When restoring the system register state for an AArch32 guest at EL2,
writes to DACR32_EL2 may not be correctly synchronised by Cortex-A57,
which can lead to the guest effectively running with junk in the DACR
and running into unexpected domain faults.

This patch works around the issue by re-ordering our restoration of the
AArch32 register aliases so that they happen before the AArch64 system
registers. Ensuring that the registers are restored in this order
guarantees that they will be correctly synchronised by the core.

Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

If a guest requests the affinity info for a non-existing vCPU we need to
properly return an error, instead of erroneously reporting an off state.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Spyridakis <a.spyridakis@virtualopensystems.com>
Signed-off-by: Alvise Rigo <a.rigo@virtualopensystems.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

Currently we don't set the RES1 bits of TCR_EL2 and VTCR_EL2 when
configuring them, which could lead to unexpected behaviour when an
architectural meaning is defined for those bits.

Set the RES1 bits to avoid issues.

Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Cc: Suzuki Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

Provide a better quality of implementation and be architecture compliant
on ARMv7 for the architected timer by resetting the CNTV_CTL to 0 on
reset of the timer.

This change alone fixes the UEFI reset issue reported by Laszlo back in
February.

Cc: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Drew Jones <drjones@redhat.com>
Cc: Wei Huang <wei@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

We currently set the physical active state only when we *inject* a new
pending virtual interrupt, but this is actually not correct, because we
could have been preempted and run something else on the system that
resets the active state to clear.  This causes us to run the VM with the
timer set to fire, but without setting the physical active state.

The solution is to always check the LR configurations, and we if have a
mapped interrupt in the LR in either the pending or active state
(virtual), then set the physical active state.
Acked-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

After enhancing arm64 FP/SIMD exit handling, ARMv7 VFP exit branch is moved
to guest trap handling. This allows us to keep exit handling flow between both
architectures consistent.
Signed-off-by: Mario Smarduch <m.smarduch@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

This patch only saves and restores FP/SIMD registers on Guest access. To do
this cptr_el2 FP/SIMD trap is set on Guest entry and later checked on exit.
lmbench, hackbench show significant improvements, for 30-50% exits FP/SIMD
context is not saved/restored

[chazy/maz: fixed save/restore logic for 32bit guests]
Signed-off-by: Mario Smarduch <m.smarduch@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

In order to remove the crude hack where we sneak the masked bit
into the timer's control register, make use of the phys_irq_map
API control the active state of the interrupt.

This causes some limited changes to allow for potential error
propagation.
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

Virtual interrupts mapped to a HW interrupt should only be triggered
from inside the kernel. Otherwise, you could end up confusing the
kernel (and the GIC's) state machine.

Rearrange the injection path so that kvm_vgic_inject_irq is
used for non-mapped interrupts, and kvm_vgic_inject_mapped_irq is
used for mapped interrupts. The latter should only be called from
inside the kernel (timer, irqfd).
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

In order to control the active state of an interrupt, introduce
a pair of accessors allowing the state to be set/queried.

This only affects the logical state, and the HW state will only be
applied at world-switch time.
Acked-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

To allow a HW interrupt to be injected into a guest, we lookup the
guest virtual interrupt in the irq_phys_map list, and if we have
a match, encode both interrupts in the LR.

We also mark the interrupt as "active" at the host distributor level.

On guest EOI on the virtual interrupt, the host interrupt will be
deactivated.
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

In order to be able to feed physical interrupts to a guest, we need
to be able to establish the virtual-physical mapping between the two
worlds.

The mappings are kept in a set of RCU lists, indexed by virtual interrupts.
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

We only set the irq_queued flag for level interrupts, meaning
that "!vgic_irq_is_queued(vcpu, irq)" is a good enough predicate
for all interrupts.

This will allow us to inject edge HW interrupts, for which the
state ACTIVE+PENDING is not allowed.
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

Now that struct vgic_lr supports the LR_HW bit and carries a hwirq
field, we can encode that information into the list registers.

This patch provides implementations for both GICv2 and GICv3.
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

As we're about to cram more information in the vgic_lr structure
(HW interrupt number and additional state information), we switch
to a layout similar to the HW's:

- use bitfields to save space (we don't need more than 10 bits
  to represent the irq numbers)
- source CPU and HW interrupt can share the same field, as
  a SGI doesn't have a physical line.
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

As we're about to introduce some serious GIC-poking to the vgic code,
it is important to make sure that we're going to poke the part of
the GIC that belongs to the CPU we're about to run on (otherwise,
we'd end up with some unexpected interrupts firing)...

Introducing a non-preemptible section in kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run
prevents the problem from occuring.
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

As we now inject the timer interrupt when we're about to enter
the guest, it makes a lot more sense to make sure this happens
before the vgic code queues the pending interrupts.

