A missing cast means that when we are truncating a file which is less
than 60 bytes, we don't clear the correct area of memory, and in fact
we can end up truncating the next inode in the inode table, or worse
yet, some other kernel data structure.

Addresses-Coverity-Id: #751987
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

Can be reproduced by xfstests 62 with bigalloc and 128bit size inode.
Signed-off-by: Yongqiang Yang <yangyongqiang01@baidu.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: Yongqiang Yang <yangyongqiang01@baidu.com>
Reviewed-by: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>

Use the new %pd printk() specifier in Ext4 to replace passing of
dentry name or dentry name and name length * 2 with just passing the
dentry.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger.kernel@dilger.ca>
cc: linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org

The function has a bit non-standard (for ext4) error recovery in that it
used a mix of 'out' labels and testing for 'handle' being NULL. There
isn't a good reason for that in the function so clean it up a bit.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Similarly as other ->write_begin functions in ext4, also
ext4_da_write_inline_data_begin() should retry allocation if the
conversion failed because of ENOSPC. This avoids returning ENOSPC
prematurely because of uncommitted block deletions.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

After applied this commit (d23142c6), ext4 has supported punch hole for
a file system with bigalloc feature.  But we forgot to enable it.  This
commit fixes it.

Cc: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Zheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Commit f5a44db5 introduced a regression on filesystems created with
the bigalloc feature (cluster size > blocksize).  It causes xfstests
generic/006 and /013 to fail with an unexpected JBD2 failure and
transaction abort that leaves the test file system in a read only state.
Other xfstests run on bigalloc file systems are likely to fail as well.

The cause is the accidental use of a cluster mask where a cluster
offset was needed in ext4_ext_map_blocks().
Signed-off-by: Eric Whitney <enwlinux@gmail.com>

The missing casts can cause the high 64-bits of the physical blocks to
be lost.  Set up new macros which allows us to make sure the right
thing happen, even if at some point we end up supporting larger
logical block numbers.

Thanks to the Emese Revfy and the PaX security team for reporting this
issue.
Reported-by: PaX Team <pageexec@freemail.hu>
Reported-by: Emese Revfy <re.emese@gmail.com>                                 
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

Akira-san has been reporting rare deadlocks of his machine when running
xfstests test 269 on ext4 filesystem. The problem turned out to be in
ext4_da_reserve_metadata() and ext4_da_reserve_space() which called
ext4_should_retry_alloc() while holding i_data_sem. Since
ext4_should_retry_alloc() can force a transaction commit, this is a
lock ordering violation and leads to deadlocks.

Fix the problem by just removing the retry loops. These functions should
just report ENOSPC to the caller (e.g. ext4_da_write_begin()) and that
function must take care of retrying after dropping all necessary locks.
Reported-and-tested-by: Akira Fujita <a-fujita@rs.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Zheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

Rename performed via: perl -pi -e 's/JBD:/JBD2:/g' fs/jbd2/*.c
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>

Some of KERN_EMERG printk messages do not really deserve this log
level and the one in log_wait_commit() is even rather useless (the
journal has been previously aborted and *that* is where we should have
been complaining). So make some messages just KERN_ERR and remove the
useless message.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

If a handle runs out of space, we currently stop the kernel with a BUG
in jbd2_journal_dirty_metadata().  This makes it hard to figure out
what might be going on.  So return an error of ENOSPC, so we can let
the file system layer figure out what is going on, to make it more
likely we can get useful debugging information).  This should make it
easier to debug problems such as the one which was reported by:

    https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=44731

The only two callers of this function are ext4_handle_dirty_metadata()
and ocfs2_journal_dirty().  The ocfs2 function will trigger a
BUG_ON(), which means there will be no change in behavior.  The ext4
function will call ext4_error_inode() which will print the useful
debugging information and then handle the situation using ext4's error
handling mechanisms (i.e., which might mean halting the kernel or
remounting the file system read-only).

Also, since both file systems already call WARN_ON(), drop the WARN_ON
from jbd2_journal_dirty_metadata() to avoid two stack traces from
being displayed.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: ocfs2-devel@oss.oracle.com
Acked-by: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>

When the filesystem doesn't support extents (like in ext2/3
compatibility modes), there is no need to reserve any clusters. Space
estimates for writing are exact, hole punching doesn't need new
metadata, and there are no unwritten extents to convert.

