- 04 Apr, 2017 3 commits
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Sagi Grimberg authored
percpu_ref_kill is not enough to prevent subsequent percpu_ref_tryget_live from failing. Hence call perfcpu_ref_kill_confirm to make it safe. Reviewed-by:
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by:
Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me> Signed-off-by:
Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
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Sagi Grimberg authored
If a cpu unplug event has occured, we need to take the minimum of the provided nr_io_queues and the number of online cpus, otherwise we won't be able to connect them as blk-mq mapping won't dispatch to those queues. Reviewed-by:
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Sagi Grimberg authored
we need to destroy the nvmet sq and let it finish gracefully before continue to cleanup the queue. Reviewed-by:
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- 31 Mar, 2017 1 commit
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Eric Biggers authored
Constify all instances of blk_mq_ops, as they are never modified. Signed-off-by:
Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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- 30 Mar, 2017 4 commits
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Jens Axboe authored
This adds a new module parameter to null_blk, blocking. If set, null_blk will set the BLK_MQ_F_BLOCKING flag, indicating that it sometimes/always needs to block in its ->queue_rq() function. The intent is to help find regressions in blocking drivers, since not many of them exist. If null_blk is loaded with submit_queues > 1 and blocking=1, this shows the regression recently fixed by bf4907c0. Reviewed-by:
Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@sandisk.com> Signed-off-by:
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Jens Axboe authored
Commit a4d907b6 unified the single and multi queue request handlers, but in the process, it also screwed up the locking balance and calls blk_mq_try_issue_directly() with the ctx preempt lock held. This is a problem for drivers that have set BLK_MQ_F_BLOCKING, since now they can't reliably sleep. While in there, protect against similar issues in the future, by adding a might_sleep() trigger in the BLOCKING path for direct issue or queue run. Reported-by:
Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com> Tested-by:
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Colin Ian King authored
trivial fix to spelling mistake in pr_err error message Signed-off-by:
Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com> Signed-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
In blk_mq_alloc_request_hctx, blk_mq_sched_get_request doesn't get sw context so we don't need to put the context with blk_mq_put_ctx. Unless, we will see preempt counter underflow. Cc: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com> Signed-off-by:
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by:
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- 29 Mar, 2017 14 commits
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Jens Axboe authored
Currently we return true in blk_mq_dispatch_rq_list() if we queued IO successfully, but we really want to return whether or not the we made progress. Progress includes if we got an error return. If we don't, this can lead to a hang in blk_mq_sched_dispatch_requests() when a driver is draining IO by returning BLK_MQ_QUEUE_ERROR instead of manually ending the IO in error and return BLK_MQ_QUEUE_OK. Tested-by:
Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com> Signed-off-by:
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Josef Bacik authored
When try to issue a request directly and we fail we will requeue the request, but call blk_mq_end_request() as well. This leads to the completed request being on a queuelist and getting ended twice, which causes list corruption in schedulers and other shenanigans. Signed-off-by:
Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com> Reviewed-by:
Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com> Reviewed-by:
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Tahsin Erdogan authored
blkg_conf_prep() currently calls blkg_lookup_create() while holding request queue spinlock. This means allocating memory for struct blkcg_gq has to be made non-blocking. This causes occasional -ENOMEM failures in call paths like below: pcpu_alloc+0x68f/0x710 __alloc_percpu_gfp+0xd/0x10 __percpu_counter_init+0x55/0xc0 cfq_pd_alloc+0x3b2/0x4e0 blkg_alloc+0x187/0x230 blkg_create+0x489/0x670 blkg_lookup_create+0x9a/0x230 blkg_conf_prep+0x1fb/0x240 __cfqg_set_weight_device.isra.105+0x5c/0x180 cfq_set_weight_on_dfl+0x69/0xc0 cgroup_file_write+0x39/0x1c0 kernfs_fop_write+0x13f/0x1d0 __vfs_write+0x23/0x120 vfs_write+0xc2/0x1f0 SyS_write+0x44/0xb0 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x18/0xad In the code path above, percpu allocator cannot call vmalloc() due to queue spinlock. A failure in this call path gives grief to tools which are trying to configure io weights. We see occasional failures happen shortly after reboots even when system is not under any memory pressure. Machines with a lot of cpus are more vulnerable to this condition. Do struct blkcg_gq allocations outside the queue spinlock to allow blocking during memory allocations. Suggested-by:
Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
Tahsin Erdogan <tahsin@google.com> Acked-by:
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Jens Axboe authored
I inadvertently applied the v5 version of this patch, whereas the agreed upon version was v5. Revert this one so we can apply the right one. This reverts commit 7fc6b87a.
