- 01 Dec, 2023 2 commits
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Sean Christopherson authored
Convert %llx to %lx as appropriate in guest asserts. The guest printf implementation treats them the same as KVM selftests are 64-bit only, but strictly adhering to the correct format will allow annotating the underlying helpers with __printf() without introducing new warnings in the build. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231129224916.532431-3-seanjc@google.comSigned-off-by:
Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
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Sean Christopherson authored
Print out the test and vector as intended when a guest assert fails an assertion regarding MONITOR/MWAIT faulting. Unfortunately, the guest printf support doesn't detect such issues at compile-time, so the bug manifests as a confusing error message, e.g. in the most confusing case, the test complains that it got vector "0" instead of expected vector "0". Fixes: 0f52e4aa ("KVM: selftests: Convert the MONITOR/MWAIT test to use printf guest asserts") Reviewed-by:
Maxim Levitsky <mlevitsk@redhat.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231107182159.404770-1-seanjc@google.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231129224916.532431-2-seanjc@google.comSigned-off-by:
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- 29 Nov, 2023 5 commits
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Sean Christopherson authored
Remove x86's mmio_warning_test, as it is unnecessarily complex (there's no reason to fork, spawn threads, initialize srand(), etc..), unnecessarily restrictive (triggering triple fault is not unique to Intel CPUs without unrestricted guest), and provides no meaningful coverage beyond what basic fuzzing can achieve (running a vCPU with garbage is fuzzing's bread and butter). That the test has *all* of the above flaws is not coincidental, as the code was copy+pasted almost verbatim from the syzkaller reproducer that originally found the KVM bug (which has long since been fixed). Cc: Michal Luczaj <mhal@rbox.co> Link: https://groups.google.com/g/syzkaller/c/lHfau8E3SOE Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230815220030.560372-1-seanjc@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Add yet another macro to the VM/vCPU ioctl() framework to detect when an ioctl() failed because KVM killed/bugged the VM, i.e. when there was nothing wrong with the ioctl() itself. If KVM kills a VM, e.g. by way of a failed KVM_BUG_ON(), all subsequent VM and vCPU ioctl()s will fail with -EIO, which can be quite misleading and ultimately waste user/developer time. Use KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION on KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY to detect if the VM is dead and/or bug, as KVM doesn't provide a dedicated ioctl(). Using a heuristic is obviously less than ideal, but practically speaking the logic is bulletproof barring a KVM change, and any such change would arguably break userspace, e.g. if KVM returns something other than -EIO. Without the detection, tearing down a bugged VM yields a cryptic failure when deleting memslots: ==== Test Assertion Failure ==== lib/kvm_util.c:689: !ret pid=45131 tid=45131 errno=5 - Input/output error 1 0x00000000004036c3: __vm_mem_region_delete at kvm_util.c:689 2 0x00000000004042f0: kvm_vm_free at kvm_util.c:724 (discriminator 12) 3 0x0000000000402929: race_sync_regs at sync_regs_test.c:193 4 0x0000000000401cab: main at sync_regs_test.c:334 (discriminator 6) 5 0x0000000000416f13: __libc_start_call_main at libc-start.o:? 6 0x000000000041855f: __libc_start_main_impl at ??:? 7 0x0000000000401d40: _start at ??:? KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION failed, rc: -1 errno: 5 (Input/output error) Which morphs into a more pointed error message with the detection: ==== Test Assertion Failure ==== lib/kvm_util.c:689: false pid=80347 tid=80347 errno=5 - Input/output error 1 0x00000000004039ab: __vm_mem_region_delete at kvm_util.c:689 (discriminator 5) 2 0x0000000000404660: kvm_vm_free at kvm_util.c:724 (discriminator 12) 3 0x0000000000402ac9: race_sync_regs at sync_regs_test.c:193 4 0x0000000000401cb7: main at sync_regs_test.c:334 (discriminator 6) 5 0x0000000000418263: __libc_start_call_main at libc-start.o:? 