This fixes a problem when filesystem still having some free space when
accessed with a native ext2/3 driver suddently reports ENOSPC when
accessed with ext4 driver.
Reported-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Tested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Reviewed-by: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

That thing should be del_timer_sync(); consider what happens
if ext4_put_super() call of del_timer() happens to come just as it's
getting run on another CPU.  Since that timer reschedules itself
to run next day, you are pretty much guaranteed that you'll end up
with kfree'd scheduled timer, with usual fun consequences.  AFAICS,
that's -stable fodder all way back to 2010... [the second del_timer_sync()
is almost certainly not needed, but it doesn't hurt either]
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

A corrupted ext4 may have out of order leaf extents, i.e.

extent: lblk 0--1023, len 1024, pblk 9217, flags: LEAF UNINIT
extent: lblk 1000--2047, len 1024, pblk 10241, flags: LEAF UNINIT
             ^^^^ overlap with previous extent

Reading such extent could hit BUG_ON() in ext4_es_cache_extent().

	BUG_ON(end < lblk);

The problem is that __read_extent_tree_block() tries to cache holes as
well but assumes 'lblk' is greater than 'prev' and passes underflowed
length to ext4_es_cache_extent(). Fix it by checking for overlapping
extents in ext4_valid_extent_entries().

I hit this when fuzz testing ext4, and am able to reproduce it by
modifying the on-disk extent by hand.

Also add the check for (ee_block + len - 1) in ext4_valid_extent() to
make sure the value is not overflow.

Ran xfstests on patched ext4 and no regression.

Cc: Lukáš Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eryu Guan <guaneryu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

ext4_mb_put_pa should hold pa->pa_lock before accessing pa->pa_count.
While ext4_mb_use_preallocated checks pa->pa_deleted first and then
increments pa->count later, ext4_mb_put_pa decrements pa->pa_count
before holding pa->pa_lock and then sets pa->pa_deleted.

* Free sequence
ext4_mb_put_pa (1):		atomic_dec_and_test pa->pa_count
ext4_mb_put_pa (2):		lock pa->pa_lock
ext4_mb_put_pa (3):			check pa->pa_deleted
ext4_mb_put_pa (4):			set pa->pa_deleted=1
ext4_mb_put_pa (5):		unlock pa->pa_lock
ext4_mb_put_pa (6):		remove pa from a list
ext4_mb_pa_callback:		free pa

* Use sequence
ext4_mb_use_preallocated (1):	iterate over preallocation
ext4_mb_use_preallocated (2):	lock pa->pa_lock
ext4_mb_use_preallocated (3):		check pa->pa_deleted
ext4_mb_use_preallocated (4):		increase pa->pa_count
ext4_mb_use_preallocated (5):	unlock pa->pa_lock
ext4_mb_release_context:	access pa

* Use-after-free sequence
[initial status]		<pa->pa_deleted = 0, pa_count = 1>
ext4_mb_use_preallocated (1):	iterate over preallocation
ext4_mb_use_preallocated (2):	lock pa->pa_lock
ext4_mb_use_preallocated (3):		check pa->pa_deleted
ext4_mb_put_pa (1):		atomic_dec_and_test pa->pa_count
[pa_count decremented]		<pa->pa_deleted = 0, pa_count = 0>
ext4_mb_use_preallocated (4):		increase pa->pa_count
[pa_count incremented]		<pa->pa_deleted = 0, pa_count = 1>
ext4_mb_use_preallocated (5):	unlock pa->pa_lock
ext4_mb_put_pa (2):		lock pa->pa_lock
ext4_mb_put_pa (3):			check pa->pa_deleted
ext4_mb_put_pa (4):			set pa->pa_deleted=1
[race condition!]		<pa->pa_deleted = 1, pa_count = 1>
ext4_mb_put_pa (5):		unlock pa->pa_lock
ext4_mb_put_pa (6):		remove pa from a list
ext4_mb_pa_callback:		free pa
ext4_mb_release_context:	access pa

