ALSA: control: Take power_ref lock primarily

The code path for kcontrol accesses have often nested locks of both
card's controls_rwsem and power_ref, and applies in that order.
However, what could take much longer is the latter, power_ref; it
waits for the power state of the device, and it pretty much depends on
the user's action.

This patch swaps the locking order of those locks to a more natural
way, namely, power_ref -> controls_rwsem, in order to shorten the time
of possible nested locks.  For consistency, power_ref is taken always
in the top-level caller side (that is, *_user() functions and the
ioctl handler itself).

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20240729160659.4516-1-tiwai@suse.deSigned-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

sound/core/control.c

@@ -1167,9 +1167,7 @@ static int __snd_ctl_elem_info(struct snd_card *card,
 #ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
 	info->access = 0;
 #endif
-	result = snd_power_ref_and_wait(card);
-	if (!result)
-		result = kctl->info(kctl, info);
+	result = kctl->info(kctl, info);
 	snd_power_unref(card);
 	if (result >= 0) {
 		snd_BUG_ON(info->access);
@@ -1208,12 +1206,17 @@ static int snd_ctl_elem_info(struct snd_ctl_file *ctl,
 static int snd_ctl_elem_info_user(struct snd_ctl_file *ctl,
 				  struct snd_ctl_elem_info __user *_info)
 {
+	struct snd_card *card = ctl->card;
 	struct snd_ctl_elem_info info;
 	int result;
 
 	if (copy_from_user(&info, _info, sizeof(info)))
 		return -EFAULT;
+	result = snd_power_ref_and_wait(card);
+	if (result)
+		return result;
 	result = snd_ctl_elem_info(ctl, &info);
+	snd_power_unref(card);
 	if (result < 0)
 		return result;
 	/* drop internal access flags */
@@ -1257,10 +1260,7 @@ static int snd_ctl_elem_read(struct snd_card *card,
 
 	if (!snd_ctl_skip_validation(&info))
 		fill_remaining_elem_value(control, &info, pattern);
-	ret = snd_power_ref_and_wait(card);
-	if (!ret)
-		ret = kctl->get(kctl, control);
-	snd_power_unref(card);
+	ret = kctl->get(kctl, control);
 	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;
 	if (!snd_ctl_skip_validation(&info) &&
@@ -1285,7 +1285,11 @@ static int snd_ctl_elem_read_user(struct snd_card *card,
 	if (IS_ERR(control))
 		return PTR_ERR(no_free_ptr(control));
 
+	result = snd_power_ref_and_wait(card);
+	if (result)
+		return result;
 	result = snd_ctl_elem_read(card, control);
+	snd_power_unref(card);
 	if (result < 0)
 		return result;
 
@@ -1300,7 +1304,7 @@ static int snd_ctl_elem_write(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_ctl_file *file,
 	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
 	struct snd_kcontrol_volatile *vd;
 	unsigned int index_offset;
-	int result;
+	int result = 0;
 
 	down_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
 	kctl = snd_ctl_find_id_locked(card, &control->id);
@@ -1318,9 +1322,8 @@ static int snd_ctl_elem_write(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_ctl_file *file,
 	}
 
 	snd_ctl_build_ioff(&control->id, kctl, index_offset);
-	result = snd_power_ref_and_wait(card);
 	/* validate input values */
-	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_CTL_INPUT_VALIDATION) && !result) {
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_CTL_INPUT_VALIDATION)) {
 		struct snd_ctl_elem_info info;
 
 		memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
@@ -1332,7 +1335,6 @@ static int snd_ctl_elem_write(struct snd_card *card, struct snd_ctl_file *file,
 	}
 	if (!result)
 		result = kctl->put(kctl, control);
-	snd_power_unref(card);
 	if (result < 0) {
 		up_write(&card->controls_rwsem);
 		return result;
@@ -1361,7 +1363,11 @@ static int snd_ctl_elem_write_user(struct snd_ctl_file *file,
 		return PTR_ERR(no_free_ptr(control));
 
 	card = file->card;
+	result = snd_power_ref_and_wait(card);
+	if (result < 0)
+		return result;
 	result = snd_ctl_elem_write(card, file, control);
+	snd_power_unref(card);
 	if (result < 0)
 		return result;
 
@@ -1830,7 +1836,7 @@ static int call_tlv_handler(struct snd_ctl_file *file, int op_flag,
 		{SNDRV_CTL_TLV_OP_CMD,   SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_COMMAND},
 	};
 	struct snd_kcontrol_volatile *vd = &kctl->vd[snd_ctl_get_ioff(kctl, id)];
-	int i, ret;
+	int i;
 
 	/* Check support of the request for this element. */
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pairs); ++i) {
@@ -1848,11 +1854,7 @@ static int call_tlv_handler(struct snd_ctl_file *file, int op_flag,
 	    vd->owner != NULL && vd->owner != file)
 		return -EPERM;
 
-	ret = snd_power_ref_and_wait(file->card);
-	if (!ret)
-		ret = kctl->tlv.c(kctl, op_flag, size, buf);
-	snd_power_unref(file->card);
-	return ret;
+	return kctl->tlv.c(kctl, op_flag, size, buf);
 }
 
 static int read_tlv_buf(struct snd_kcontrol *kctl, struct snd_ctl_elem_id *id,
@@ -1965,16 +1967,28 @@ static long snd_ctl_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg
 	case SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_SUBSCRIBE_EVENTS:
 		return snd_ctl_subscribe_events(ctl, ip);
 	case SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_TLV_READ:
-		scoped_guard(rwsem_read, &ctl->card->controls_rwsem)
+		err = snd_power_ref_and_wait(card);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		scoped_guard(rwsem_read, &card->controls_rwsem)
 			err = snd_ctl_tlv_ioctl(ctl, argp, SNDRV_CTL_TLV_OP_READ);
+		snd_power_unref(card);
 		return err;
 	case SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_TLV_WRITE:
-		scoped_guard(rwsem_write, &ctl->card->controls_rwsem)
+		err = snd_power_ref_and_wait(card);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		scoped_guard(rwsem_write, &card->controls_rwsem)
 			err = snd_ctl_tlv_ioctl(ctl, argp, SNDRV_CTL_TLV_OP_WRITE);
+		snd_power_unref(card);
 		return err;
 	case SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_TLV_COMMAND:
-		scoped_guard(rwsem_write, &ctl->card->controls_rwsem)
+		err = snd_power_ref_and_wait(card);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		scoped_guard(rwsem_write, &card->controls_rwsem)
 			err = snd_ctl_tlv_ioctl(ctl, argp, SNDRV_CTL_TLV_OP_CMD);
+		snd_power_unref(card);
 		return err;
 	case SNDRV_CTL_IOCTL_POWER:
 		return -ENOPROTOOPT;