- 06 Jun, 2016 1 commit
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Paul Moore authored
It seems risky to always rely on the caller to ensure the socket's address family is correct before passing it to the NetLabel kAPI, especially since we see at least one LSM which didn't. Add address family checks to the *_delattr() functions to help prevent future problems. Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Reported-by: Maninder Singh <maninder1.s@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
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- 31 May, 2016 1 commit
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Stephen Smalley authored
The current bounds checking of both source and target types requires allowing any domain that has access to the child domain to also have the same permissions to the parent, which is undesirable. Drop the target bounds checking. KaiGai Kohei originally removed all use of target bounds in commit 7d52a155 ("selinux: remove dead code in type_attribute_bounds_av()") but this was reverted in commit 2ae3ba39 ("selinux: libsepol: remove dead code in check_avtab_hierarchy_callback()") because it would have required explicitly allowing the parent any permissions to the child that the child is allowed to itself. This change in contrast retains the logic for the case where both source and target types are bounded, thereby allowing access if the parent of the source is allowed the corresponding permissions to the parent of the target. Further, this change reworks the logic such that we only perform a single computation for each case and there is no ambiguity as to how to resolve a bounds violation. Under the new logic, if the source type and target types are both bounded, then the parent of the source type must be allowed the same permissions to the parent of the target type. If only the source type is bounded, then the parent of the source type must be allowed the same permissions to the target type. Examples of the new logic and comparisons with the old logic: 1. If we have: typebounds A B; then: allow B self:process <permissions>; will satisfy the bounds constraint iff: allow A self:process <permissions>; is also allowed in policy. Under the old logic, the allow rule on B satisfies the bounds constraint if any of the following three are allowed: allow A B:process <permissions>; or allow B A:process <permissions>; or allow A self:process <permissions>; However, either of the first two ultimately require the third to satisfy the bounds constraint under the old logic, and therefore this degenerates to the same result (but is more efficient - we only need to perform one compute_av call). 2. If we have: typebounds A B; typebounds A_exec B_exec; then: allow B B_exec:file <permissions>; will satisfy the bounds constraint iff: allow A A_exec:file <permissions>; is also allowed in policy. This is essentially the same as #1; it is merely included as an example of dealing with object types related to a bounded domain in a manner that satisfies the bounds relationship. Note that this approach is preferable to leaving B_exec unbounded and having: allow A B_exec:file <permissions>; in policy because that would allow B's entrypoints to be used to enter A. Similarly for _tmp or other related types. 3. If we have: typebounds A B; and an unbounded type T, then: allow B T:file <permissions>; will satisfy the bounds constraint iff: allow A T:file <permissions>; is allowed in policy. The old logic would have been identical for this example. 4. If we have: typebounds A B; and an unbounded domain D, then: allow D B:unix_stream_socket <permissions>; is not subject to any bounds constraints under the new logic because D is not bounded. This is desirable so that we can allow a domain to e.g. connectto a child domain without having to allow it to do the same to its parent. The old logic would have required: allow D A:unix_stream_socket <permissions>; to also be allowed in policy. Signed-off-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> [PM: re-wrapped description to appease checkpatch.pl] Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
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- 17 May, 2016 1 commit
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Kees Cook authored
Instead of being enabled by default when SECURITY_LOADPIN is selected, provide an additional (default off) config to determine the boot time behavior. As before, the "loadpin.enabled=0/1" kernel parameter remains available. Suggested-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
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- 05 May, 2016 2 commits
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James Morris authored
Merge tag 'keys-next-20160505' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-fs into next
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- 04 May, 2016 3 commits
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Sasha Levin authored
Access reporting often happens from atomic contexes. Avoid lockups when allocating memory for command lines. Fixes: 8a56038c ("Yama: consolidate error reporting") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
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Mickaël Salaün authored
Drop accidentally repeated word in comment. Signed-off-by: Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
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David Howells authored