Otherwise, we get the interrupt on the following exit, which is
not great for latency (and leads to all kind of bizarre issues
when using with active interrupts at the HW level).
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>

Since commit 8a14849b (arm64: KVM: Switch vgic save/restore to
alternative_insn) vgic_sr_vectors is not used anymore, so remove
remaining leftovers and kill the structure.
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Murzin <vladimir.murzin@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

This patch adds a generic ARM v8 KVM target cpu type for use
by the new CPUs which eventualy ends up using the common sys_reg
table. For backward compatibility the existing targets have been
preserved. Any new target CPU that can be covered by generic v8
sys_reg tables should make use of the new generic target.
Signed-off-by: Suzuki K. Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Acked-by: Marc Zyngier <Marc.Zyngier@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

This includes trace points for:
  kvm_arch_setup_guest_debug
  kvm_arch_clear_guest_debug

I've also added some generic register setting trace events and also a
trace point to dump the array of hardware registers.
Acked-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

Finally advertise the KVM capability for SET_GUEST_DEBUG. Once arm
support is added this check can be moved to the common
kvm_vm_ioctl_check_extension() code.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

This adds support for userspace to control the HW debug registers for
guest debug. In the debug ioctl we copy an IMPDEF registers into a new
register set called host_debug_state.

We use the recently introduced vcpu parameter debug_ptr to select which
register set is copied into the real registers when world switch occurs.

I've made some helper functions from hw_breakpoint.c more widely
available for re-use.

As with single step we need to tweak the guest registers to enable the
exceptions so we need to save and restore those bits.

Two new capabilities have been added to the KVM_EXTENSION ioctl to allow
userspace to query the number of hardware break and watch points
available on the host hardware.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

This introduces a level of indirection for the debug registers. Instead
of using the sys_regs[] directly we store registers in a structure in
the vcpu. The new kvm_arm_reset_debug_ptr() sets the debug ptr to the
guest context.

Because we no longer give the sys_regs offset for the sys_reg_desc->reg
field, but instead the index into a debug-specific struct we need to
add a number of additional trap functions for each register. Also as the
generic generic user-space access code no longer works we have
introduced a new pair of function pointers to the sys_reg_desc structure
to override the generic code when needed.
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

This is a pre-cursor to sharing the code with the guest debug support.
This replaces the big macro that fishes data out of a fixed location
with a more general helper macro to restore a set of debug registers. It
uses macro substitution so it can be re-used for debug control and value
registers. It does however rely on the debug registers being 64 bit
aligned (as they happen to be in the hyp ABI).
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

This adds support for single-stepping the guest. To do this we need to
manipulate the guests PSTATE.SS and MDSCR_EL1.SS bits to trigger
stepping. We take care to preserve MDSCR_EL1 and trap access to it to
ensure we don't affect the apparent state of the guest.

As we have to enable trapping of all software debug exceptions we
suppress the ability of the guest to single-step itself. If we didn't we
would have to deal with the exception arriving while the guest was in
kernelspace when the guest is expecting to single-step userspace. This
is something we don't want to unwind in the kernel. Once the host is no
longer debugging the guest its ability to single-step userspace is
restored.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

This adds support for SW breakpoints inserted by userspace.

We do this by trapping all guest software debug exceptions to the
hypervisor (MDCR_EL2.TDE). The exit handler sets an exit reason of
KVM_EXIT_DEBUG with the kvm_debug_exit_arch structure holding the
exception syndrome information.

It will be up to userspace to extract the PC (via GET_ONE_REG) and
determine if the debug event was for a breakpoint it inserted. If not
userspace will need to re-inject the correct exception restart the
hypervisor to deliver the debug exception to the guest.

Any other guest software debug exception (e.g. single step or HW
assisted breakpoints) will cause an error and the VM to be killed. This
is addressed by later patches which add support for the other debug
types.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

This is a precursor for later patches which will need to do more to
setup debug state before entering the hyp.S switch code. The existing
functionality for setting mdcr_el2 has been moved out of hyp.S and now
uses the value kept in vcpu->arch.mdcr_el2.

As the assembler used to previously mask and preserve MDCR_EL2.HPMN I've
had to add a mechanism to save the value of mdcr_el2 as a per-cpu
variable during the initialisation code. The kernel never sets this
number so we are assuming the bootcode has set up the correct value
here.

This also moves the conditional setting of the TDA bit from the hyp code
into the C code which is currently used for the lazy debug register
context switch code.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

This commit adds a stub function to support the KVM_SET_GUEST_DEBUG
ioctl. Any unsupported flag will return -EINVAL. For now, only
KVM_GUESTDBG_ENABLE is supported, although it won't have any effects.

Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>.
Reviewed-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

This commit defines the API headers for guest debugging. There are two
architecture specific debug structures:

  - kvm_guest_debug_arch, allows us to pass in HW debug registers
  - kvm_debug_exit_arch, signals exception and possible faulting address

The type of debugging being used is controlled by the architecture
specific control bits of the kvm_guest_debug->control flags in the ioctl
structure.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <drjones@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

Bring into line with the comments for the other structures and their
KVM_EXIT_* cases. Also update api.txt to reflect use in kvm_run
documentation.
Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <drjones@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>

This reverts commit dec4f799.

Jörg Otte reports a NULL pointder dereference due to this commit, as
'crtc_state' very much can be NULL:

        crtc_state = state->base.state ?
                intel_atomic_get_crtc_state(state->base.state, intel_crtc) : NULL;

So the change to test 'crtc_state->base.active' cannot possibly be
correct as-is.

There may be some other minimal fix (like just checking crtc_state for
NULL), but I'm just reverting it now for the rc2 release, and people
like Daniel Vetter who actually know this code will figure out what the
right solution is in the longer term.
Reported-and-bisected-by: Jörg Otte <jrg.otte@gmail.com>
Cc: Ander Conselvan de Oliveira <ander.conselvan.de.oliveira@intel.com>
Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@intel.com>
CC: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull VFS fixes from Al Viro:
 "Fixes for this cycle regression in overlayfs and a couple of
  long-standing (== all the way back to 2.6.12, at least) bugs"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  freeing unlinked file indefinitely delayed
  fix a braino in ovl_d_select_inode()
  9p: don't leave a half-initialized inode sitting around

Pull MIPS fixes from Ralf Baechle:
 "A fair number of 4.2 fixes also because Markos opened the flood gates.

   - Patch up the math used calculate the location for the page bitmap.

   - The FDC (Not what you think, FDC stands for Fast Debug Channel) IRQ
     around was causing issues on non-Malta platforms, so move the code
     to a Malta specific location.

   - A spelling fix replicated through several files.

   - Fix to the emulation of an R2 instruction for R6 cores.

   - Fix the JR emulation for R6.

   - Further patching of mindless 64 bit issues.

   - Ensure the kernel won't crash on CPUs with L2 caches with >= 8
     ways.

   - Use compat_sys_getsockopt for O32 ABI on 64 bit kernels.

   - Fix cache flushing for multithreaded cores.

   - A build fix"

* 'upstream' of git://git.linux-mips.org/pub/scm/ralf/upstream-linus:
  MIPS: O32: Use compat_sys_getsockopt.
  MIPS: c-r4k: Extend way_string array
  MIPS: Pistachio: Support CDMM & Fast Debug Channel
  MIPS: Malta: Make GIC FDC IRQ workaround Malta specific
  MIPS: c-r4k: Fix cache flushing for MT cores
  Revert "MIPS: Kconfig: Disable SMP/CPS for 64-bit"
  MIPS: cps-vec: Use macros for various arithmetics and memory operations
  MIPS: kernel: cps-vec: Replace KSEG0 with CKSEG0
  MIPS: kernel: cps-vec: Use ta0-ta3 pseudo-registers for 64-bit
  MIPS: kernel: cps-vec: Replace mips32r2 ISA level with mips64r2
  MIPS: kernel: cps-vec: Replace 'la' macro with PTR_LA
  MIPS: kernel: smp-cps: Fix 64-bit compatibility errors due to pointer casting
  MIPS: Fix erroneous JR emulation for MIPS R6
  MIPS: Fix branch emulation for BLTC and BGEC instructions
  MIPS: kernel: traps: Fix broken indentation
  MIPS: bootmem: Don't use memory holes for page bitmap
  MIPS: O32: Do not handle require 32 bytes from the stack to be readable.
  MIPS, CPUFREQ: Fix spelling of Institute.
  MIPS: Lemote 2F: Fix build caused by recent mass rename.

Pull x86 fixes from Thomas Gleixner:

 - the high latency PIT detection fix, which slipped through the cracks
   for rc1

 - a regression fix for the early printk mechanism

 - the x86 part to plug irq/vector related hotplug races

 - move the allocation of the espfix pages on cpu hotplug to non atomic
   context.  The current code triggers a might_sleep() warning.

 - a series of KASAN fixes addressing boot crashes and usability

 - a trivial typo fix for Kconfig help text

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/kconfig: Fix typo in the CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL help text
  x86/irq: Retrieve irq data after locking irq_desc
  x86/irq: Use proper locking in check_irq_vectors_for_cpu_disable()
  x86/irq: Plug irq vector hotplug race
  x86/earlyprintk: Allow early_printk() to use console style parameters like '115200n8'
  x86/espfix: Init espfix on the boot CPU side
  x86/espfix: Add 'cpu' parameter to init_espfix_ap()
  x86/kasan: Move KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET to the arch Kconfig
  x86/kasan: Add message about KASAN being initialized
  x86/kasan: Fix boot crash on AMD processors
  x86/kasan: Flush TLBs after switching CR3
  x86/kasan: Fix KASAN shadow region page tables
  x86/init: Clear 'init_level4_pgt' earlier
  x86/tsc: Let high latency PIT fail fast in quick_pit_calibrate()

Pull timer fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "This update from the timer departement contains:

   - A series of patches which address a shortcoming in the tick
     broadcast code.