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Jens Axboe authored
Signed-off-by: -
Sagi Grimberg authored
Signed-off-by:
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Omar Sandoval authored
CONFIG_DEBUG_TEST_DRIVER_REMOVE found a possible leak of q->rq_wb when a request queue is reregistered. This has been a problem since wbt was introduced, but the WARN_ON(!list_empty(&stats->callbacks)) in the blk-stat rework exposed it. Fix it by cleaning up wbt when we unregister the queue. Fixes: 87760e5e ("block: hook up writeback throttling") Signed-off-by:
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Omar Sandoval authored
blk_alloc_queue_node() already allocates q->stats, so blk_mq_init_allocated_queue() is overwriting it with a new allocation. Fixes: a83b576c ("block: fix stacked driver stats init and free") Reviewed-by:
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Omar Sandoval authored
Now that the remaining drivers have been converted to one request queue per gendisk, let's warn if a request queue gets registered more than once. This will catch future drivers which might do it inadvertently or any old drivers that I may have missed. Signed-off-by:
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Ming Lei authored
Before commit 780db207(blk-mq: decouble blk-mq freezing from generic bypassing), the dying flag is checked before entering queue, and Tejun converts the checking into .mq_freeze_depth, and assumes the counter is increased just after dying flag is set. Unfortunately we doesn't do that in blk_set_queue_dying(). This patch calls blk_freeze_queue_start() in blk_set_queue_dying(), so that we can block new I/O coming once the queue is set as dying. Given blk_set_queue_dying() is always called in remove path of block device, and queue will be cleaned up later, we don't need to worry about undoing the counter. Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by:
Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com> Signed-off-by:
Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de> Reviewed-by:
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Ming Lei authored
As the .q_usage_counter is used by both legacy and mq path, we need to block new I/O if queue becomes dead in blk_queue_enter(). So rename it and we can use this function in both paths. Reviewed-by:
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Ming Lei authored
Without the barrier, reading DEAD flag of .q_usage_counter and reading .mq_freeze_depth may be reordered, then the following wait_event_interruptible() may never return. Reviewed-by:
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Ming Lei authored
This patch adds comment on two races related with timeout handler: - requeue from queue busy vs. timeout - rq free & reallocation vs. timeout Both the races themselves and current solution aren't explicit enough, so add comments on them. Cc: Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@sandisk.com> Reviewed-by:
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Ming Lei authored
When iterating busy requests in timeout handler, if the STARTED flag of one request isn't set, that means the request is being processed in block layer or driver, and isn't submitted to hardware yet. In current implementation of blk_mq_check_expired(), if the request queue becomes dying, un-started requests are handled as being completed/freed immediately. This way is wrong, and can cause rq corruption or double allocation[1][2], when doing I/O and removing&resetting NVMe device at the sametime. This patch fixes several issues reported by Yi Zhang. [1]. oops log 1 [ 581.789754] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 581.789758] kernel BUG at block/blk-mq.c:374! [ 581.789760] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP [ 581.789761] Modules linked in: vfat fat ipmi_ssif intel_rapl sb_edac edac_core x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp coretemp kvm_intel kvm nvme irqbypass crct10dif_pclmul nvme_core crc32_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel intel_cstate ipmi_si mei_me ipmi_devintf intel_uncore sg ipmi_msghandler intel_rapl_perf iTCO_wdt mei iTCO_vendor_support mxm_wmi lpc_ich dcdbas shpchp pcspkr acpi_power_meter wmi nfsd auth_rpcgss nfs_acl lockd dm_multipath grace sunrpc ip_tables xfs libcrc32c sd_mod mgag200 i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper syscopyarea sysfillrect sysimgblt fb_sys_fops ttm drm ahci libahci crc32c_intel tg3 libata megaraid_sas i2c_core ptp fjes pps_core dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod [ 581.789796] CPU: 1 PID: 1617 Comm: kworker/1:1H Not tainted 4.10.0.bz1420297+ #4 [ 581.789797] Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R730xd/072T6D, BIOS 2.2.5 09/06/2016 [ 581.789804] Workqueue: kblockd blk_mq_timeout_work [ 581.789806] task: ffff8804721c8000 task.stack: ffffc90006ee4000 [ 581.789809] RIP: 0010:blk_mq_end_request+0x58/0x70 [ 581.789810] RSP: 0018:ffffc90006ee7d50 EFLAGS: 00010202 [ 581.789811] RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: ffff8802e4195340 RCX: ffff88028e2f4b88 [ 581.789812] RDX: 0000000000001000 RSI: 0000000000001000 RDI: 0000000000000000 [ 581.789813] RBP: ffffc90006ee7d60 R08: 0000000000000003 R09: ffff88028e2f4b00 [ 581.789814] R10: 0000000000001000 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 00000000fffffffb [ 581.789815] R13: ffff88042abe5780 R14: 000000000000002d R15: ffff88046fbdff80 [ 581.789817] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88047fc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 581.789818] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 581.789819] CR2: 00007f64f403a008 CR3: 000000014d078000 CR4: 00000000001406e0 [ 581.789820] Call Trace: [ 581.789825] blk_mq_check_expired+0x76/0x80 [ 581.789828] bt_iter+0x45/0x50 [ 581.789830] blk_mq_queue_tag_busy_iter+0xdd/0x1f0 [ 581.789832] ? blk_mq_rq_timed_out+0x70/0x70 [ 581.789833] ? blk_mq_rq_timed_out+0x70/0x70 [ 581.789840] ? __switch_to+0x140/0x450 [ 581.789841] blk_mq_timeout_work+0x88/0x170 [ 581.789845] process_one_work+0x165/0x410 [ 581.789847] worker_thread+0x137/0x4c0 [ 581.789851] kthread+0x101/0x140 [ 581.789853] ? rescuer_thread+0x3b0/0x3b0 [ 581.789855] ? kthread_park+0x90/0x90 [ 581.789860] ret_from_fork+0x2c/0x40 [ 581.789861] Code: 48 85 c0 74 0d 44 89 e6 48 89 df ff d0 5b 41 5c 5d c3 48 8b bb 70 01 00 00 48 85 ff 75 0f 48 89 df e8 7d f0 ff ff 5b 41 5c 5d c3 <0f> 0b e8 71 f0 ff ff 90 eb e9 0f 1f 40 00 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 [ 581.789882] RIP: blk_mq_end_request+0x58/0x70 RSP: ffffc90006ee7d50 [ 581.789889] ---[ end trace bcaf03d9a14a0a70 ]--- [2]. oops log2 [ 6984.857362] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000010 [ 6984.857372] IP: nvme_queue_rq+0x6e6/0x8cd [nvme] [ 6984.857373] PGD 0 [ 6984.857374] [ 6984.857376] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP [ 6984.857379] Modules linked in: ipmi_ssif vfat fat intel_rapl sb_edac edac_core x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp coretemp kvm_intel kvm irqbypass crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel ipmi_si iTCO_wdt iTCO_vendor_support mxm_wmi ipmi_devintf intel_cstate sg dcdbas intel_uncore mei_me intel_rapl_perf mei pcspkr lpc_ich ipmi_msghandler shpchp acpi_power_meter wmi nfsd auth_rpcgss dm_multipath nfs_acl lockd grace sunrpc ip_tables xfs libcrc32c sd_mod mgag200 i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper syscopyarea sysfillrect crc32c_intel sysimgblt fb_sys_fops ttm nvme drm nvme_core ahci libahci i2c_core tg3 libata ptp megaraid_sas pps_core fjes dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod [ 6984.857416] CPU: 7 PID: 1635 Comm: kworker/7:1H Not tainted 4.10.0-2.el7.bz1420297.x86_64 #1 [ 6984.857417] Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R730xd/072T6D, BIOS 2.2.5 09/06/2016 [ 6984.857427] Workqueue: kblockd blk_mq_run_work_fn [ 6984.857429] task: ffff880476e3da00 task.stack: ffffc90002e90000 [ 6984.857432] RIP: 0010:nvme_queue_rq+0x6e6/0x8cd [nvme] [ 6984.857433] RSP: 0018:ffffc90002e93c50 EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 6984.857434] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff880275646600 RCX: 0000000000001000 [ 6984.857435] RDX: 0000000000000fff RSI: 00000002fba2a000 RDI: ffff8804734e6950 [ 6984.857436] RBP: ffffc90002e93d30 R08: 0000000000002000 R09: 0000000000001000 [ 6984.857437] R10: 0000000000001000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff8804741d8000 [ 6984.857438] R13: 0000000000000040 R14: ffff880475649f80 R15: ffff8804734e6780 [ 6984.857439] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88047fcc0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 6984.857440] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 6984.857442] CR2: 0000000000000010 CR3: 0000000001c09000 CR4: 00000000001406e0 [ 6984.857443] Call Trace: [ 6984.857451] ? mempool_free+0x2b/0x80 [ 6984.857455] ? bio_free+0x4e/0x60 [ 6984.857459] blk_mq_dispatch_rq_list+0xf5/0x230 [ 6984.857462] blk_mq_process_rq_list+0x133/0x170 [ 6984.857465] __blk_mq_run_hw_queue+0x8c/0xa0 [ 6984.857467] blk_mq_run_work_fn+0x12/0x20 [ 6984.857473] process_one_work+0x165/0x410 [ 6984.857475] worker_thread+0x137/0x4c0 [ 6984.857478] kthread+0x101/0x140 [ 6984.857480] ? rescuer_thread+0x3b0/0x3b0 [ 6984.857481] ? kthread_park+0x90/0x90 [ 6984.857489] ret_from_fork+0x2c/0x40 [ 6984.857490] Code: 8b bd 70 ff ff ff 89 95 50 ff ff ff 89 8d 58 ff ff ff 44 89 95 60 ff ff ff e8 b7 dd 12 e1 8b 95 50 ff ff ff 48 89 85 68 ff ff ff <4c> 8b 48 10 44 8b 58 18 8b 8d 58 ff ff ff 44 8b 95 60 ff ff ff [ 6984.857511] RIP: nvme_queue_rq+0x6e6/0x8cd [nvme] RSP: ffffc90002e93c50 [ 6984.857512] CR2: 0000000000000010 [ 6984.895359] ---[ end trace 2d7ceb528432bf83 ]--- Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Reported-by:
Yi Zhang <yizhan@redhat.com> Tested-by:
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- 28 Mar, 2017 18 commits
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Tahsin Erdogan authored
blkg_conf_prep() currently calls blkg_lookup_create() while holding request queue spinlock. This means allocating memory for struct blkcg_gq has to be made non-blocking. This causes occasional -ENOMEM failures in call paths like below: pcpu_alloc+0x68f/0x710 __alloc_percpu_gfp+0xd/0x10 __percpu_counter_init+0x55/0xc0 cfq_pd_alloc+0x3b2/0x4e0 blkg_alloc+0x187/0x230 blkg_create+0x489/0x670 blkg_lookup_create+0x9a/0x230 blkg_conf_prep+0x1fb/0x240 __cfqg_set_weight_device.isra.105+0x5c/0x180 cfq_set_weight_on_dfl+0x69/0xc0 cgroup_file_write+0x39/0x1c0 kernfs_fop_write+0x13f/0x1d0 __vfs_write+0x23/0x120 vfs_write+0xc2/0x1f0 SyS_write+0x44/0xb0 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x18/0xad In the code path above, percpu allocator cannot call vmalloc() due to queue spinlock. A failure in this call path gives grief to tools which are trying to configure io weights. We see occasional failures happen shortly after reboots even when system is not under any memory pressure. Machines with a lot of cpus are more vulnerable to this condition. Update blkg_create() function to temporarily drop the rcu and queue locks when it is allowed by gfp mask. Suggested-by:
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Omar Sandoval authored
Compile-tested only (by hacking it to compile on x86). Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by:
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Omar Sandoval authored
Compile-tested only (by hacking it to compile on x86). Signed-off-by:
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Omar Sandoval authored
Compile-tested only. Cc: Tim Waugh <tim@cyberelk.net> Signed-off-by:
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Omar Sandoval authored
Compile-tested only. Cc: Tim Waugh <tim@cyberelk.net> Signed-off-by:
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Omar Sandoval authored
Compile-tested only. Cc: Tim Waugh <tim@cyberelk.net> Signed-off-by:
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Omar Sandoval authored
Compile-tested only. Signed-off-by:
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Shaohua Li authored
One hard problem adding .low limit is to detect idle cgroup. If one cgroup doesn't dispatch enough IO against its low limit, we must have a mechanism to determine if other cgroups dispatch more IO. We added the think time detection mechanism before, but it doesn't work for all workloads. Here we add a latency based approach. We already have mechanism to calculate latency threshold for each IO size. For every IO dispatched from a cgorup, we compare its latency against its threshold and record the info. If most IO latency is below threshold (in the code I use 75%), the cgroup could be treated idle and other cgroups can dispatch more IO. Currently this latency target check is only for SSD as we can't calcualte the latency target for hard disk. And this is only for cgroup leaf node so far. Signed-off-by:
Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com> Signed-off-by:
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Shaohua Li authored