6 0x00000000004198af: __libc_start_main_impl at ??:? 7 0x0000000000401d90: _start at ??:? KVM killed/bugged the VM, check the kernel log for clues Suggested-by:Michal Luczaj <mhal@rbox.co> Cc: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev> Cc: Colton Lewis <coltonlewis@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231108010953.560824-3-seanjc@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Drop _kvm_ioctl(), _vm_ioctl(), and _vcpu_ioctl(), as they are no longer used by anything other than the no-underscores variants (and may have never been used directly). The single-underscore variants were never intended to be a "feature", they were a stopgap of sorts to ease the conversion to pretty printing ioctl() names when reporting errors. Opportunistically add a comment explaining when to use __KVM_IOCTL_ERROR() versus KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(). The single-underscore macros were subtly ensuring that the name of the ioctl() was printed on error, i.e. it's all too easy to overlook the fact that using __KVM_IOCTL_ERROR() is intentional. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231108010953.560824-2-seanjc@google.comSigned-off-by:
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David Woodhouse authored
Using -MD without -MP causes build failures when a header file is deleted or moved. With -MP, the compiler will emit phony targets for the header files it lists as dependencies, and the Makefiles won't refuse to attempt to rebuild a C unit which no longer includes the deleted header. Signed-off-by:
David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/9fc8b5395321abbfcaf5d78477a9a7cd350b08e4.camel@infradead.orgSigned-off-by:
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angquan yu authored
Pass MAGIC_TOKEN to __TEST_REQUIRE() when printing the help message about needing to pass a magic value to manually run the NX hugepages test, otherwise the help message will contain garbage. In file included from x86_64/nx_huge_pages_test.c:15: x86_64/nx_huge_pages_test.c: In function ‘main’: include/test_util.h:40:32: error: format ‘%d’ expects a matching ‘int’ argument [-Werror=format=] 40 | ksft_exit_skip("- " fmt "\n", ##__VA_ARGS__); \ | ^~~~ x86_64/nx_huge_pages_test.c:259:9: note: in expansion of macro ‘__TEST_REQUIRE’ 259 | __TEST_REQUIRE(token == MAGIC_TOKEN, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Signed-off-by:angquan yu <angquan21@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231128221105.63093-1-angquan21@gmail.com [sean: rewrite shortlog+changelog] Signed-off-by:
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- 21 Nov, 2023 1 commit
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Paolo Bonzini authored
MEM_REGION_SLOT and MEM_REGION_GPA are not really needed in test_invalid_memory_region_flags; the VM never runs and there are no other slots, so it is okay to use slot 0 and place it at address zero. This fixes compilation on architectures that do not define them. Fixes: 5d743164 ("KVM: selftests: Add a memory region subtest to validate invalid flags") Signed-off-by:
Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
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- 14 Nov, 2023 22 commits
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Paolo Bonzini authored
