Nilfs object holds a back pointer to a writable super block instance
in nilfs->ns_writer, and this became eliminable since sb is now made
per device and all inodes have a valid pointer to it.

This deletes the ns_writer pointer and a reader/writer semaphore
protecting it.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This removes a back pointer to nilfs object from nilfs_mdt_info
structure that is attached to metadata files.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

After applied the patch that unified sb instances, root dentry of
snapshots can be left in dcache even after their trees are unmounted.

The orphan root dentry/inode keeps a root object, and this causes
false positive of nilfs_checkpoint_is_mounted function.

This resolves the issue by having nilfs_checkpoint_is_mounted test
whether the root dentry is busy or not.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This makes use of iget5_locked to allocate or get inode for metadata
files to stop using own inode allocator.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This applies prepared rollback function and redirect function of
metadata file to DAT file, and eliminates GCDAT inode.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

During garbage collection (GC), DAT file, which converts virtual block
number to real block number, may return disk block number that is not
yet written to the device.

To avoid access to unwritten blocks, the current implementation stores
changes to the caches of GCDAT during GC and atomically commit the
changes into the DAT file after they are written to the device.

This patch, instead, adds a function that makes a copy of specified
buffer and stores it in nilfs_shadow_map, and a function to get the
backup copy as needed (nilfs_mdt_freeze_buffer and
nilfs_mdt_get_frozen_buffer respectively).

Before DAT changes block number in an entry block, it makes a copy and
redirect access to the buffer so that address conversion function
(i.e. nilfs_dat_translate) refers to the old address saved in the
copy.

This patch gives requisites for such redirection.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This adds optional function to metadata files which makes a copy of
bmap, page caches, and b-tree node cache, and rolls back to the copy
as needed.

This enhancement is intended to displace gcdat inode that provides a
similar function in a different way.

In this patch, nilfs_shadow_map structure is added to store a copy of
the foregoing states.  nilfs_mdt_setup_shadow_map relates this
structure to a metadata file.  And, nilfs_mdt_save_to_shadow_map() and
nilfs_mdt_restore_from_shadow_map() provides save and restore
functions respectively.  Finally, nilfs_mdt_clear_shadow_map() clears
states of nilfs_shadow_map.

The copy of b-tree node cache and page cache is made by duplicating
only dirty pages into corresponding caches in nilfs_shadow_map.  Their
restoration is done by clearing dirty pages from original caches and
by copying dirty pages back from nilfs_shadow_map.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This adds routines to save and restore the state of bmap structure.
The bmap state is stored in a given nilfs_bmap_store object.

These routines will be used to roll back the state of dat inode
without using gcdat inode.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

GC-inode now doesn't need the nilfs_mdt_info structure and there is no
reason that it is a sort of metadata files.

This stops the allocation and makes them not dependent on metadata
file routines.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

Allows clear inode function (nilfs_clear_inode) to handle metadata
files that uses bitmap-based object alloctor.  DAT and ifile
correspond to this.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This flag is a fake used to distinguish type of super block instance.
And, it got obsolete by the unification of sb.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This stops pre-allocating nilfs object in nilfs_get_sb routine, and
stops managing its life cycle by reference counting.

nilfs_find_or_create_nilfs() function, nilfs->ns_mount_mutex,
nilfs_objects list, and the reference counter will be removed through
the simplification.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This stops allocating multiple super block instances for a device.

All snapshots and a current mode mount (i.e. latest tree) will be
controlled with nilfs_root objects that are kept within an sb
instance.

nilfs_get_sb() is rewritten so that it always has a root object for
the latest tree and snapshots make additional root objects.

The root dentry of the latest tree is binded to sb->s_root even if it
isn't attached on a directory.  Root dentries of snapshots or the
latest tree are binded to mnt->mnt_root on which they are mounted.