User configures latency target, but the latency threshold for each request size isn't fixed. For a SSD, the IO latency highly depends on request size. To calculate latency threshold, we sample some data, eg, average latency for request size 4k, 8k, 16k, 32k .. 1M. The latency threshold of each request size will be the sample latency (I'll call it base latency) plus latency target. For example, the base latency for request size 4k is 80us and user configures latency target 60us. The 4k latency threshold will be 80 + 60 = 140us. To sample data, we calculate the order base 2 of rounded up IO sectors. If the IO size is bigger than 1M, it will be accounted as 1M. Since the calculation does round up, the base latency will be slightly smaller than actual value. Also if there isn't any IO dispatched for a specific IO size, we will use the base latency of smaller IO size for this IO size. But we shouldn't sample data at any time. The base latency is supposed to be latency where disk isn't congested, because we use latency threshold to schedule IOs between cgroups. If disk is congested, the latency is higher, using it for scheduling is meaningless. Hence we only do the sampling when block throttling is in the LOW limit, with assumption disk isn't congested in such state. If the assumption isn't true, eg, low limit is too high, calculated latency threshold will be higher. Hard disk is completely different. Latency depends on spindle seek instead of request size. Currently this feature is SSD only, we probably can use a fixed threshold like 4ms for hard disk though. Signed-off-by:
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Shaohua Li authored
Currently there is no way to know the request size when the request is finished. Next patch will need this info. We could add extra field to record the size, but blk_issue_stat has enough space to record it, so this patch just overloads blk_issue_stat. With this, we will have 49bits to track time, which still is very long time. Signed-off-by:
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Shaohua Li authored
Here we introduce per-cgroup latency target. The target determines how a cgroup can afford latency increasement. We will use the target latency to calculate a threshold and use it to schedule IO for cgroups. If a cgroup's bandwidth is below its low limit but its average latency is below the threshold, other cgroups can safely dispatch more IO even their bandwidth is higher than their low limits. On the other hand, if the first cgroup's latency is higher than the threshold, other cgroups are throttled to their low limits. So the target latency determines how we efficiently utilize free disk resource without sacifice of worload's IO latency. For example, assume 4k IO average latency is 50us when disk isn't congested. A cgroup sets the target latency to 30us. Then the cgroup can accept 50+30=80us IO latency. If the cgroupt's average IO latency is 90us and its bandwidth is below low limit, other cgroups are throttled to their low limit. If the cgroup's average IO latency is 60us, other cgroups are allowed to dispatch more IO. When other cgroups dispatch more IO, the first cgroup's IO latency will increase. If it increases to 81us, we then throttle other cgroups. User will configure the interface in this way: echo "8:16 rbps=2097152 wbps=max latency=100 idle=200" > io.low latency is in microsecond unit By default, latency target is 0, which means to guarantee IO latency. Signed-off-by:
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Shaohua Li authored
Last patch introduces a way to detect idle cgroup. We use it to make upgrade/downgrade decision. And the new algorithm can detect completely idle cgroup too, so we can delete the corresponding code. Signed-off-by:
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Shaohua Li authored
Add interface to configure the threshold. The io.low interface will like: echo "8:16 rbps=2097152 wbps=max idle=2000" > io.low idle is in microsecond unit. Signed-off-by:
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Shaohua Li authored
A cgroup gets assigned a low limit, but the cgroup could never dispatch enough IO to cross the low limit. In such case, the queue state machine will remain in LIMIT_LOW state and all other cgroups will be throttled according to low limit. This is unfair for other cgroups. We should treat the cgroup idle and upgrade the state machine to lower state. We also have a downgrade logic. If the state machine upgrades because of cgroup idle (real idle), the state machine will downgrade soon as the cgroup is below its low limit. This isn't what we want. A more complicated case is cgroup isn't idle when queue is in LIMIT_LOW. But when queue gets upgraded to lower state, other cgroups could dispatch more IO and this cgroup can't dispatch enough IO, so the cgroup is below its low limit and looks like idle (fake idle). In this case, the queue should downgrade soon. The key to determine if we should do downgrade is to detect if cgroup is truely idle. Unfortunately it's very hard to determine if a cgroup is real idle. This patch uses the 'think time check' idea from CFQ for the purpose. Please