Introduce several new KVM uAPIs to ultimately create a guest-first memory subsystem within KVM, a.k.a. guest_memfd. Guest-first memory allows KVM to provide features, enhancements, and optimizations that are kludgly or outright impossible to implement in a generic memory subsystem. The core KVM ioctl() for guest_memfd is KVM_CREATE_GUEST_MEMFD, which similar to the generic memfd_create(), creates an anonymous file and returns a file descriptor that refers to it. Again like "regular" memfd files, guest_memfd files live in RAM, have volatile storage, and are automatically released when the last reference is dropped. The key differences between memfd files (and every other memory subystem) is that guest_memfd files are bound to their owning virtual machine, cannot be mapped, read, or written by userspace, and cannot be resized. guest_memfd files do however support PUNCH_HOLE, which can be used to convert a guest memory area between the shared and guest-private states. A second KVM ioctl(), KVM_SET_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES, allows userspace to specify attributes for a given page of guest memory. In the long term, it will likely be extended to allow userspace to specify per-gfn RWX protections, including allowing memory to be writable in the guest without it also being writable in host userspace. The immediate and driving use case for guest_memfd are Confidential (CoCo) VMs, specifically AMD's SEV-SNP, Intel's TDX, and KVM's own pKVM. For such use cases, being able to map memory into KVM guests without requiring said memory to be mapped into the host is a hard requirement. While SEV+ and TDX prevent untrusted software from reading guest private data by encrypting guest memory, pKVM provides confidentiality and integrity *without* relying on memory encryption. In addition, with SEV-SNP and especially TDX, accessing guest private memory can be fatal to the host, i.e. KVM must be prevent host userspace from accessing guest memory irrespective of hardware behavior. Long term, guest_memfd may be useful for use cases beyond CoCo VMs, for example hardening userspace against unintentional accesses to guest memory. As mentioned earlier, KVM's ABI uses userspace VMA protections to define the allow guest protection (with an exception granted to mapping guest memory executable), and similarly KVM currently requires the guest mapping size to be a strict subset of the host userspace mapping size. Decoupling the mappings sizes would allow userspace to precisely map only what is needed and with the required permissions, without impacting guest performance. A guest-first memory subsystem also provides clearer line of sight to things like a dedicated memory pool (for slice-of-hardware VMs) and elimination of "struct page" (for offload setups where userspace _never_ needs to DMA from or into guest memory). guest_memfd is the result of 3+ years of development and exploration; taking on memory management responsibilities in KVM was not the first, second, or even third choice for supporting CoCo VMs. But after many failed attempts to avoid KVM-specific backing memory, and looking at where things ended up, it is quite clear that of all approaches tried, guest_memfd is the simplest, most robust, and most extensible, and the right thing to do for KVM and the kernel at-large. The "development cycle" for this version is going to be very short; ideally, next week I will merge it as is in kvm/next, taking this through the KVM tree for 6.8 immediately after the end of the merge window. The series is still based on 6.6 (plus KVM changes for 6.7) so it will require a small fixup for changes to get_file_rcu() introduced in 6.7 by commit 0ede61d8 ("file: convert to SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU"). The fixup will be done as part of the merge commit, and most of the text above will become the commit message for the merge. Pending post-merge work includes: - hugepage support - looking into using the restrictedmem framework for guest memory - introducing a testing mechanism to poison memory, possibly using the same memory attributes introduced here - SNP and TDX support There are two non-KVM patches buried in the middle of this series: fs: Rename anon_inode_getfile_secure() and anon_inode_getfd_secure() mm: Add AS_UNMOVABLE to mark mapping as completely unmovable The first is small and mostly suggested-by Christian Brauner; the second a bit less so but it was written by an mm person (Vlastimil Babka).