AddressSanitizer has detected use-after-free in ext4_mb_new_blocks
Bug report: http://goo.gl/rG1On3Signed-off-by: Junho Ryu <jayr@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

While it's true that errors can only happen if there is a bug in
jbd2_journal_dirty_metadata(), if a bug does happen, we need to halt
the kernel or remount the file system read-only in order to avoid
further data loss.  The ext4_journal_abort_handle() function doesn't
do any of this, and while it's likely that this call (since it doesn't
adjust refcounts) will likely result in the file system eventually
deadlocking since the current transaction will never be able to close,
it's much cleaner to call let ext4's error handling system deal with
this situation.

There's a separate bug here which is that if certain jbd2 errors
errors occur and file system is mounted errors=continue, the file
system will probably eventually end grind to a halt as described
above.  But things have been this way in a long time, and usually when
we have these sorts of errors it's pretty much a disaster --- and
that's why the jbd2 layer aggressively retries memory allocations,
which is the most likely cause of these jbd2 errors.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

Pull ARM64 fixes from Catalin Marinas:
 - Remove preempt_count modifications in the arm64 IRQ handling code
   since that's already dealt with in generic irq_enter/irq_exit
 - PTE_PROT_NONE bit moved higher up to avoid overlapping with the
   hardware bits (for PROT_NONE mappings which are pte_present)
 - Big-endian fixes for ptrace support
 - Asynchronous aborts unmasking while in the kernel
 - pgprot_writecombine() change to create Normal NonCacheable memory
   rather than Device GRE

* tag 'arm64-stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cmarinas/linux-aarch64:
  arm64: Move PTE_PROT_NONE higher up
  arm64: Use Normal NonCacheable memory for writecombine
  arm64: debug: make aarch32 bkpt checking endian clean
  arm64: ptrace: fix compat registes get/set to be endian clean
  arm64: Unmask asynchronous aborts when in kernel mode
  arm64: dts: Reserve the memory used for secondary CPU release address
  arm64: let the core code deal with preempt_count

Pull s390 updates from Martin Schwidefsky:
 "One performance improvement and a few bug fixes.  Two of the fixes
  deal with the clock related problems we have seen on recent kernels"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux:
  s390/mm: handle asce-type exceptions as normal page fault
  s390,time: revert direct ktime path for s390 clockevent device
  s390/time,vdso: convert to the new update_vsyscall interface
  s390/uaccess: add missing page table walk range check
  s390/mm: optimize copy_page
  s390/dasd: validate request size before building CCW/TCW request
  s390/signal: always restore saved runtime instrumentation psw bit

Pull i2c fixes from Wolfram Sang:
 "Some easy but needed fixes for i2c drivers since rc1"

* 'i2c/for-current' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wsa/linux:
  i2c: bcm2835: Linking platform nodes to adapter nodes
  i2c: omap: raw read and write endian fix
  i2c: i2c-bcm-kona: Fix module build
  i2c: i2c-diolan-u2c: different usb endpoints for DLN-2-U2C
  i2c: bcm-kona: remove duplicated include
  i2c: davinci: raw read and write endian fix

Pull workqueue fixes from Tejun Heo:
 "This contains one important fix.  The NUMA support added a while back
  broke ordering guarantees on ordered workqueues.  It was enforced by
  having single frontend interface with @max_active == 1 but the NUMA
  support puts multiple interfaces on unbound workqueues on NUMA
  machines thus breaking the ordered guarantee.  This is fixed by
  disabling NUMA support on ordered workqueues.

  The above and a couple other patches were sitting in for-3.12-fixes
  but I forgot to push that out, so they ended up waiting a bit too
  long.  My aplogies.

  Other fixes are minor"

* 'for-3.13-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq:
  workqueue: fix pool ID allocation leakage and remove BUILD_BUG_ON() in init_workqueues
  workqueue: fix comment typo for __queue_work()
  workqueue: fix ordered workqueues in NUMA setups
  workqueue: swap set_cpus_allowed_ptr() and PF_NO_SETAFFINITY

Pull libata fixes from Tejun Heo:
 "libata device removal path was removing parent device node before its
  child, which is mostly harmless but triggers warning after recent
  sysfs changes.  Rafael's patch fixes the order.