With this patch, nilfs_find_sbinfo() function, nilfs->ns_supers list,
and nilfs->ns_current back pointer, are deleted.  In addition,
init_nilfs() and load_nilfs() are simplified since they will be called
once for a device, not repeatedly called for mount points.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This splits the code to attach snapshots into a separate routine for
convenience sake.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This splits the code to allocate root dentry into a separate routine
for convenience in successive changes.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

Snapshots of nilfs are read-only.

After super block instances (sb) will be unified, nilfs will need to
check write access by a way other than implicit test with
IS_RDONLY(inode).  This is because IS_RDONLY() refers to MS_RDONLY bit
of inode->i_sb->s_flags and it will become inaccurate after the
unification of sb.

To prepare for the issue, this uses i_op->permission to deny write
access to inodes in snapshots.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This rewrites nilfs_checkpoint_is_mounted() function so that it
decides whether a checkpoint is mounted by whether the corresponding
root object is found in checkpoint tree.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This moves sbi->s_inodes_count and sbi->s_blocks_count into nilfs_root
object.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This rewrites functions using ifile so that they get ifile from
nilfs_root object, and will remove sbi->s_ifile.  Some functions that
don't know the root object are extended to receive it from caller.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

The previous export operations cannot handle multiple versions of
a filesystem if they belong to the same sb instance.

This adds a new type of file handle and extends export operations so
that they can get the inode specified by a checkpoint number as well
as an inode number and a generation number.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This puts a pointer to nilfs_root object in the private part of
on-memory inode, and makes nilfs_iget function pick up the inode with
the same root object.

Non-root inodes inherit its nilfs_root object from parent inode.  That
of the root inode is allocated through nilfs_attach_checkpoint()
function.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

To hold multiple versions of a filesystem in one sb instance, a new
on-memory structure is necessary to handle one or more checkpoints.

This adds a red-black tree of checkpoints to nilfs object, and adds
lookup and create functions for them.

Each checkpoint is represented by "nilfs_root" structure, and this
structure has rb_node to configure the rb-tree.

The nilfs_root object is identified with a checkpoint number.  For
each snapshot, a nilfs_root object is allocated and the checkpoint
number of snapshot is assigned to it.  For a regular mount
(i.e. current mode mount), NILFS_CPTREE_CURRENT_CNO constant is
assigned to the corresponding nilfs_root object.

Each nilfs_root object has an ifile inode and some counters.  These
items will displace those of nilfs_sb_info structure in successive
patches.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This uses inode hash function that vfs provides instead of the own
hash table for caching gc inodes.  This finally removes the own inode
hash from nilfs.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This separates a part of initialization code of metadata file inode,
and makes it available from the nilfs iget function that a later patch
will add to.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This uses iget5_locked instead of iget_locked so that gc cache can
look up inodes with an inode number and an optional checkpoint number.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

On-memory inode structures of nilfs have a member "i_cno" which stores
a checkpoint number related to the inode.  For gc-inodes, this field
indicates version of data each gc-inode caches for GC.  Log writer
temporarily uses "i_cno" to transfer the latest checkpoint number.

This stops the latter use and lets only gc-inodes use it.

The purpose of this patch is to allow the successive change use
"i_cno" for inode lookup.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This allows sop->dirty_inode callback function (nilfs_dirty_inode) to
handle metadata file inodes.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

The current nilfs_destroy_inode() doesn't handle metadata file inodes
including gc inodes (dummy inodes used for garbage collection).

This allows nilfs_destroy_inode() to destroy inodes of metadata files.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

Compatibility of nilfs partitions is now managed with three feature
sets.  This changes old compatibility check with revision number so
that it can accept future revisions.