     If the broadcast device is not available or an hrtimer emulated
     broadcast device, some of the original assumptions lead to boot
     failures.  I rather plugged all of the corner cases instead of only
     addressing the issue reported, so the change got a little larger.

     Has been extensivly tested on x86 and arm.

   - Get rid of the last holdouts using do_posix_clock_monotonic_gettime()

   - A regression fix for the imx clocksource driver

   - An update to the new state callbacks mechanism for clockevents.
     This is required to simplify the conversion, which will take place
     in 4.3"

* 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  tick/broadcast: Prevent NULL pointer dereference
  time: Get rid of do_posix_clock_monotonic_gettime
  cris: Replace do_posix_clock_monotonic_gettime()
  tick/broadcast: Unbreak CONFIG_GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS=n build
  tick/broadcast: Handle spurious interrupts gracefully
  tick/broadcast: Check for hrtimer broadcast active early
  tick/broadcast: Return busy when IPI is pending
  tick/broadcast: Return busy if periodic mode and hrtimer broadcast
  tick/broadcast: Move the check for periodic mode inside state handling
  tick/broadcast: Prevent deep idle if no broadcast device available
  tick/broadcast: Make idle check independent from mode and config
  tick/broadcast: Sanity check the shutdown of the local clock_event
  tick/broadcast: Prevent hrtimer recursion
  clockevents: Allow set-state callbacks to be optional
  clocksource/imx: Define clocksource for mx27

Pull irq fix from Thomas Gleixner:
 "A single fix for a cpu hotplug race vs. interrupt descriptors:

  Prevent irq setup/teardown across the cpu starting/dying parts of cpu
  hotplug so that the starting/dying cpu has a stable view of the
  descriptor space.  This has been an issue for all architectures in the
  cpu dying phase, where interrupts are migrated away from the dying
  cpu.  In the starting phase its mostly a x86 issue vs the vector space
  update"

* 'irq-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  hotplug: Prevent alloc/free of irq descriptors during cpu up/down

	Normally opening a file, unlinking it and then closing will have
the inode freed upon close() (provided that it's not otherwise busy and
has no remaining links, of course).  However, there's one case where that
does *not* happen.  Namely, if you open it by fhandle with cold dcache,
then unlink() and close().

	In normal case you get d_delete() in unlink(2) notice that dentry
is busy and unhash it; on the final dput() it will be forcibly evicted from
dcache, triggering iput() and inode removal.  In this case, though, we end
up with *two* dentries - disconnected (created by open-by-fhandle) and
regular one (used by unlink()).  The latter will have its reference to inode
dropped just fine, but the former will not - it's considered hashed (it
is on the ->s_anon list), so it will stay around until the memory pressure
will finally do it in.  As the result, we have the final iput() delayed
indefinitely.  It's trivial to reproduce -

void flush_dcache(void)
{
        system("mount -o remount,rw /");
}

static char buf[20 * 1024 * 1024];

main()
{
        int fd;
        union {
                struct file_handle f;
                char buf[MAX_HANDLE_SZ];
        } x;
        int m;

        x.f.handle_bytes = sizeof(x);
        chdir("/root");
        mkdir("foo", 0700);
        fd = open("foo/bar", O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0600);
        close(fd);
        name_to_handle_at(AT_FDCWD, "foo/bar", &x.f, &m, 0);
        flush_dcache();
        fd = open_by_handle_at(AT_FDCWD, &x.f, O_RDWR);
        unlink("foo/bar");
        write(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
        system("df .");			/* 20Mb eaten */
        close(fd);
        system("df .");			/* should've freed those 20Mb */
        flush_dcache();
        system("df .");			/* should be the same as #2 */
}

will spit out something like
Filesystem     1K-blocks   Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root         322023 303843      1131 100% /
Filesystem     1K-blocks   Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root         322023 303843      1131 100% /
Filesystem     1K-blocks   Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/root         322023 283282     21692  93% /
- inode gets freed only when dentry is finally evicted (here we trigger
than by remount; normally it would've happened in response to memory
pressure hell knows when).

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v2.6.38+; earlier ones need s/kill_it/unhash_it/
Acked-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

when opening a directory we want the overlayfs inode, not one from
the topmost layer.
Reported-By: Andrey Jr. Melnikov <temnota.am@gmail.com>
Tested-By: Andrey Jr. Melnikov <temnota.am@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # all branches
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>