  Other than that, minor controller-specific fixes and device ID
  additions"

* 'for-3.13-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/libata:
  ATA: Fix port removal ordering
  ahci: add Marvell 9230 to the AHCI PCI device list
  ata: fix acpi_bus_get_device() return value check
  pata_arasan_cf: add missing clk_disable_unprepare() on error path
  ahci: add support for IBM Akebono platform device

Pull cgroup fixes from Tejun Heo:
 "Fixes for three issues.

   - cgroup destruction path could swamp system_wq possibly leading to
     deadlock.  This actually seems to happen in the wild with memcg
     because memcg destruction path adds nested dependency on system_wq.

     Resolved by isolating cgroup destruction work items on its
     dedicated workqueue.

   - Possible locking context deadlock through seqcount reported by
     lockdep

   - Memory leak under certain conditions"

* 'for-3.13-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
  cgroup: fix cgroup_subsys_state leak for seq_files
  cpuset: Fix memory allocator deadlock
  cgroup: use a dedicated workqueue for cgroup destruction

Pull sound fixes from Takashi Iwai:
 "Quite a few HD-Audio fixes, a WUSB audio fix and a fix for FireWire
  audio.  The HD-audio part contains a couple of fixes for the generic
  parser, and these are the only intrusive fixes.  The rest are mostly
  device-specific fixes"

* tag 'sound-3.13-rc2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound:
  ALSA: hda - Add LFE chmap to ASUS ET2700
  ALSA: hda - Initialize missing bass speaker pin for ASUS AIO ET2700
  ALSA: hda - limit mic boost on Asus UX31[A,E]
  ALSA: hda - Check leaf nodes to find aamix amps
  ALSA: hda - Fix hp-mic mode without VREF bits
  ALSA: hda - Create Headhpone Mic Jack Mode when really needed
  ALSA: usb: use multiple packets per urb for Wireless USB inbound audio
  ALSA: hda - Enable mute/mic-mute LEDs for more Thinkpads with Conexant codec
  ALSA: hda - Drop bus->avoid_link_reset flag
  ALSA: hda/realtek - Set pcbeep amp for ALC668
  ALSA: hda/realtek - Add support of ALC231 codec
  ALSA: firewire-lib: fix wrong value for FDF field as an empty packet

Pull vfs dentry reference count fix from Al Viro.

This fixes a possible inode_permission NULL pointer dereference (and
other problems) that were due to the root dentry count being decremented
too much.  In commit 48a066e7 ("RCU'd vfsmounts") the placement of
clearing the LOOKUP_RCU bit changed, and we then returned failure of
incrementing the lockref on the parent dentry with LOOKUP_RCU cleared.

But that meant we needed to go through the same cleanup routines that
the later failures did wrt LOOKUP_ROOT and nd->root.

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  fix bogus path_put() of nd->root after some unlazy_walk() failures

Pull drm qxl leak fix from Dave Airlie:
 "As usual 5 mins after I send a trivial pull fix I find a real bug!

  This fixes a memory leak and I'd like to get it into stable queue
  asap"

* 'drm-fixes' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux:
  drm/qxl: fix memory leak in release list handling

PTE_PROT_NONE means that a pte is present but does not have any
read/write attributes. However, setting the memory type like
pgprot_writecombine() is allowed and such bits overlap with
PTE_PROT_NONE. This causes mmap/munmap issues in drivers that change the
vma->vm_pg_prot on PROT_NONE mappings.

This patch reverts the PTE_FILE/PTE_PROT_NONE shift in commit
59911ca4 (ARM64: mm: Move PTE_PROT_NONE bit) and moves PTE_PROT_NONE
together with the other software bits.
Signed-off-by: Steve Capper <steve.capper@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Tested-by: Steve Capper <steve.capper@linaro.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.11+

This provides better performance compared to Device GRE and also allows
unaligned accesses. Such memory is intended to be used with standard RAM
(e.g. framebuffers) and not I/O.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>

Failure to grab reference to parent dentry should go through the
same cleanup as nd->seq mismatch.  As it is, we might end up with
caller thinking it needs to path_put() nd->root, with obvious
nasty results once we'd hit that bug enough times to drive the
refcount of root dentry all the way to zero...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

wow no idea how I got this far without seeing this,
leaking the entries in the list makes kmalloc-64 slab grow.