Here's a set of patches that changes how certificates/keys are determined to be trusted. That's currently a two-step process: (1) Up until recently, when an X.509 certificate was parsed - no matter the source - it was judged against the keys in .system_keyring, assuming those keys to be trusted if they have KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED set upon them. This has just been changed such that any key in the .ima_mok keyring, if configured, may also be used to judge the trustworthiness of a new certificate, whether or not the .ima_mok keyring is meant to be consulted for whatever process is being undertaken. If a certificate is determined to be trustworthy, KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED will be set upon a key it is loaded into (if it is loaded into one), no matter what the key is going to be loaded for. (2) If an X.509 certificate is loaded into a key, then that key - if KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED gets set upon it - can be linked into any keyring with KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED_ONLY set upon it. This was meant to be the system keyring only, but has been extended to various IMA keyrings. A user can at will link any key marked KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED into any keyring marked KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED_ONLY if the relevant permissions masks permit it. These patches change that: (1) Trust becomes a matter of consulting the ring of trusted keys supplied when the trust is evaluated only. (2) Every keyring can be supplied with its own manager function to restrict what may be added to that keyring. This is called whenever a key is to be linked into the keyring to guard against a key being created in one keyring and then linked across. This function is supplied with the keyring and the key type and payload[*] of the key being linked in for use in its evaluation. It is permitted to use other data also, such as the contents of other keyrings such as the system keyrings. [*] The type and payload are supplied instead of a key because as an optimisation this function may be called whilst creating a key and so may reject the proposed key between preparse and allocation. (3) A default manager function is provided that permits keys to be restricted to only asymmetric keys that are vouched for by the contents of the system keyring. A second manager function is provided that just rejects with EPERM. (4) A key allocation flag, KEY_ALLOC_BYPASS_RESTRICTION, is made available so that the kernel can initialise keyrings with keys that form the root of the trust relationship. (5) KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED and KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED_ONLY are removed, along with key_preparsed_payload::trusted. This change also makes it possible in future for userspace to create a private set of trusted keys and then to have it sealed by setting a manager function where the private set is wholly independent of the kernel's trust relationships. Further changes in the set involve extracting certain IMA special keyrings and making them generally global: (*) .system_keyring is renamed to .builtin_trusted_keys and remains read only. It carries only keys built in to the kernel. It may be where UEFI keys should be loaded - though that could better be the new secondary keyring (see below) or a separate UEFI keyring. (*) An optional secondary system keyring (called .secondary_trusted_keys) is added to replace the IMA MOK keyring. (*) Keys can be added to the secondary keyring by root if the keys can be vouched for by either ring of system keys. (*) Module signing and kexec only use .builtin_trusted_keys and do not use the new secondary keyring. (*) Config option SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS now depends on ASYMMETRIC_KEY_TYPE as that's the only type currently permitted on the system keyrings. (*) A new config option, IMA_KEYRINGS_PERMIT_SIGNED_BY_BUILTIN_OR_SECONDARY, is provided to allow keys to be added to IMA keyrings, subject to the restriction that such keys are validly signed by a key already in the system keyrings. If this option is enabled, but secondary keyrings aren't, additions to the IMA keyrings will be restricted to signatures verifiable by keys in the builtin system keyring only. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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- 01 May, 2016 3 commits
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Mimi Zohar authored
Commit 3034a146 "ima: pass 'opened' flag to identify newly created files" stopped identifying empty files as new files. However new empty files can be created using the mknodat syscall. On systems with IMA-appraisal enabled, these empty files are not labeled with security.ima extended attributes properly, preventing them from subsequently being opened in order to write the file data contents. This patch defines a new hook named ima_post_path_mknod() to mark these empty files, created using mknodat, as new in order to allow the file data contents to be written. In addition, files with security.ima xattrs containing a file signature are considered "immutable" and can not be modified. The file contents need to be written, before signing the file. This patch relaxes this requirement for new files, allowing the file signature to be written before the file contents. Changelog: - defer identifying files with signatures stored as security.ima (based on Dmitry Rozhkov's comments) - removing tests (eg. dentry, dentry->d_inode, inode->i_size == 0) (based on Al's review) Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Al Viro <<viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Tested-by: Dmitry Rozhkov <dmitry.rozhkov@linux.intel.com>
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Mimi Zohar authored
Changing file metadata (eg. uid, guid) could result in having to re-appraise a file's integrity, but does not change the "new file" status nor the security.ima xattr. The IMA_PERMIT_DIRECTIO and IMA_DIGSIG_REQUIRED flags are policy rule specific. This patch only resets these flags, not the IMA_NEW_FILE or IMA_DIGSIG flags. With this patch, changing the file timestamp will not remove the file signature on new files. Reported-by: Dmitry Rozhkov <dmitry.rozhkov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested-by: Dmitry Rozhkov <dmitry.rozhkov@linux.intel.com>
