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  11. 27 Jan, 2022 8 commits
    • Hou Tao's avatar
      bpf, x86: Remove unnecessary handling of BPF_SUB atomic op · b6ec7951
      Hou Tao authored 
      According to the LLVM commit (https://reviews.llvm.org/D72184),
sync_fetch_and_sub() is implemented as a negation followed by
sync_fetch_and_add(), so there will be no BPF_SUB op, thus just
remove it. BPF_SUB is also rejected by the verifier anyway.
Signed-off-by: default avatarHou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: default avatarBrendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20220127083240.1425481-1-houtao1@huawei.com
      b6ec7951
    • Alexei Starovoitov's avatar
      Merge branch 'bpf: add __user tagging support in vmlinux BTF' · 50fc9786
      Alexei Starovoitov authored 
      Yonghong Song says:

====================

The __user attribute is currently mainly used by sparse for type checking.
The attribute indicates whether a memory access is in user memory address
space or not. Such information is important during tracing kernel
internal functions or data structures as accessing user memory often
has different mechanisms compared to accessing kernel memory. For example,
the perf-probe needs explicit command line specification to indicate a
particular argument or string in user-space memory ([1], [2], [3]).
Currently, vmlinux BTF is available in kernel with many distributions.
If __user attribute information is available in vmlinux BTF, the explicit
user memory access information from users will not be necessary as
the kernel can figure it out by itself with vmlinux BTF.

Besides the above possible use for perf/probe, another use case is
for bpf verifier. Currently, for bpf BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING type of bpf
programs, users can write direct code like
  p->m1->m2
and "p" could be a function parameter. Without __user information in BTF,
the verifier will assume p->m1 accessing kernel memory and will generate
normal loads. Let us say "p" actually tagged with __user in the source
code.  In such cases, p->m1 is actually accessing user memory and direct
load is not right and may produce incorrect result. For such cases,
bpf_probe_read_user() will be the correct way to read p->m1.

To support encoding __user information in BTF, a new attribute
  __attribute__((btf_type_tag("<arbitrary_string>")))
is implemented in clang ([4]). For example, if we have
  #define __user __attribute__((btf_type_tag("user")))
during kernel compilation, the attribute "user" information will
be preserved in dwarf. After pahole converting dwarf to BTF, __user
information will be available in vmlinux BTF and such information
can be used by bpf verifier, perf/probe or other use cases.

Currently btf_type_tag is only supported in clang (>= clang14) and
pahole (>= 1.23). gcc support is also proposed and under development ([5]).

In the rest of patch set, Patch 1 added support of __user btf_type_tag
during compilation. Patch 2 added bpf verifier support to utilize __user
tag information to reject bpf programs not using proper helper to access
user memories. Patches 3-5 are for bpf selftests which demonstrate verifier
can reject direct user memory accesses.

  [1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/155789874562.26965.10836126971405890891.stgit@devnote2
  [2] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/155789872187.26965.4468456816590888687.stgit@devnote2
  [3] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/155789871009.26965.14167558859557329331.stgit@devnote2
  [4] https://reviews.llvm.org/D111199
  [5] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/0cbeb2fb-1a18-f690-e360-24b1c90c2a91@fb.com/

Changelog:
  v2 -> v3:
    - remove FLAG_DONTCARE enumerator and just use 0 as dontcare flag.
    - explain how btf type_tag is encoded in btf type chain.
  v1 -> v2:
    - use MEM_USER flag for PTR_TO_BTF_ID reg type instead of a separate
      field to encode __user tag.
    - add a test with kernel function __sys_getsockname which has __user tagged
      argument.
====================
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      50fc9786
    • Yonghong Song's avatar
      docs/bpf: clarify how btf_type_tag gets encoded in the type chain · b7290384
      Yonghong Song authored 
      Clarify where the BTF_KIND_TYPE_TAG gets encoded in the type chain,
so applications and kernel can properly parse them.
Signed-off-by: default avatarYonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220127154627.665163-1-yhs@fb.comSigned-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      b7290384
    • Yonghong Song's avatar
      selftests/bpf: specify pahole version requirement for btf_tag test · 67ef7e1a
      Yonghong Song authored 
      Specify pahole version requirement (1.23) for btf_tag subtests
btf_type_tag_user_{mod1, mod2, vmlinux}.
Signed-off-by: default avatarYonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220127154622.663337-1-yhs@fb.comSigned-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      67ef7e1a
    • Yonghong Song's avatar
      selftests/bpf: add a selftest with __user tag · 696c3901
      Yonghong Song authored 
      Added a selftest with three__user usages: a __user pointer-type argument
in bpf_testmod, a __user pointer-type struct member in bpf_testmod,
and a __user pointer-type struct member in vmlinux. In all cases,
directly accessing the user memory will result verification failure.

