Slight change of strategy here; if we have trouble getting hold of a
page for whatever reason (eg a compound page is split underneath us),
don't spin to stabilise the page, just continue the iteration, like we
would if we failed to trylock the page.  Since this is a speculative
optimisation, it feels like we should allow the process to take an extra
fault if it turns out to need this page instead of spending time to pin
down a page it may not need.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

Slightly shorter and simpler code.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

The 'end' parameter of the xas_for_each iterator avoids a useless
iteration at the end of the range.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

There's no direct replacement for radix_tree_for_each_contig()
in the XArray API as it's an unusual thing to do.  Instead,
open-code a loop using xas_next().  This removes the only user of
radix_tree_for_each_contig() so delete the iterator from the API and
the test suite code for it.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

The 'end' parameter of the xas_for_each iterator avoids a useless
iteration at the end of the range.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

Slightly shorter and simpler code.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

Slightly shorter and simpler code.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

The code is slightly shorter and simpler.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

Use the XArray APIs to add and replace pages in the page cache.  This
removes two uses of the radix tree preload API and is significantly
shorter code.  It also removes the last user of __radix_tree_create()
outside radix-tree.c itself, so make it static.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

The page cache offers the ability to search for a miss in the previous or
next N locations.  Rather than teach the XArray about the page cache's
definition of a miss, use xas_prev() and xas_next() to search the page
array.  This should be more efficient as it does not have to start the
lookup from the top for each index.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

Change i_pages from a radix_tree_root to an xarray, convert the
documentation into kernel-doc format and change the order of the elements
to pack them better on 64-bit systems.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

Use the XA_TRACK_FREE ability to track which entries have a free bit,
similarly to how it uses the radix tree's IDR_FREE tag.  This eliminates
the per-cpu ida_bitmap preload, and fixes the memory consumption
regression I introduced when making the IDR able to store any pointer.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

Add the optional ability to track which entries in an XArray are free
and provide xa_alloc() to replace most of the functionality of the IDR.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

Add myself as XArray and IDR maintainer.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

This function reserves a slot in the XArray for users which need
to acquire multiple locks before storing their entry in the tree and
so cannot use a plain xa_store().
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

This hopefully temporary function is useful for users who have not yet
been converted to multi-index entries.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

This iterator iterates over each entry that is stored in the index or
indices specified by the xa_state.  This is intended for use for a
conditional store of a multiindex entry, or to allow entries which are
about to be removed from the xarray to be disposed of properly.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

The xas_next and xas_prev functions move the xas index by one position,
and adjust the rest of the iterator state to match it.  This is more
efficient than calling xas_set() as it keeps the iterator at the leaves
of the tree instead of walking the iterator from the root each time.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

This function frees all the internal memory allocated to the xarray
and reinitialises it to be empty.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

The xa_extract function combines the functionality of
radix_tree_gang_lookup() and radix_tree_gang_lookup_tagged().
It extracts entries matching the specified filter into a normal array.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

The xa_for_each iterator allows the user to efficiently walk a range
of the array, executing the loop body once for each entry in that
range that matches the filter.  This commit also includes xa_find()
and xa_find_after() which are helper functions for xa_for_each() but
may also be useful in their own right.

In the xas family of functions, we have xas_for_each(), xas_find(),
xas_next_entry(), xas_for_each_tagged(), xas_find_tagged(),
xas_next_tagged() and xas_pause().
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

Like cmpxchg(), xa_cmpxchg will only store to the index if the current
entry matches the old entry.  It returns the current entry, which is
usually more useful than the errno returned by radix_tree_insert().
For the users who really only want the errno, the xa_insert() wrapper
provides a more convenient calling convention.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

xa_store() differs from radix_tree_insert() in that it will overwrite an
existing element in the array rather than returning an error.  This is
the behaviour which most users want, and those that want more complex
behaviour generally want to use the xas family of routines anyway.