note, the idea doesn't work for all workloads. For example, a workload with io depth 8 has disk utilization 100%, hence think time is 0, eg, not idle. But the workload can run higher bandwidth with io depth 16. Compared to io depth 16, the io depth 8 workload is idle. We use the idea to roughly determine if a cgroup is idle. We treat a cgroup idle if its think time is above a threshold (by default 1ms for SSD and 100ms for HD). The idea is think time above the threshold will start to harm performance. HD is much slower so a longer think time is ok. The patch (and the latter patches) uses 'unsigned long' to track time. We convert 'ns' to 'us' with 'ns >> 10'. This is fast but loses precision, should not a big deal. Signed-off-by:
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Shaohua Li authored
When cgroups all reach low limit, cgroups can dispatch more IO. This could make some cgroups dispatch more IO but others not, and even some cgroups could dispatch less IO than their low limit. For example, cg1 low limit 10MB/s, cg2 limit 80MB/s, assume disk maximum bandwidth is 120M/s for the workload. Their bps could something like this: cg1/cg2 bps: T1: 10/80 -> T2: 60/60 -> T3: 10/80 At T1, all cgroups reach low limit, so they can dispatch more IO later. Then cg1 dispatch more IO and cg2 has no room to dispatch enough IO. At T2, cg2 only dispatches 60M/s. Since We detect cg2 dispatches less IO than its low limit 80M/s, we downgrade the queue from LIMIT_MAX to LIMIT_LOW, then all cgroups are throttled to their low limit (T3). cg2 will have bandwidth below its low limit at most time. The big problem here is we don't know the maximum bandwidth of the workload, so we can't make smart decision to avoid the situation. This patch makes cgroup bandwidth change smooth. After disk upgrades from LIMIT_LOW to LIMIT_MAX, we don't allow cgroups use all bandwidth upto their max limit immediately. Their bandwidth limit will be increased gradually to avoid above situation. So above example will became something like: cg1/cg2 bps: 10/80 -> 15/105 -> 20/100 -> 25/95 -> 30/90 -> 35/85 -> 40/80 -> 45/75 -> 22/98 In this way cgroups bandwidth will be above their limit in majority time, this still doesn't fully utilize disk bandwidth, but that's something we pay for sharing. Scale up is linear. The limit scales up 1/2 .low limit every throtl_slice after upgrade. The scale up will stop if the adjusted limit hits .max limit. Scale down is exponential. We cut the scale value half if a cgroup doesn't hit its .low limit. If the scale becomes 0, we then fully downgrade the queue to LIMIT_LOW state. Note this doesn't completely avoid cgroup running under its low limit. The best way to guarantee cgroup doesn't run under its limit is to set max limit. For example, if we set cg1 max limit to 40, cg2 will never run under its low limit. Signed-off-by:
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Shaohua Li authored
cgroup could be assigned a limit, but doesn't dispatch enough IO, eg the cgroup is idle. When this happens, the cgroup doesn't hit its limit, so we can't move the state machine to higher level and all cgroups will be throttled to their lower limit, so we waste bandwidth. Detecting idle cgroup is hard. This patch handles a simple case, a cgroup doesn't dispatch any IO. We ignore such cgroup's limit, so other cgroups can use the bandwidth. Please note this will be replaced with a more sophisticated algorithm later, but this demonstrates the idea how we handle idle cgroups, so I leave it here. Signed-off-by:
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Shaohua Li authored
The throtl_slice is 100ms by default. This is a long time for SSD, a lot of IO can run. To make cgroups have smoother throughput, we choose a small value (20ms) for SSD. Signed-off-by:
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Shaohua Li authored
throtl_slice is important for blk-throttling. It's called slice internally but it really is a time window blk-throttling samples data. blk-throttling will make decision based on the samplings. An example is bandwidth measurement. A cgroup's bandwidth is measured in the time interval of throtl_slice. A small throtl_slice meanse cgroups have smoother throughput but burn more CPUs. It has 100ms default value, which is not appropriate for all disks. A fast SSD can dispatch a lot of IOs in 100ms. This patch makes it tunable. Since throtl_slice isn't a time slice, the sysfs name 'throttle_sample_time' reflects its character better. Signed-off-by:
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