- 15 Jan, 2016 40 commits
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Christoph Lameter authored
Currently the vmstat updater is not deferrable as a result of commit ba4877b9 ("vmstat: do not use deferrable delayed work for vmstat_update"). This in turn can cause multiple interruptions of the applications because the vmstat updater may run at Make vmstate_update deferrable again and provide a function that folds the differentials when the processor is going to idle mode thus addressing the issue of the above commit in a clean way. Note that the shepherd thread will continue scanning the differentials from another processor and will reenable the vmstat workers if it detects any changes. Fixes: ba4877b9 ("vmstat: do not use deferrable delayed work for vmstat_update") Signed-off-by:
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Hugh Dickins authored
A CONFIG_MEMCG=y kernel booted with "cgroup_disable=memory" crashes on a NULL memcg (but non-NULL root_mem_cgroup) when vmpressure kicks in. Here's the patch I use to avoid that, but you might prefer a test on mem_cgroup_disabled() somewhere. Signed-off-by:
Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Acked-by:
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
According to <linux/jump_label.h> the direct use of struct static_key is deprecated. Update the socket and slab accounting code accordingly. Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Reported-by:
Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com> Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
Let the networking stack know when a memcg is under reclaim pressure so that it can clamp its transmit windows accordingly. Whenever the reclaim efficiency of a cgroup's LRU lists drops low enough for a MEDIUM or HIGH vmpressure event to occur, assert a pressure state in the socket and tcp memory code that tells it to curb consumption growth from sockets associated with said control group. Traditionally, vmpressure reports for the entire subtree of a memcg under pressure, which drops useful information on the individual groups reclaimed. However, it's too late to change the userinterface, so add a second reporting mode that reports on the level of reclaim instead of at the level of pressure, and use that report for sockets. vmpressure events are naturally edge triggered, so for hysteresis assert socket pressure for a second to allow for subsequent vmpressure events to occur before letting the socket code return to normal. This will likely need finetuning for a wider variety of workloads, but for now stick to the vmpressure presets and keep hysteresis simple. Signed-off-by:
Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
Socket memory can be a significant share of overall memory consumed by common workloads. In order to provide reasonable resource isolation in the unified hierarchy, this type of memory needs to be included in the tracking/accounting of a cgroup under active memory resource control. Overhead is only incurred when a non-root control group is created AND the memory controller is instructed to track and account the memory footprint of that group. cgroup.memory=nosocket can be specified on the boot commandline to override any runtime configuration and forcibly exclude socket memory from active memory resource control. Signed-off-by:
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
The unified hierarchy memory controller will account socket memory. Move the infrastructure functions accordingly. Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
The unified hierarchy memory controller doesn't expose the memory+swap counter to userspace, but its accounting is hardcoded in all charge paths right now, including the per-cpu charge cache ("the stock"). To avoid adding yet more pointless memory+swap accounting with the socket memory support in unified hierarchy, disable the counter altogether when in unified hierarchy mode. Signed-off-by: -
Johannes Weiner authored
The unified hierarchy memory controller is going to use this jump label as well to control the networking callbacks. Move it to the memory controller code and give it a more generic name. Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
There won't be any separate counters for socket memory consumed by protocols other than TCP in the future. Remove the indirection and link sockets directly to their owning memory cgroup. Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
There won't be a tcp control soft limit, so integrating the memcg code into the global skmem limiting scheme complicates things unnecessarily. Replace this with simple and clear charge and uncharge calls--hidden behind a jump label--to account skb memory. Note that this is not purely aesthetic: as a result of shoehorning the per-memcg code into the same memory accounting functions that handle the global level, the old code would compare the per-memcg consumption against the smaller of the per-memcg limit and the global limit. This allowed the total consumption of multiple sockets to exceed the global limit, as long as the individual sockets stayed within bounds. After this change, the code will always compare the per-memcg consumption to the per-memcg limit, and the global consumption to the global limit, and thus close this loophole. Without a soft limit, the per-memcg memory pressure state in sockets is generally questionable. However, we did it until now, so we continue to enter it when the hard limit is hit, and packets are dropped, to let other sockets in the cgroup know that they shouldn't grow their transmit windows, either. However, keep it simple in the new callback model and leave memory pressure lazily when the next packet is accepted (as opposed to doing it synchroneously when packets are processed). When packets are dropped, network performance will already be in the toilet, so that should be a reasonable trade-off. As described above, consumption is now checked on the per-memcg level and the global level separately. Likewise, memory pressure states are maintained on both the per-memcg level and the global level, and a socket is considered under pressure when either level asserts as much. Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