For memory allocation, xa_store() will first attempt to request memory
from the slab allocator; if memory is not immediately available, it will
drop the xa_lock and allocate memory, keeping a pointer in the xa_state.
It does not use the per-CPU cache, although those will continue to exist
until all radix tree users are converted to the xarray.

This patch also includes xa_erase() and __xa_erase() for a streamlined
way to store NULL.  Since there is no need to allocate memory in order
to store a NULL in the XArray, we do not need to trouble the user with
deciding what memory allocation flags to use.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

XArray marks are like the radix tree tags, only slightly more strongly
typed.  They are renamed in order to distinguish them from tagged
pointers.  This commit adds the basic get/set/clear operations.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

The xa_load function brings with it a lot of infrastructure; xa_empty(),
xa_is_err(), and large chunks of the XArray advanced API that are used
to implement xa_load.

As the test-suite demonstrates, it is possible to use the XArray functions
on a radix tree.  The radix tree functions depend on the GFP flags being
stored in the root of the tree, so it's not possible to use the radix
tree functions on an XArray.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

This is documentation on how to use the XArray, not details about its
internal implementation.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>

This is a direct replacement for struct radix_tree_node.  A couple of
struct members have changed name, so convert those.  Use a #define so
that radix tree users continue to work without change.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>

This is a direct replacement for struct radix_tree_root.  Some of the
struct members have changed name; convert those, and use a #define so
that radix_tree users continue to work without change.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>

Instead of storing a pointer to the slot containing the canonical entry,
store the offset of the slot.  Produces slightly more efficient code
(~300 bytes) and simplifies the implementation.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>

Introduce xarray value entries and tagged pointers to replace radix
tree exceptional entries.  This is a slight change in encoding to allow
the use of an extra bit (we can now store BITS_PER_LONG - 1 bits in a
value entry).  It is also a change in emphasis; exceptional entries are
intimidating and different.  As the comment explains, you can choose
to store values or pointers in the xarray and they are both first-class
citizens.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>

An upcoming change to the encoding of internal entries will set the bottom
two bits to 0b10.  Unfortunately, m68k only aligns some data structures
to 2 bytes, so the IDR will interpret them as internal entries and things
will go badly wrong.

Change the radix tree so that it stops either when the node indicates
that it's the bottom of the tree (shift == 0) or when the entry is not an
internal entry.  This means we cannot insert an arbitrary kernel pointer
as a multiorder entry, but the IDR does not permit multiorder entries.

Annoyingly, this means the IDR can no longer take advantage of the radix
tree's ability to store a single entry at offset 0 without allocating
memory.  A pointer which is 2-byte aligned cannot be stored directly in
the root as it would be indistinguishable from a node, so we must allocate
a node in order to store a 2-byte pointer at index 0.  The idr_replace()
function does not take a GFP flags argument, so cannot allocate memory.
If a user inserts a 4-byte aligned pointer at index 0 and then replaces
it with a 2-byte aligned pointer, we must be able to store it.

Arbitrary pointer values are still not permitted; pointers of the
form 2 + (i * 4) for values of i between 0 and 1023 are reserved for
the implementation.  These are not valid kernel pointers as they would
point into the zero page.

This change does cause a runtime memory consumption regression for
the IDA.  I will recover that later.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>

Redirect some older email addresses that are in the git logs.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>

Jens writes:
  "Block fixes for 4.19-rc6

   A set of fixes that should go into this release. This pull request
   contains:

   - A fix (hopefully) for the persistent grants for xen-blkfront. A
     previous fix from this series wasn't complete, hence reverted, and
     this one should hopefully be it. (Boris Ostrovsky)

   - Fix for an elevator drain warning with SMR devices, which is
     triggered when you switch schedulers (Damien)

   - bcache deadlock fix (Guoju Fang)

   - Fix for the block unplug tracepoint, which has had the
     timer/explicit flag reverted since 4.11 (Ilya)