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Sean Christopherson authored
Add a subtest to set_memory_region_test to verify that KVM rejects invalid flags and combinations with -EINVAL. KVM might or might not fail with EINVAL anyways, but we can at least try. Signed-off-by:
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Ackerley Tng authored
"Testing private access when memslot gets deleted" tests the behavior of KVM when a private memslot gets deleted while the VM is using the private memslot. When KVM looks up the deleted (slot = NULL) memslot, KVM should exit to userspace with KVM_EXIT_MEMORY_FAULT. In the second test, upon a private access to non-private memslot, KVM should also exit to userspace with KVM_EXIT_MEMORY_FAULT. Intentionally don't take a requirement on KVM_CAP_GUEST_MEMFD, KVM_CAP_MEMORY_FAULT_INFO, KVM_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTE_PRIVATE, etc., as it's a KVM bug to advertise KVM_X86_SW_PROTECTED_VM without its prerequisites. Signed-off-by:
Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@google.com> [sean: call out the similarities with set_memory_region_test] Signed-off-by:
Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com> Tested-by:
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Chao Peng authored
Add a selftest to verify the basic functionality of guest_memfd(): + file descriptor created with the guest_memfd() ioctl does not allow read/write/mmap operations + file size and block size as returned from fstat are as expected + fallocate on the fd checks that offset/length on fallocate(FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE) should be page aligned + invalid inputs (misaligned size, invalid flags) are rejected + file size and inode are unique (the innocuous-sounding anon_inode_getfile() backs all files with a single inode...) Signed-off-by:
Chao Peng <chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com> Co-developed-by:
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Chao Peng authored
Expand set_memory_region_test to exercise various positive and negative testcases for private memory. - Non-guest_memfd() file descriptor for private memory - guest_memfd() from different VM - Overlapping bindings - Unaligned bindings Signed-off-by:
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Chao Peng authored
Add helpers to invoke KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 directly so that tests can validate of features that are unique to "version 2" of "set user memory region", e.g. do negative testing on gmem_fd and gmem_offset. Provide a raw version as well as an assert-success version to reduce the amount of boilerplate code need for basic usage. Signed-off-by:
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Vishal Annapurve authored
Add a selftest to exercise implicit/explicit conversion functionality within KVM and verify: - Shared memory is visible to host userspace - Private memory is not visible to host userspace - Host userspace and guest can communicate over shared memory - Data in shared backing is preserved across conversions (test's host userspace doesn't free the data) - Private memory is bound to the lifetime of the VM Ideally, KVM's selftests infrastructure would be reworked to allow backing a single region of guest memory with multiple memslots for _all_ backing types and shapes, i.e. ideally the code for using a single backing fd across multiple memslots would work for "regular" memory as well. But sadly, support for KVM_CREATE_GUEST_MEMFD has languished for far too long, and overhauling selftests' memslots infrastructure would likely open a can of worms, i.e. delay things even further. In addition to the more obvious tests, verify that PUNCH_HOLE actually frees memory. Directly verifying that KVM frees memory is impractical, if it's even possible, so instead indirectly verify memory is freed by asserting that the guest reads zeroes after a PUNCH_HOLE. E.g. if KVM zaps SPTEs but doesn't actually punch a hole in the inode, the subsequent read will still see the previous value. And obviously punching a hole shouldn't cause explosions. Let the user specify the number of memslots in the private mem conversion test, i.e. don't require the number of memslots to be '1' or "nr_vcpus". Creating more memslots than vCPUs is particularly interesting, e.g. it can result in a single KVM_SET_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES spanning multiple memslots. To keep the math reasonable, align each vCPU's chunk to at least 2MiB (the size is 2MiB+4KiB), and require the total size to be cleanly divisible by the number of memslots. The goal is to be able to validate that KVM plays nice with multiple memslots, being able to create a truly arbitrary number of memslots doesn't add meaningful value, i.e. isn't worth the cost. Intentionally don't take a requirement on KVM_CAP_GUEST_MEMFD, KVM_CAP_MEMORY_FAULT_INFO, KVM_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTE_PRIVATE, etc., as it's a KVM bug to advertise KVM_X86_SW_PROTECTED_VM without its prerequisites. Signed-off-by:
Vishal Annapurve <vannapurve@google.com> Co-developed-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Add GUEST_SYNC[1-6]() so that tests can pass the maximum amount of information supported via ucall(), without needing to resort to shared memory. Signed-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Add a "vm_shape" structure to encapsulate the selftests-defined "mode", along with the KVM-defined "type" for use when creating a new VM. "mode" tracks physical and virtual address properties, as well as the preferred backing memory type, while "type" corresponds to the VM type. Taking the VM type will allow adding tests for KVM_CREATE_GUEST_MEMFD without needing an entirely separate set of helpers. At this time, guest_memfd is effectively usable only by confidential VM types in the form of guest private memory, and it's expected that x86 will double down and require unique VM types for TDX and SNP guests. Signed-off-by:
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Vishal Annapurve authored
Add helpers for x86 guests to invoke the KVM_HC_MAP_GPA_RANGE hypercall, which KVM will forward to userspace and thus can be used by tests to coordinate private<=>shared conversions between host userspace code and guest code. Signed-off-by:
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Vishal Annapurve authored
Add helpers to convert memory between private and shared via KVM's memory attributes, as well as helpers to free/allocate guest_memfd memory via fallocate(). Userspace, i.e. tests, is NOT required to do fallocate() when converting memory, as the attributes are the single source of truth. Provide allocate() helpers so that tests can mimic a userspace that frees private memory on conversion, e.g. to prioritize memory usage over performance. Signed-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Add support for creating "private" memslots via KVM_CREATE_GUEST_MEMFD and KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2. Make vm_userspace_mem_region_add() a wrapper to its effective replacement, vm_mem_add(), so that private memslots are fully opt-in, i.e. don't require update all tests that add memory regions. Pivot on the KVM_MEM_PRIVATE flag instead of the validity of the "gmem" file descriptor so that simple tests can let vm_mem_add() do the heavy lifting of creating the guest memfd, but also allow the caller to pass in an explicit fd+offset so that fancier tests can do things like back multiple memslots with a single file. If the caller passes in a fd, dup() the fd so that (a) __vm_mem_region_delete() can close the fd associated with the memory region without needing yet another flag, and (b) so that the caller can safely close its copy of the fd without having to first destroy memslots. Co-developed-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Use KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 throughout KVM's selftests library so that support for guest private memory can be added without needing an entirely separate set of helpers. Note, this obviously makes selftests backwards-incompatible with older KVM versions from this point forward. Signed-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Drop kvm_userspace_memory_region_find(), it's unused and a terrible API (probably why it's unused). If anything outside of kvm_util.c needs to get at the memslot, userspace_mem_region_find() can be exposed to give others full access to all memory region/slot information. Signed-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Add a new x86 VM type, KVM_X86_SW_PROTECTED_VM, to serve as a development and testing vehicle for Confidential (CoCo) VMs, and potentially to even become a "real" product in the distant future, e.g. a la pKVM. The private memory support in KVM x86 is aimed at AMD's SEV-SNP and Intel's TDX, but those technologies are extremely complex (understatement), difficult to debug, don't support running as nested guests, and require hardware that's isn't universally accessible. I.e. relying SEV-SNP or TDX for maintaining guest private memory isn't a realistic option. At the very least, KVM_X86_SW_PROTECTED_VM will enable a variety of selftests for guest_memfd and private memory support without requiring unique hardware. Signed-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Let x86 track the number of address spaces on a per-VM basis so that KVM can disallow SMM memslots for confidential VMs. Confidentials VMs are fundamentally incompatible with emulating SMM, which as the name suggests requires being able to read and write guest memory and register state. Disallowing SMM will simplify support for guest private memory, as KVM will not need to worry about tracking memory attributes for multiple address spaces (SMM is the only "non-default" address space across all architectures). Signed-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Drop __KVM_VCPU_MULTIPLE_ADDRESS_SPACE and instead check the value of KVM_ADDRESS_SPACE_NUM. No functional change intended. Reviewed-by:
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Chao Peng authored
Add support for resolving page faults on guest private memory for VMs that differentiate between "shared" and "private" memory. For such VMs, KVM_MEM_GUEST_MEMFD memslots can include both fd-based private memory and hva-based shared memory, and KVM needs to map in the "correct" variant, i.e. KVM needs to map the gfn shared/private as appropriate based on the current state of the gfn's KVM_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTE_PRIVATE flag. For AMD's SEV-SNP and Intel's TDX, the guest effectively gets to request shared vs. private via a bit in the guest page tables, i.e. what the guest wants may conflict with the current memory attributes. To support such "implicit" conversion requests, exit to user with KVM_EXIT_MEMORY_FAULT to forward the request to userspace. Add a new flag for memory faults, KVM_MEMORY_EXIT_FLAG_PRIVATE, to communicate whether the guest wants to map memory as shared vs. private. Like KVM_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTE_PRIVATE, use bit 3 for flagging private memory so that KVM can use bits 0-2 for capturing RWX behavior if/when userspace needs such information, e.g. a likely user of KVM_EXIT_MEMORY_FAULT is to exit on missing mappings when handling guest page fault VM-Exits. In that case, userspace will want to know RWX information in order to correctly/precisely resolve the fault. Note, private memory *must* be backed by guest_memfd, i.e. shared mappings always come from the host userspace page tables, and private mappings always come from a guest_memfd instance. Co-developed-by:
Yu Zhang <yu.c.zhang@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Chao Peng authored
Disallow creating hugepages with mixed memory attributes, e.g. shared versus private, as mapping a hugepage in this case would allow the guest to access memory with the wrong attributes, e.g. overlaying private memory with a shared hugepage. Tracking whether or not attributes are mixed via the existing disallow_lpage field, but use the most significant bit in 'disallow_lpage' to indicate a hugepage has mixed attributes instead using the normal refcounting. Whether or not attributes are mixed is binary; either they are or they aren't. Attempting to squeeze that info into the refcount is unnecessarily complex as it would require knowing the previous state of the mixed count when updating attributes. Using a flag means KVM just needs to ensure the current status is reflected in the memslots. Signed-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Initialize run->exit_reason to KVM_EXIT_UNKNOWN early in KVM_RUN to reduce the probability of exiting to userspace with a stale run->exit_reason that *appears* to be valid. To support fd-based guest memory (guest memory without a corresponding userspace virtual address), KVM will exit to userspace for various memory related errors, which userspace *may* be able to resolve, instead of using e.g. BUS_MCEERR_AR. And in the more distant future, KVM will also likely utilize the same functionality to let userspace "intercept" and handle memory faults when the userspace mapping is missing, i.e. when fast gup() fails. Because many of KVM's internal APIs related to guest memory use '0' to indicate "success, continue on" and not "exit to userspace", reporting memory faults/errors to userspace will set run->exit_reason and corresponding fields in the run structure fields in conjunction with a a non-zero, negative return code, e.g. -EFAULT or -EHWPOISON. And because KVM already returns -EFAULT in many paths, there's a relatively high probability that KVM could return -EFAULT without setting run->exit_reason, in which case reporting KVM_EXIT_UNKNOWN is much better than reporting whatever exit reason happened to be in the run structure. Note, KVM must wait until after run->immediate_exit is serviced to sanitize run->exit_reason as KVM's ABI is that run->exit_reason is preserved across KVM_RUN when run->immediate_exit is true. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230908222905.1321305-1-amoorthy@google.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/ZFFbwOXZ5uI%2Fgdaf@google.comSigned-off-by:
Xiaoyao Li <xiaoyao.li@intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Introduce an ioctl(), KVM_CREATE_GUEST_MEMFD, to allow creating file-based memory that is tied to a specific KVM virtual machine and whose primary purpose is to serve guest memory. A guest-first memory subsystem allows for optimizations and enhancements that are kludgy or outright infeasible to implement/support in a generic memory subsystem. With guest_memfd, guest protections and mapping sizes are fully decoupled from host userspace mappings. E.g. KVM currently doesn't support mapping memory as writable in the guest without it also being writable in host userspace, as KVM's ABI uses VMA protections to define the allow guest protection. Userspace can fudge this by establishing two mappings, a writable mapping for the guest and readable one for itself, but that’s suboptimal on multiple fronts. Similarly, KVM