  $ ./test_progs -v -n 22/3
  ...
  libbpf: prog 'test_user1': BPF program load failed: Permission denied
  libbpf: prog 'test_user1': -- BEGIN PROG LOAD LOG --
  R1 type=ctx expected=fp
  0: R1=ctx(id=0,off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  ; int BPF_PROG(test_user1, struct bpf_testmod_btf_type_tag_1 *arg)
  0: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r1 +0)
  func 'bpf_testmod_test_btf_type_tag_user_1' arg0 has btf_id 136561 type STRUCT 'bpf_testmod_btf_type_tag_1'
  1: R1_w=user_ptr_bpf_testmod_btf_type_tag_1(id=0,off=0,imm=0)
  ; g = arg->a;
  1: (61) r1 = *(u32 *)(r1 +0)
  R1 invalid mem access 'user_ptr_'
  ...
  #22/3 btf_tag/btf_type_tag_user_mod1:OK

  $ ./test_progs -v -n 22/4
  ...
  libbpf: prog 'test_user2': BPF program load failed: Permission denied
  libbpf: prog 'test_user2': -- BEGIN PROG LOAD LOG --
  R1 type=ctx expected=fp
  0: R1=ctx(id=0,off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  ; int BPF_PROG(test_user2, struct bpf_testmod_btf_type_tag_2 *arg)
  0: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r1 +0)
  func 'bpf_testmod_test_btf_type_tag_user_2' arg0 has btf_id 136563 type STRUCT 'bpf_testmod_btf_type_tag_2'
  1: R1_w=ptr_bpf_testmod_btf_type_tag_2(id=0,off=0,imm=0)
  ; g = arg->p->a;
  1: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r1 +0)          ; R1_w=user_ptr_bpf_testmod_btf_type_tag_1(id=0,off=0,imm=0)
  ; g = arg->p->a;
  2: (61) r1 = *(u32 *)(r1 +0)
  R1 invalid mem access 'user_ptr_'
  ...
  #22/4 btf_tag/btf_type_tag_user_mod2:OK

  $ ./test_progs -v -n 22/5
  ...
  libbpf: prog 'test_sys_getsockname': BPF program load failed: Permission denied
  libbpf: prog 'test_sys_getsockname': -- BEGIN PROG LOAD LOG --
  R1 type=ctx expected=fp
  0: R1=ctx(id=0,off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  ; int BPF_PROG(test_sys_getsockname, int fd, struct sockaddr *usockaddr,
  0: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r1 +8)
  func '__sys_getsockname' arg1 has btf_id 2319 type STRUCT 'sockaddr'
  1: R1_w=user_ptr_sockaddr(id=0,off=0,imm=0)
  ; g = usockaddr->sa_family;
  1: (69) r1 = *(u16 *)(r1 +0)
  R1 invalid mem access 'user_ptr_'
  ...
  #22/5 btf_tag/btf_type_tag_user_vmlinux:OK
Signed-off-by: default avatarYonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220127154616.659314-1-yhs@fb.comSigned-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      696c3901
    • Yonghong Song's avatar
      selftests/bpf: rename btf_decl_tag.c to test_btf_decl_tag.c · 571d01a9
      Yonghong Song authored 
      The uapi btf.h contains the following declaration:
  struct btf_decl_tag {
       __s32   component_idx;
  };

The skeleton will also generate a struct with name
"btf_decl_tag" for bpf program btf_decl_tag.c.