tcp_memcontrol replicates the global sysctl_mem limit array per cgroup, but it only ever sets these entries to the value of the memory_allocated page_counter limit. Use the latter directly. Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
The number of allocated sockets is used for calculations in the soft limit phase, where packets are accepted but the socket is under memory pressure. Since there is no soft limit phase in tcp_memcontrol, and memory pressure is only entered when packets are already dropped, this is actually dead code. Remove it. As this is the last user of parent_cg_proto(), remove that too. Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
Move the jump-label from sock_update_memcg() and sock_release_memcg() to the callsite, and so eliminate those function calls when socket accounting is not enabled. This also eliminates the need for dummy functions because the calls will be optimized away if the Kconfig options are not enabled. Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
When a cgroup currently breaches its socket memory limit, it enters memory pressure mode for itself and its *ancestors*. This throttles transmission in unrelated sibling and cousin subtrees that have nothing to do with the breached limit. On the contrary, breaching a limit should make that group and its *children* enter memory pressure mode. But this happens already, albeit lazily: if an ancestor limit is breached, siblings will enter memory pressure on their own once the next packet arrives for them. So no additional hierarchy code is needed. Remove the bogus stuff. Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
When charging socket memory, the code currently checks only the local page counter for excess to determine whether the memcg is under socket pressure. But even if the local counter is fine, one of the ancestors could have breached its limit, which should also force this child to enter socket pressure. This currently doesn't happen. Fix this by using page_counter_try_charge() first. If that fails, it means that either the local counter or one of the ancestors are in excess of their limit, and the child should enter socket pressure. Fixes: 3e32cb2e ("mm: memcontrol: lockless page counters") Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
A later patch will need this symbol in files other than memcontrol.c, so export it now and replace mem_cgroup_root_css at the same time. Signed-off-by:
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Geliang Tang authored
Use list_for_each_entry_safe() instead of list_for_each_safe() to simplify the code. Signed-off-by:
Geliang Tang <geliangtang@163.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Geliang Tang authored
list_to_page() in readahead.c is the same as lru_to_page() in vmscan.c. So I move lru_to_page to internal.h and drop list_to_page(). Signed-off-by:
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Joonsoo Kim authored
This patch uses is_via_compact_memory() to distinguish compaction from sysfs or sysctl. And, this patch also reduces indentation on compaction_defer_reset() by filtering these cases first before checking watermark. There is no functional change. Signed-off-by:
Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by:
Yaowei Bai <baiyaowei@cmss.chinamobile.com> Acked-by:
David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by:
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by:
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Geliang Tang authored
To make the intention clearer, use list_{next,first}_entry instead of list_entry(). Signed-off-by: -
Alexander Kuleshov authored
We already have the for_each_memblock() macro in <linux/memblock.h> which provides ability to iterate over memblock regions of a known type. The for_each_memblock() macro allows us to pass the pointer to the struct memblock_type, instead we need to pass name of the type. This patch introduces a new macro for_each_memblock_type() which allows us iterate over memblock regions with the given type when the type is unknown. Signed-off-by:
Alexander Kuleshov <kuleshovmail@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Alexander Kuleshov authored
Remove rgnbase and rgnsize variables from memblock_overlaps_region(). We use these variables only for passing to the memblock_addrs_overlap() function and that's all. Let's remove them. Signed-off-by:
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Michal Hocko authored
__GFP_NOFAIL is a big hammer used to ensure that the allocation request can never fail. This is a strong requirement and as such it also deserves a special treatment when the system is OOM. The primary problem here is that the allocation request might have come with some locks held and the oom victim might be blocked on the same locks. This is basically an OOM deadlock situation. This patch tries to reduce the risk of such a deadlocks by giving __GFP_NOFAIL allocations a special treatment and let them dive into memory reserves after oom killer invocation. This should help them to make a progress and release resources they are holding. The OOM victim should compensate for the reserves consumption. Signed-off-by:
Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by:
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Geliang Tang authored
Use list_for_each_entry instead of list_for_each + list_entry to simplify the code. Signed-off-by:
Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by:
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Geliang Tang authored
To make the intention clearer, use list_{first,last}_entry instead of list_entry. Signed-off-by: -
Mel Gorman authored
Commit 0aaa29a5 ("mm, page_alloc: reserve pageblocks for high-order atomic allocations on demand") added an unnecessary and unused parameter to __rmqueue. It was a parameter that was used in an earlier version of the patch and then left behind. This patch cleans it up. Signed-off-by:
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Seth Jennings authored
The function removes a section, not a block. Rename to reflect actual functionality. Signed-off-by:
Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net> Cc: Andrew Banman <abanman@sgi.com> Cc: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Russ Anderson <rja@sgi.com> Signed-off-by:
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Seth Jennings authored