References: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=65121
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Matthew Stapleton <matthew4196@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>

The current breakpoint instruction checking code for A32 is not endian
clean. Fix this with appropriate byte-swapping when retrieving
instructions.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Leach <matthew.leach@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>

On a BE system the wrong half of the X registers is retrieved/written
when attempting to get/set the value of aarch32 registers through
ptrace.

Ensure that types are the correct width so that the relevant
casting occurs.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Leach <matthew.leach@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>

Pull GPIO fixes from Linus Walleij:
 "Here us a bunch of patches for the v3.13 series.  Most important stuff
  is related to fixes and documentation for the new GPIO descriptor API.
  If the diffstat is scary you'll notice most of it is to
  Documentation/*:

   - A big slew of documentation for the gpiod transition that happened
     in the merge window, no semantic effect, but we should provide
     proper documentation with the new API.

   - Fix flags related to the new API.

   - Fix to the find_chip_by_name() lookup function related to the new
     API.

   - Fix of_find_gpio() when not using device tree.

   - Bug fix for the TB10x direction setting.

   - Error path fixes from Dan Carpenter.

   - Nasty IRQdomain bug relating to taking an unitialized spinlock.

   - Minor fixes here and there"

* tag 'gpio-v3.13-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-gpio:
  gpio: bcm281xx: Fix return value of bcm_kona_gpio_get()
  gpio: pl061: move irqdomain initialization
  gpio: ucb1400: Add MODULE_ALIAS
  gpiolib: fix of_find_gpio() when OF not defined
  gpio: fix memory leak in error path
  gpio: rcar: NULL dereference on error in probe()
  gpio: msm: make msm_gpio.summary_irq signed for error handling
  gpio: mvebu: make mvchip->irqbase signed for error handling
  gpiolib: use dedicated flags for GPIO properties
  gpiolib: fix find_chip_by_name()
  Documentation: gpiolib: document new interface
  gpio: tb10x: Set output value before setting direction to output

Pull md fixes from Neil Brown:
 "Three bug fixes for md in 3.13-rc

  All recent regressions, one in 3.12 so marked for -stable"

* tag 'md/3.13-fixes' of git://neil.brown.name/md:
  md/raid5: fix newly-broken locking in get_active_stripe.
  md: test mddev->flags more safely in md_check_recovery.
  md/raid5: fix new memory-reference bug in alloc_thread_groups.

Pull cifs fixes from Steve French:
 "SMB3 "validate negotiate" is needed to prevent certain types of
  downgrade attacks.

  Also changes SMB2/SMB3 copy offload from using the BTRFS copy ioctl
  (BTRFS_IOC_CLONE) to a cifs specific ioctl (CIFS_IOC_COPYCHUNK_FILE)
  to address Christoph's comment that there are semantic differences
  between requesting copy offload in which copy-on-write is mandatory
  (as in the BTRFS ioctl) and optional in the SMB2/SMB3 case.  Also
  fixes SMB2/SMB3 copychunk for large files"

* 'for-next' of git://git.samba.org/sfrench/cifs-2.6:
  [CIFS] Do not use btrfs refcopy ioctl for SMB2 copy offload
  Check SMB3 dialects against downgrade attacks
  Removed duplicated (and unneeded) goto
  CIFS: Fix SMB2/SMB3 Copy offload support (refcopy) for large files

The init_kernel_text() and core_kernel_text() functions should not
include the labels _einittext and _etext when checking if an address is
inside the .text or .init sections.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

As the previous commit 1f0bbf03 added the pin config for the bass
speaker, this patch adds the corresponding LFE-only channel map on
ASUS ET2700.

Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=65961Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Add a fixup entry for the missing bass speaker pin 0x16 on ASUS ET2700
AiO desktop.  The channel map will be added in the next patch, so that
this can be backported easily to stable kernels.

Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=65961
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>