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Dmitry Kasatkin authored
This patch is based on top of the "vfs: support for a common kernel file loader" patch set. In general when the kernel is reading a file into memory it does not want anything else writing to it. The kernel currently only forbids write access to a file being executed. This patch extends this locking to files being read by the kernel. Changelog: - moved function to kernel_read_file() - Mimi - updated patch description - Mimi Signed-off-by: Dmitry Kasatkin <dmitry.kasatkin@huawei.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
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- 27 Apr, 2016 1 commit
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Kees Cook authored
When I was fixing up const recommendations from checkpatch.pl, I went overboard. This fixes the warning (during a W=1 build): include/linux/fs.h:2627:74: warning: type qualifiers ignored on function return type [-Wignored-qualifiers] static inline const char * const kernel_read_file_id_str(enum kernel_read_file_id id) Reported-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
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- 26 Apr, 2016 2 commits
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Stephen Smalley authored
The execstack check was only being applied on the main process stack. Thread stacks allocated via mmap were only subject to the execmem permission check. Augment the check to apply to the current thread stack as well. Note that this does NOT prevent making a different thread's stack executable. Suggested-by: Nick Kralevich <nnk@google.com> Acked-by: Nick Kralevich <nnk@google.com> Signed-off-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
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Stephen Smalley authored
Distinguish capability checks against a target associated with the init user namespace versus capability checks against a target associated with a non-init user namespace by defining and using separate security classes for the latter. This is needed to support e.g. Chrome usage of user namespaces for the Chrome sandbox without needing to allow Chrome to also exercise capabilities on targets in the init user namespace. Suggested-by: Dan Walsh <dwalsh@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
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- 21 Apr, 2016 6 commits
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Kees Cook authored
This LSM enforces that kernel-loaded files (modules, firmware, etc) must all come from the same filesystem, with the expectation that such a filesystem is backed by a read-only device such as dm-verity or CDROM. This allows systems that have a verified and/or unchangeable filesystem to enforce module and firmware loading restrictions without needing to sign the files individually. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
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Mimi Zohar authored
A string representation of the kernel_read_file_id enumeration is needed for displaying messages (eg. pr_info, auditing) that can be used by multiple LSMs and the integrity subsystem. To simplify keeping the list of strings up to date with the enumeration, this patch defines two new preprocessing macros named __fid_enumify and __fid_stringify to create the enumeration and an array of strings. kernel_read_file_id_str() returns a string based on the enumeration. Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> [kees: removed removal of my old version, constified pointer values] Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
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Kees Cook authored
Use a common error reporting function for Yama violation reports, and give more detail into the process command lines. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
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Kees Cook authored
Allocate a NULL-terminated file path with special characters escaped, safe for logging. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
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Kees Cook authored
Provide an escaped (but readable: no inter-argument NULLs) commandline safe for logging. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
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Kees Cook authored
Handle allocating and escaping a string safe for logging. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
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- 19 Apr, 2016 3 commits
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Paul Moore authored
There is no point in trying to revalidate an inode's security label if the security server is not yet initialized. Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
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Paul Moore authored
Since looking up an inode's label can result in revalidation, delay the lookup as long as possible to limit the performance impact. Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
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Paul Moore authored
There is no point in attempting to revalidate an inode's security label when we are in the process of setting it. Reported-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
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- 14 Apr, 2016 1 commit
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Prarit Bhargava authored
security_get_bool_value(int bool) argument "bool" conflicts with in-kernel macros such as BUILD_BUG(). This patch changes this to index which isn't a type. Cc: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com> Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@parisplace.org> Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com> Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com> Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Andrew Perepechko <anserper@ya.ru> Cc: Jeff Vander Stoep <jeffv@google.com> Cc: selinux@tycho.nsa.gov Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> [PM: wrapped description for checkpatch.pl, use "selinux:..." as subj] Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