Rename btf_decl_tag.c to test_btf_decl_tag.c so
the corresponding skeleton struct name becomes
"test_btf_decl_tag". This way, we could include
uapi btf.h in prog_tests/btf_tag.c.
There is no functionality change for this patch.
Signed-off-by: default avatarYonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220127154611.656699-1-yhs@fb.comSigned-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      571d01a9
    • Yonghong Song's avatar
      bpf: reject program if a __user tagged memory accessed in kernel way · c6f1bfe8
      Yonghong Song authored 
      BPF verifier supports direct memory access for BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING type
of bpf programs, e.g., a->b. If "a" is a pointer
pointing to kernel memory, bpf verifier will allow user to write
code in C like a->b and the verifier will translate it to a kernel
load properly. If "a" is a pointer to user memory, it is expected
that bpf developer should be bpf_probe_read_user() helper to
get the value a->b. Without utilizing BTF __user tagging information,
current verifier will assume that a->b is a kernel memory access
and this may generate incorrect result.

Now BTF contains __user information, it can check whether the
pointer points to a user memory or not. If it is, the verifier
can reject the program and force users to use bpf_probe_read_user()
helper explicitly.

In the future, we can easily extend btf_add_space for other
address space tagging, for example, rcu/percpu etc.
Signed-off-by: default avatarYonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220127154606.654961-1-yhs@fb.comSigned-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      c6f1bfe8
    • Yonghong Song's avatar
      compiler_types: define __user as __attribute__((btf_type_tag("user"))) · 7472d5a6
      Yonghong Song authored 
      The __user attribute is currently mainly used by sparse for type checking.
The attribute indicates whether a memory access is in user memory address
space or not. Such information is important during tracing kernel
internal functions or data structures as accessing user memory often
has different mechanisms compared to accessing kernel memory. For example,
the perf-probe needs explicit command line specification to indicate a
particular argument or string in user-space memory ([1], [2], [3]).
Currently, vmlinux BTF is available in kernel with many distributions.
If __user attribute information is available in vmlinux BTF, the explicit
user memory access information from users will not be necessary as
the kernel can figure it out by itself with vmlinux BTF.

Besides the above possible use for perf/probe, another use case is
for bpf verifier. Currently, for bpf BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING type of bpf
programs, users can write direct code like
  p->m1->m2
and "p" could be a function parameter. Without __user information in BTF,
the verifier will assume p->m1 accessing kernel memory and will generate
normal loads. Let us say "p" actually tagged with __user in the source
code.  In such cases, p->m1 is actually accessing user memory and direct
load is not right and may produce incorrect result. For such cases,
bpf_probe_read_user() will be the correct way to read p->m1.

To support encoding __user information in BTF, a new attribute
  __attribute__((btf_type_tag("<arbitrary_string>")))
is implemented in clang ([4]). For example, if we have
  #define __user __attribute__((btf_type_tag("user")))
during kernel compilation, the attribute "user" information will
be preserved in dwarf. After pahole converting dwarf to BTF, __user
information will be available in vmlinux BTF.

The following is an example with latest upstream clang (clang14) and
pahole 1.23:

  [$ ~] cat test.c
  #define __user __attribute__((btf_type_tag("user")))
  int foo(int __user *arg) {
          return *arg;
  }
  [$ ~] clang -O2 -g -c test.c
  [$ ~] pahole -JV test.o
  ...
  [1] INT int size=4 nr_bits=32 encoding=SIGNED
  [2] TYPE_TAG user type_id=1
  [3] PTR (anon) type_id=2
  [4] FUNC_PROTO (anon) return=1 args=(3 arg)
  [5] FUNC foo type_id=4
  [$ ~]

You can see for the function argument "int __user *arg", its type is
described as
  PTR -> TYPE_TAG(user) -> INT
The kernel can use this information for bpf verification or other
use cases.

Current btf_type_tag is only supported in clang (>= clang14) and
pahole (>= 1.23). gcc support is also proposed and under development ([5]).

  [1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/155789874562.26965.10836126971405890891.stgit@devnote2
  [2] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/155789872187.26965.4468456816590888687.stgit@devnote2
  [3] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/155789871009.26965.14167558859557329331.stgit@devnote2
  [4] https://reviews.llvm.org/D111199
  [5] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/0cbeb2fb-1a18-f690-e360-24b1c90c2a91@fb.com/Signed-off-by: default avatarYonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220127154600.652613-1-yhs@fb.comSigned-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      7472d5a6
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