Right now, section_count is calculated in add_memory_block(). However, init_memory_block() increments section_count as well, which, at first, seems like it would lead to an off-by-one error. There is no harm done because add_memory_block() immediately overwrites the mem->section_count, but it is messy. This commit moves the increment out of the common init_memory_block() (called by both add_memory_block() and register_new_memory()) and adds it to register_new_memory(). Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
The MemAvailable item in /proc/meminfo is to give users a hint of how much memory is allocatable without causing swapping, so it excludes the zones' low watermarks as unavailable to userspace. However, for a userspace allocation, kswapd will actually reclaim until the free pages hit a combination of the high watermark and the page allocator's lowmem protection that keeps a certain amount of DMA and DMA32 memory from userspace as well. Subtract the full amount we know to be unavailable to userspace from the number of free pages when calculating MemAvailable. Signed-off-by:
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Johannes Weiner authored
The dirty balance reserve that dirty throttling has to consider is merely memory not available to userspace allocations. There is nothing writeback-specific about it. Generalize the name so that it's reusable outside of that context. Signed-off-by:
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Michal Hocko authored
page_cache_read has been historically using page_cache_alloc_cold to allocate a new page. This means that mapping_gfp_mask is used as the base for the gfp_mask. Many filesystems are setting this mask to GFP_NOFS to prevent from fs recursion issues. page_cache_read is called from the vm_operations_struct::fault() context during the page fault. This context doesn't need the reclaim protection normally. ceph and ocfs2 which call filemap_fault from their fault handlers seem to be OK because they are not taking any fs lock before invoking generic implementation. xfs which takes XFS_MMAPLOCK_SHARED is safe from the reclaim recursion POV because this lock serializes truncate and punch hole with the page faults and it doesn't get involved in the reclaim. There is simply no reason to deliberately use a weaker allocation context when a __GFP_FS | __GFP_IO can be used. The GFP_NOFS protection might be even harmful. There is a push to fail GFP_NOFS allocations rather than loop within allocator indefinitely with a very limited reclaim ability. Once we start failing those requests the OOM killer might be triggered prematurely because the page cache allocation failure is propagated up the page fault path and end up in pagefault_out_of_memory. We cannot play with mapping_gfp_mask directly because that would be racy wrt. parallel page faults and it might interfere with other users who really rely on NOFS semantic from the stored gfp_mask. The mask is also inode proper so it would even be a layering violation. What we can do instead is to push the gfp_mask into struct vm_fault and allow fs layer to overwrite it should the callback need to be called with a different allocation context. Initialize the default to (mapping_gfp_mask | __GFP_FS | __GFP_IO) because this should be safe from the page fault path normally. Why do we care about mapping_gfp_mask at all then? Because this doesn't hold only reclaim protection flags but it also might contain zone and movability restrictions (GFP_DMA32, __GFP_MOVABLE and others) so we have to respect those. Signed-off-by:
Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Acked-by:
Jan Kara <jack@suse.com> Acked-by:
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Yaowei Bai authored
sysctl_compaction_handler() is the handler function for compact_memory tunable knob under /proc/sys/vm, add the missing knob name to make this more accurate in comment. No functional change. Signed-off-by:
Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Signed-off-by:
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Daniel Cashman authored
x86: arch_mmap_rnd() uses hard-coded values, 8 for 32-bit and 28 for 64-bit, to generate the random offset for the mmap base address. This value represents a compromise between increased ASLR effectiveness and avoiding address-space fragmentation. Replace it with a Kconfig option, which is sensibly bounded, so that platform developers may choose where to place this compromise. Keep default values as new minimums. Signed-off-by:
Daniel Cashman <dcashman@google.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by:
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Mark Salyzyn <salyzyn@android.com> Cc: Jeff Vander Stoep <jeffv@google.com> Cc: Nick Kralevich <nnk@google.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Hector Marco-Gisbert <hecmargi@upv.es> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by:
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Daniel Cashman authored
arm64: arch_mmap_rnd() uses STACK_RND_MASK to generate the random offset for the mmap base address. This value represents a compromise between increased ASLR effectiveness and avoiding address-space fragmentation. Replace it with a Kconfig option, which is sensibly bounded, so that platform developers may choose where to place this compromise. Keep default values as new minimums. Signed-off-by:
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Daniel Cashman authored
arm: arch_mmap_rnd() uses a hard-code value of 8 to generate the random offset for the mmap base address. This value represents a compromise between increased ASLR effectiveness and avoiding address-space fragmentation. Replace it with a Kconfig option, which is sensibly bounded, so that platform developers may choose where to place this compromise. Keep 8 as the minimum acceptable value. [arnd@arndb.de: ARM: avoid ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS for NOMMU] Signed-off-by:
Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by:
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Daniel Cashman authored
Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) provides a barrier to exploitation of user-space processes in the presence of security vulnerabilities by making it more difficult to find desired code/data which could help an attack. This is done by adding a random offset to the location of regions in the process address space, with a greater range of potential offset values corresponding to better protection/a larger search-space for brute force, but also to greater potential for fragmentation. The offset added to the mmap_base address, which provides the basis for the majority of the mappings for a process, is set once on process exec in arch_pick_mmap_layout() and is done via hard-coded per-arch values, which reflect, hopefully, the best compromise for all systems. The trade-off between increased entropy in the offset value generation and the corresponding increased variability in address space fragmentation is not absolute, however, and some platforms may tolerate higher amounts of entropy. This patch introduces both new Kconfig values and a sysctl interface which may be used to change the amount of entropy used for offset generation on a system. The direct motivation for this change was in response to the libstagefright vulnerabilities that affected Android, specifically to information provided by Google's project zero at: http://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2015/09/stagefrightened.html The attack presented therein, by Google's project zero, specifically targeted the limited randomness used to generate the offset added to the mmap_base address in order to craft a brute-force-based attack. Concretely, the attack was against the mediaserver process, which was limited to respawning every 5 seconds, on an arm device. The hard-coded 8 bits used resulted in an average expected success rate of defeating the mmap ASLR after just over 10 minutes (128 tries at 5 seconds a piece). With this patch, and an accompanying increase in the entropy value to 16 bits, the same attack would take an average expected time of over 45 hours (32768 tries), which makes it both less feasible and more likely to be noticed. The introduced Kconfig and sysctl options are limited by per-arch minimum and maximum values, the minimum of which was chosen to match the current hard-coded value and the maximum of which was chosen so as to give the greatest flexibility without generating an invalid mmap_base address, generally a 3-4 bits less than the number of bits in the user-space accessible virtual address space. When decided whether or not to change the default value, a system developer should consider that mmap_base address could be placed anywhere up to 2^(value) bits away from the non-randomized location, which would introduce variable-sized areas above and below the mmap_base address such that the maximum vm_area_struct size may be reduced, preventing very large allocations. This patch (of 4): ASLR only uses as few as 8 bits to generate the random offset for the mmap base address on 32 bit architectures. This value was chosen to prevent a poorly chosen value from dividing the address space in such a way as to prevent large allocations. This may not be an issue on all platforms. Allow the specification of a minimum number of bits so that platforms desiring greater ASLR protection may determine where to place the trade-off. Signed-off-by:
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Piotr Kwapulinski authored
The following flag comparison in mmap_region makes no sense: if (!(vm_flags & MAP_FIXED)) return -ENOMEM; The condition is always false and thus the above "return -ENOMEM" is never executed. The vm_flags must not be compared with MAP_FIXED flag. The vm_flags may only be compared with VM_* flags. MAP_FIXED has the same value as VM_MAYREAD. Hitting the rlimit is a slow path and find_vma_intersection should realize that there is no overlapping VMA for !MAP_FIXED case pretty quickly. Signed-off-by:Piotr Kwapulinski <kwapulinski.piotr@gmail.com> Acked-by:
Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by:
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Michal Hocko authored
zone_reclaimable_pages counts how many pages are reclaimable in the given zone. This currently includes all pages on file lrus and anon lrus if there is an available swap storage. We do not consider NR_ISOLATED_{ANON,FILE} counters though which is not correct because these counters reflect temporarily isolated pages which are still reclaimable because they either get back to their LRU or get freed either by the page reclaim or page migration. The number of these pages might be sufficiently high to confuse users of zone_reclaimable_pages (e.g. mbind can migrate large ranges of memory at once). Signed-off-by: -
Andrew Morton authored
bdev_write_page() is used by swapout and by writepage where we cannot use __GFP_FS or __GFP_IO. So it is misleading to mention GFP_KERNEL here. blk_queue_enter() only actually looks at __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM, so no bugs were harmed in the making of this patch. Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com> Signed-off-by:
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Vladimir Davydov authored
There are two bits defined for cg_proto->flags - MEMCG_SOCK_ACTIVATED and MEMCG_SOCK_ACTIVE - both are set in tcp_update_limit, but the former is never cleared while the latter can be cleared by unsetting the limit. This allows to disable tcp socket accounting for new sockets after it was enabled by writing -1 to memory.kmem.tcp.limit_in_bytes while still guaranteeing that memcg_socket_limit_enabled static key will be decremented on memcg destruction. This functionality looks dubious, because it is not clear what a use case would be. By enabling tcp accounting a user accepts the price. If they then find the performance degradation unacceptable, they can always restart their workload with tcp accounting disabled. It does not seem there is any need to flip it while the workload is running. Besides, it contradicts to how kmem accounting API works: writing whatever to memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes enables kmem accounting for the cgroup in question, after which it cannot be disabled. Therefore one might expect that writing -1 to memory.kmem.tcp.limit_in_bytes just enables socket accounting w/o limiting it, which might be useful by itself, but it isn't true. Since this API peculiarity is not documented anywhere, I propose to drop it. This will allow to simplify the code by dropping cg_proto->flags. Signed-off-by:
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