Note that we can stop support of experimental versions of nilfs that
doesn't know the feature sets by incrementing NILFS_CURRENT_REV.  We
don't have to do it soon, but it would be a possible option whenever
the need arises.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

* 'urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brodo/pcmcia-2.6:
  pcmcia: fix ni_daq_700 compilation
  pcmcia: IOCARD is also required for using IRQs

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/asm-generic:
  asm-generic/io.h: allow people to override individual funcs
  bitops: remove duplicated extern declarations
  bitops: make asm-generic/bitops/find.h more generic
  asm-generic: kdebug.h: Checkpatch cleanup
  asm-generic: fcntl: make exported headers use strict posix types
  asm-generic: cmpxchg does not handle non-long arguments
  asm-generic: make atomic_add_unless a function

* 'llseek' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl:
  vfs: make no_llseek the default
  vfs: don't use BKL in default_llseek
  llseek: automatically add .llseek fop
  libfs: use generic_file_llseek for simple_attr
  mac80211: disallow seeks in minstrel debug code
  lirc: make chardev nonseekable
  viotape: use noop_llseek
  raw: use explicit llseek file operations
  ibmasmfs: use generic_file_llseek
  spufs: use llseek in all file operations
  arm/omap: use generic_file_llseek in iommu_debug
  lkdtm: use generic_file_llseek in debugfs
  net/wireless: use generic_file_llseek in debugfs
  drm: use noop_llseek

* 'vfs' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl: (30 commits)
  BKL: remove BKL from freevxfs
  BKL: remove BKL from qnx4
  autofs4: Only declare function when CONFIG_COMPAT is defined
  autofs: Only declare function when CONFIG_COMPAT is defined
  ncpfs: Lock socket in ncpfs while setting its callbacks
  fs/locks.c: prepare for BKL removal
  BKL: Remove BKL from ncpfs
  BKL: Remove BKL from OCFS2
  BKL: Remove BKL from squashfs
  BKL: Remove BKL from jffs2
  BKL: Remove BKL from ecryptfs
  BKL: Remove BKL from afs
  BKL: Remove BKL from USB gadgetfs
  BKL: Remove BKL from autofs4
  BKL: Remove BKL from isofs
  BKL: Remove BKL from fat
  BKL: Remove BKL from ext2 filesystem
  BKL: Remove BKL from do_new_mount()
  BKL: Remove BKL from cgroup
  BKL: Remove BKL from NTFS
  ...

* 'trivial' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl:
  block: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
  drivers: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
  ipmi: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
  mac: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
  mtd: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
  scsi: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex

Fix up trivial conflicts (due to addition of private mutex right next to
deletion of a version string) in drivers/char/pcmcia/cm40[04]0_cs.c

* 'config' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl:
  BKL: introduce CONFIG_BKL.
  dabusb: remove the BKL
  sunrpc: remove the big kernel lock
  init/main.c: remove BKL notations
  blktrace: remove the big kernel lock
  rtmutex-tester: make it build without BKL
  dvb-core: kill the big kernel lock
  dvb/bt8xx: kill the big kernel lock
  tlclk: remove big kernel lock
  fix rawctl compat ioctls breakage on amd64 and itanic
  uml: kill big kernel lock
  parisc: remove big kernel lock
  cris: autoconvert trivial BKL users
  alpha: kill big kernel lock
  isapnp: BKL removal
  s390/block: kill the big kernel lock
  hpet: kill BKL, add compat_ioctl

Reported-by: Anca Emanuel <anca.emanuel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>

* 'x86-irq-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  x86, 32-bit: Align percpu area and irq stacks to THREAD_SIZE
  x86: Move alloc_desk_mask variables inside ifdef
  x86-32: Align IRQ stacks properly
  x86: Remove CONFIG_4KSTACKS
  x86: Always use irq stacks

Fixed up trivial conflicts in include/linux/{irq.h, percpu-defs.h}

Merge branch 'x86-timers-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'x86-timers-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  x86: Hpet: Avoid the comparator readback penalty

Fortunately this is only exploitable on very unusual hardware.

[Reported a while ago but nothing happened so just fixing it]
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Dave Hinds pointed out to me that 37979e15 will break b43 and
ray_cs, as IOCARD is not -- as the name would suggest -- only needed
for cards using IO ports. Instead, as it re-deines several pins, it
is also required for using interrupts.
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>