   - Fix a regression in this series where the blk-mq timeout hook is
     invoked with the RCU read lock held, hence preventing it from
     blocking (Keith)

   - NVMe pull from Christoph, with a single multipath fix (Susobhan Dey)"

* tag 'for-linus-20180929' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  xen/blkfront: correct purging of persistent grants
  Revert "xen/blkfront: When purging persistent grants, keep them in the buffer"
  blk-mq: I/O and timer unplugs are inverted in blktrace
  bcache: add separate workqueue for journal_write to avoid deadlock
  xen/blkfront: When purging persistent grants, keep them in the buffer
  block: fix deadline elevator drain for zoned block devices
  blk-mq: Allow blocking queue tag iter callbacks
  nvme: properly propagate errors in nvme_mpath_init

Thomas writes:
  "A single fix for the AMD memory encryption boot code so it does not
   read random garbage instead of the cached encryption bit when a kexec
   kernel is allocated above the 32bit address limit."

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/boot: Fix kexec booting failure in the SEV bit detection code

Thomas writes:
  "Three small fixes for clocksource drivers:
   - Proper error handling in the Atmel PIT driver
   - Add CLOCK_SOURCE_SUSPEND_NONSTOP for TI SoCs so suspend works again
   - Fix the next event function for Facebook Backpack-CMM BMC chips so
     usleep(100) doesnt sleep several milliseconds"

* 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  clocksource/drivers/timer-atmel-pit: Properly handle error cases
  clocksource/drivers/fttmr010: Fix set_next_event handler
  clocksource/drivers/ti-32k: Add CLOCK_SOURCE_SUSPEND_NONSTOP flag for non-am43 SoCs

Thomas writes:
  "A single fix for a missing sanity check when a pinned event is tried
  to be read on the wrong CPU due to a legit event scheduling failure."

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  perf/core: Add sanity check to deal with pinned event failure

Rafael writes:
  "Power management fix for 4.19-rc6

   Fix incorrect __init and __exit annotations in the Qualcomm
   Kryo cpufreq driver (Nathan Chancellor)."

* tag 'pm-4.19-rc6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm:
  cpufreq: qcom-kryo: Fix section annotations

There is currently a warning when building the Kryo cpufreq driver into
the kernel image:

WARNING: vmlinux.o(.text+0x8aa424): Section mismatch in reference from
the function qcom_cpufreq_kryo_probe() to the function
.init.text:qcom_cpufreq_kryo_get_msm_id()
The function qcom_cpufreq_kryo_probe() references
the function __init qcom_cpufreq_kryo_get_msm_id().
This is often because qcom_cpufreq_kryo_probe lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of qcom_cpufreq_kryo_get_msm_id is wrong.

Remove the '__init' annotation from qcom_cpufreq_kryo_get_msm_id
so that there is no more mismatch warning.

Additionally, Nick noticed that the remove function was marked as
'__init' when it should really be marked as '__exit'.

Fixes: 46e2856b (cpufreq: Add Kryo CPU scaling driver)
Fixes: 5ad7346b (cpufreq: kryo: Add module remove and exit)
Reported-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Cc: 4.18+ <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.18+
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

Christoph writes:
  "dma mapping fix for 4.19-rc6

   fix a missing Kconfig symbol for commits introduced in 4.19-rc"

* tag 'dma-mapping-4.19-3' of git://git.infradead.org/users/hch/dma-mapping:
  dma-mapping: add the missing ARCH_HAS_SYNC_DMA_FOR_CPU_ALL declaration

Dmitry writes:
  "Input updates for v4.19-rc5

   Just a few driver fixes"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dtor/input:
  Input: uinput - allow for max == min during input_absinfo validation
  Input: elantech - enable middle button of touchpad on ThinkPad P72
  Input: atakbd - fix Atari CapsLock behaviour
  Input: atakbd - fix Atari keymap
  Input: egalax_ts - add system wakeup support
  Input: gpio-keys - fix a documentation index issue