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- 12 Apr, 2016 6 commits
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David Howells authored
These commits do the following: (1) Retain a signature in an asymmetric-type key and associate with it the identifiers that will match a key that can be used to verify it. (2) Differentiate an X.509 cert that cannot be used versus one that cannot be verified due to unavailable crypto. This is noted in the structures involved. (3) Determination of the self-signedness of an X.509 cert is improved to include checks on the subject/issuer names and the key algorithm/signature algorithm types. (4) Self-signed X.509 certificates are consistency checked early on if the appropriate crypto is available. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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David Howells authored
Miscellaneous keyrings changes. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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Mat Martineau authored
This adds userspace access to Diffie-Hellman computations through a new keyctl() syscall command to calculate shared secrets or public keys using input parameters stored in the keyring. Input key ids are provided in a struct due to the current 5-arg limit for the keyctl syscall. Only user keys are supported in order to avoid exposing the content of logon or encrypted keys. The output is written to the provided buffer, based on the assumption that the values are only needed in userspace. Future support for other types of key derivation would involve a new command, like KEYCTL_ECDH_COMPUTE. Once Diffie-Hellman support is included in the crypto API, this code can be converted to use the crypto API to take advantage of possible hardware acceleration and reduce redundant code. Signed-off-by: Mat Martineau <mathew.j.martineau@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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Kirill Marinushkin authored
Solved TODO task: big keys saved to shmem file are now stored encrypted. The encryption key is randomly generated and saved to payload[big_key_data]. Signed-off-by: Kirill Marinushkin <k.marinushkin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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David Howells authored
The payload preparsing routine for user keys makes a copy of the payload provided by the caller and stashes it in the key_preparsed_payload struct for ->instantiate() or ->update() to use. However, ->update() takes another copy of this to attach to the keyring. ->update() should be using this directly and clearing the pointer in the preparse data. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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Andreas Ziegler authored
Commit d43de6c7 ("akcipher: Move the RSA DER encoding check to the crypto layer") removed the Kconfig option PUBLIC_KEY_ALGO_RSA, but forgot to remove a 'select' to this option in the definition of INTEGRITY_ASYMMETRIC_KEYS. Let's remove the select, as it's ineffective now. Signed-off-by: Andreas Ziegler <andreas.ziegler@fau.de> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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- 11 Apr, 2016 10 commits
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David Howells authored
Add a config option (IMA_KEYRINGS_PERMIT_SIGNED_BY_BUILTIN_OR_SECONDARY) that, when enabled, allows keys to be added to the IMA keyrings by userspace - with the restriction that each must be signed by a key in the system trusted keyrings. EPERM will be returned if this option is disabled, ENOKEY will be returned if no authoritative key can be found and EKEYREJECTED will be returned if the signature doesn't match. Other errors such as ENOPKG may also be returned. If this new option is enabled, the builtin system keyring is searched, as is the secondary system keyring if that is also enabled. Intermediate keys between the builtin system keyring and the key being added can be added to the secondary keyring (which replaces .ima_mok) to form a trust chain - provided they are also validly signed by a key in one of the trusted keyrings. The .ima_mok keyring is then removed and the IMA blacklist keyring gets its own config option (IMA_BLACKLIST_KEYRING). Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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David Howells authored
Add a secondary system keyring that can be added to by root whilst the system is running - provided the key being added is vouched for by a key built into the kernel or already added to the secondary keyring. Rename .system_keyring to .builtin_trusted_keys to distinguish it more obviously from the new keyring (called .secondary_trusted_keys). The new keyring needs to be enabled with CONFIG_SECONDARY_TRUSTED_KEYRING. If the secondary keyring is enabled, a link is created from that to .builtin_trusted_keys so that the the latter will automatically be searched too if the secondary keyring is searched. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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David Howells authored
Remove KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED and KEY_ALLOC_TRUSTED as they're no longer meaningful. Also we can drop the trusted flag from the preparse structure. Given this, we no longer need to pass the key flags through to restrict_link(). Further, we can now get rid of keyring_restrict_trusted_only() also. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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David Howells authored
