This may or may not fix the APM problems, and the INITRD ones.  The
INITRD one in particular was a case of a fairly inexplicable test that
shouldn't have been there in the first place breaking when something
completely unrelated was cleaned up..

The APM breakage was simply due to it being in the wrong place.  The
patch looks bigger than it really is - it really only moves the file to
the proper directory, and makes sure that it should compile with the
standard assembler..

                Linus

I made a 117 to fix the silly things left in 116 in my excitement over it
passing all my crashtests. This should fix the things with the kernel
thinking it was out of memory much sooner than it actually was etc.

Alan still reports some funnies with unix domain sockets, but he's
reportedly fixed the behaviour of NFS over TCP. He didn't make it sound as
if you really want to use it yet, though ;)

                Linus

I just released Linux-2.1.116. I've tested it fairly extensively on my SMP
box, both with little memory and much, and I cannot make it lock up any
more.

Special thanks to Dean Gaudet who helped me set up a apache configuration
that finally made me able to repeat the lockup, and made me able to debug
the thing.

Most of the 2.1.116 patches are "just" alpha and m68k updates, and can be
ignored by most people. The bugfixes are, roughly:

 - fixed serious low-memory situation problem, where a critical resource
   allocation problem could result in nasy behaviour. Notably, doing TCP
   under low memory could result in TCP trying to allocate memory in a
   tight loop and locking out kswapd completely so that the situation
   would never be rectified. In short, the machine hung.
   This problem has been there forever, the only reason it doesn't show up
   under 2.0.x seems to be because under 2.0.x the TCP allocation was
   always for a single page, for which this situation never arises. Under
   2.1.x the slab code forced multi-page allocations.
   If you've seen lockups with 2.1.x, this may be the cause. This was what
   held up 2.1.116 for so long.
 - various minor driver updates. Networking, radio, bttv.
 - NFS over TCP still doesn't work, but at least it fails due to new
   reasons.

Alan, try your squid thing under 2.1.116. I suspect it will hold up now,

                Linus

Ok, we've been in a tentative code freeze for a long time, and now it's
final. I've made a 2.1.115 that I hope is good enough, and I won't be
accepting anything but bug-fixes until 2.2..
There are two long-standing patches that I'm still considering:

 - devfs
 - dynamic fd's

and I kind of expect that they'll go in (devfs is configurable, so if you
don't want it you don't need to care, and the dynamic fd's save some
memory and speed certain things up a bit). The reason they're not in now
is mainly that I've been trying to get everything else off my plate, and I
want to ruminate on them in peace for a while.
Bug-fixes are still (and will always be) accepted,

                Linus

thus inodes) under low-memory circumstances.  It may be _too_ aggressive
right now, but if so that just gives a good mid point to strive for.

I'd really like to hear comments about how this "feels" (and numbers
too, if you have them).  It's fairly hard for me to judge, as whenever I
run Linux on small-memory machines it always feels slower than I'm used
to, regardless of whether Linux does the right thing or not ;)

                Linus

Ok, it's out there now in all its glory...
2.1.109 does the following thing:

 - CPU detection in C code (and thus much easier to expand upon,
   especially as it's all thrown away after booting now that it is
   "initfunc()").  This should finally get the Cyrix case right, for
   example. Please test.
 - too meny people convinced me that sendfile() really wants to act like
   writep().
 - sound driver updates from Alan.
 - console updates, so now we have the full old functionality again as far
   as I'm concerned (but I'm sure people will tell me something is still
   missing)
 - task switch and user space return cleanly handles bad segment
   descriptors etc, so people shoul dno longer be able to cause kernel
   messages by misusing the LDT (and I was just informed that you could
   actually completely hang a 2.1.x SMP kernel by doing nasty things -
   this fixes it)
 - wine should work again thanks to Bill Hawes (other LDT fixes)
 - de4x5 driver update
 - token ring driver update
 - ppp driver update
 - coda-fs update
 - "shared writable" bug fixed (thanks to a lot of people for testing and
   working on this - the actual fix was trivial once the problem was
   understood)

In addition, I've spent a large part of my day running with a 12MB
machine, and low-memory behaviour seems to be reasonable. People who have
been unhappy with low-memory behaviour should check out 109 and comment on
it - the heuristics are fairly different, and seem to be better.

As of this release, I won't be looking at the "incoming" directory at the
linux-patches site any more. I'll only be looking at "urgent" things, on
the theory that I'm (a) lazy and (b) getting into code freeze.

If you have important patches in "incoming", feel free to move them to
"urgent". However, I will warn that if I don't consider them to be 2.2
material, I'll just move them to "discarded".

The same goes for patches in email. I will accept patches, but I've just
raised the bar for acception.

                Linus

To get people away from their normally scheduled copyright discussions, I
made a pre-2.1.109 to try out. I woul dhave made a real 2.1.109, but my
computer room has been taken over by visiting relatives, and they want to
go to sleep. Ye Gods!

Get it from ftp.kernel.org, /pub/linux/kernel/testing as usual. It has
 - CPU detection in C code (and thus much easier to expand upon,
   especially as it's all thrown away after booting now that it is
   "initfunc()").  This should finally get the Cyrix case right, for
   example. Please test.
 - too meny people convinced me that sendfile() really wants to act like
   writep().
 - sound driver updates from Alan.
 - console updates, so now we have the full old functionality again as far
   as I'm concerned (but I'm sure people will tell me something is still
   missing)
 - task switch and user space return cleanly handles bad segment
   descriptors etc, so people shoul dno longer be able to cause kernel
   messages by misusing the LDT.
 - wine should work again thanks to Bill Hawes (other LDT fixes)
 - de4x5 driver update
 - token ring driver update
 - ppp driver update
 - coda-fs update
 - "shared writable" bug fixed (thanks to a lot of people for testing and
   working on this - the actual fix was trivial once the problem was
   understood)
Check it out,

                Linus

I just made a pre-2.1.108 and put it on ftp.kernel.org - it fixes a
problem where my sendfile() forgot to get the kernel lock (blush), so it
randomly didn't work correctly on SMP.

I've also done some more testing of sendfile(), and the nice thing is that
when I compared doing a file copy with sendfile compared to a plain "cp",
the sendfile implementation was about twice as fast (at least my version
of "cp" will just do read+write pairs over and over again). When I copied
a 38MB file the "cp" took 1:58 seconds while sendfile took 1:08 seconds
according to "time" (I have 512MB of RAM, so this was all cached,
obviously)..

I haven't done any network tests, because I don't think I'd be able to see
any difference, and it does need the "SO_CONSTIPATED" thing and a way to
push the end of data for best performance.

Some final words on sendfile():
 - it does report errors correctly. That doesn't mean that you necessarily
   can know _which_ fd produced the error, that you have to find out on
   your own. A file real access can generally result in EIO and EACCES
   (the latter with NFS and other "protection-at-read-time" non-UNIX
   filesystems), while the output write() can result in a number of errors
   as the output fd can be any kind of socket/tty/file. Depending on the
   mode of the output file, the output errors can include EINTR, EAGAIN
   etc, and you can mix sendfile() with select() on the output socket, for
   example.
 - you can give it a length of MAX_ULONG, and it will write as much as it
   can. This is entirely consistent with the notion that it is equivalent
   with write(out, tmpbuf, read(in, tmpbuf, size)) where "tmpbuf" is
   essentially infinite - the read() will read al of the file and return
   the file length in the process. Thus you don't even need to know the
   size of the file beforehand.
   The file copy test was essentially done with a single
        error = sendfile(out, in, ~0);
   and I'm appending my current test-program.

This is going to be in 2.2, btw. The changes are so small and so obviously
have to work that it would be ridiculous not to have this - the only
question is whether I'll try to make it a "copyfd()" system call instead,
falling back on read+write when I can't use the page cache directly. I
suspect I won't.

                        Linus

Are there people out there that use the loopback device with SMP, and have
been irritated at it not working lately?
I gave up on waiting for any real loop device maintainer to step up and
fix this, so I made a very small patch that I suspect may fix the problem.
I'm not going to test it myself, and I'm fairly disgusted with how badly
the loop device is being maintained at all. But if people feel they want
to test it out, go to

        ftp.kernel.org//pub/linux/kernel/testing

and fetch the current pre-107-2 patch.
It also has some other patches to the loop device that I picked up and
that looked like the right thing to do (use dentry pointers instead of
inodes to make mount/umount happy.

                Linus