Move the point at which a key is determined to be trustworthy to __key_link() so that we use the contents of the keyring being linked in to to determine whether the key being linked in is trusted or not. What is 'trusted' then becomes a matter of what's in the keyring. Currently, the test is done when the key is parsed, but given that at that point we can only sensibly refer to the contents of the system trusted keyring, we can only use that as the basis for working out the trustworthiness of a new key. With this change, a trusted keyring is a set of keys that once the trusted-only flag is set cannot be added to except by verification through one of the contained keys. Further, adding a key into a trusted keyring, whilst it might grant trustworthiness in the context of that keyring, does not automatically grant trustworthiness in the context of a second keyring to which it could be secondarily linked. To accomplish this, the authentication data associated with the key source must now be retained. For an X.509 cert, this means the contents of the AuthorityKeyIdentifier and the signature data. If system keyrings are disabled then restrict_link_by_builtin_trusted() resolves to restrict_link_reject(). The integrity digital signature code still works correctly with this as it was previously using KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED_ONLY, which doesn't permit anything to be added if there is no system keyring against which trust can be determined. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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David Howells authored
Make the system trusted keyring depend on the asymmetric key type as there's not a lot of point having it if you can't then load asymmetric keys onto it. This requires the ASYMMETRIC_KEY_TYPE to be made a bool, not a tristate, as the Kconfig language doesn't then correctly force ASYMMETRIC_KEY_TYPE to 'y' rather than 'm' if SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING is 'y'. Making SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING *select* ASYMMETRIC_KEY_TYPE instead doesn't work as the Kconfig interpreter then wrongly complains about dependency loops. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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David Howells authored
Move the X.509 trust validation code out to its own file so that it can be generalised. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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David Howells authored
We should call verify_signature() rather than directly calling public_key_verify_signature() if we have a struct key to use as we shouldn't be poking around in the private data of the key struct as that's subtype dependent. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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David Howells authored
Generalise x509_request_asymmetric_key(). It doesn't really have any dependencies on X.509 features as it uses generalised IDs and the public_key structs that contain data extracted from X.509. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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David Howells authored
Move x509_request_asymmetric_key() to asymmetric_type.c so that it can be generalised. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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David Howells authored
Add a facility whereby proposed new links to be added to a keyring can be vetted, permitting them to be rejected if necessary. This can be used to block public keys from which the signature cannot be verified or for which the signature verification fails. It could also be used to provide blacklisting. This affects operations like add_key(), KEYCTL_LINK and KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE. To this end: (1) A function pointer is added to the key struct that, if set, points to the vetting function. This is called as: int (*restrict_link)(struct key *keyring, const struct key_type *key_type, unsigned long key_flags, const union key_payload *key_payload), where 'keyring' will be the keyring being added to, key_type and key_payload will describe the key being added and key_flags[*] can be AND'ed with KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED. [*] This parameter will be removed in a later patch when KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED is removed. The function should return 0 to allow the link to take place or an error (typically -ENOKEY, -ENOPKG or -EKEYREJECTED) to reject the link. The pointer should not be set directly, but rather should be set through keyring_alloc(). Note that if called during add_key(), preparse is called before this method, but a key isn't actually allocated until after this function is called. (2) KEY_ALLOC_BYPASS_RESTRICTION is added. This can be passed to key_create_or_update() or key_instantiate_and_link() to bypass the restriction check. (3) KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED_ONLY is removed. The entire contents of a keyring with this restriction emplaced can be considered 'trustworthy' by virtue of being in the keyring when that keyring is consulted. (4) key_alloc() and keyring_alloc() take an extra argument that will be used to set restrict_link in the new key. This ensures that the pointer is set before the key is published, thus preventing a window of unrestrictedness. Normally this argument will be NULL. (5) As a temporary affair, keyring_restrict_trusted_only() is added. It should be passed to keyring_alloc() as the extra argument instead of setting KEY_FLAG_TRUSTED_ONLY on a keyring. This will be replaced in a later patch with functions that look in the appropriate places for authoritative keys. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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