currently requires the guest mapping size to be a strict subset of the host userspace mapping size, e.g. KVM doesn’t support creating a 1GiB guest mapping unless userspace also has a 1GiB guest mapping. Decoupling the mappings sizes would allow userspace to precisely map only what is needed without impacting guest performance, e.g. to harden against unintentional accesses to guest memory. Decoupling guest and userspace mappings may also allow for a cleaner alternative to high-granularity mappings for HugeTLB, which has reached a bit of an impasse and is unlikely to ever be merged. A guest-first memory subsystem also provides clearer line of sight to things like a dedicated memory pool (for slice-of-hardware VMs) and elimination of "struct page" (for offload setups where userspace _never_ needs to mmap() guest memory). More immediately, being able to map memory into KVM guests without mapping said memory into the host is critical for Confidential VMs (CoCo VMs), the initial use case for guest_memfd. While AMD's SEV and Intel's TDX prevent untrusted software from reading guest private data by encrypting guest memory with a key that isn't usable by the untrusted host, projects such as Protected KVM (pKVM) provide confidentiality and integrity *without* relying on memory encryption. And with SEV-SNP and TDX, accessing guest private memory can be fatal to the host, i.e. KVM must be prevent host userspace from accessing guest memory irrespective of hardware behavior. Attempt #1 to support CoCo VMs was to add a VMA flag to mark memory as being mappable only by KVM (or a similarly enlightened kernel subsystem). That approach was abandoned largely due to it needing to play games with PROT_NONE to prevent userspace from accessing guest memory. Attempt #2 to was to usurp PG_hwpoison to prevent the host from mapping guest private memory into userspace, but that approach failed to meet several requirements for software-based CoCo VMs, e.g. pKVM, as the kernel wouldn't easily be able to enforce a 1:1 page:guest association, let alone a 1:1 pfn:gfn mapping. And using PG_hwpoison does not work for memory that isn't backed by 'struct page', e.g. if devices gain support for exposing encrypted memory regions to guests. Attempt #3 was to extend the memfd() syscall and wrap shmem to provide dedicated file-based guest memory. That approach made it as far as v10 before feedback from Hugh Dickins and Christian Brauner (and others) led to it demise. Hugh's objection was that piggybacking shmem made no sense for KVM's use case as KVM didn't actually *want* the features provided by shmem. I.e. KVM was using memfd() and shmem to avoid having to manage memory directly, not because memfd() and shmem were the optimal solution, e.g. things like read/write/mmap in shmem were dead weight. Christian pointed out flaws with implementing a partial overlay (wrapping only _some_ of shmem), e.g. poking at inode_operations or super_operations would show shmem stuff, but address_space_operations and file_operations would show KVM's overlay. Paraphrashing heavily, Christian suggested KVM stop being lazy and create a proper API. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20201020061859.18385-1-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20210416154106.23721-1-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20210824005248.200037-1-seanjc@google.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20211111141352.26311-1-chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20221202061347.1070246-1-chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/ff5c5b97-acdf-9745-ebe5-c6609dd6322e@google.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230418-anfallen-irdisch-6993a61be10b@brauner Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/ZEM5Zq8oo+xnApW9@google.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20230306191944.GA15773@monkey Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/ZII1p8ZHlHaQ3dDl@casper.infradead.org Cc: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com> Cc: Vishal Annapurve <vannapurve@google.com> Cc: Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@google.com> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Maciej Szmigiero <mail@maciej.szmigiero.name> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Quentin Perret <qperret@google.com> Cc: Michael Roth <michael.roth@amd.com> Cc: Wang <wei.w.wang@intel.com> Cc: Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com> Cc: Isaku Yamahata <isaku.yamahata@gmail.com> Co-developed-by:
Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by:
Isaku Yamahata <isaku.yamahata@intel.com> Signed-off-by:
Michael Roth <michael.roth@amd.com> Signed-off-by:
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Paolo Bonzini authored
The call to the inode_init_security_anon() LSM hook is not the sole reason to use anon_inode_getfile_secure() or anon_inode_getfd_secure(). For example, the functions also allow one to create a file with non-zero size, without needing a full-blown filesystem. In this case, you don't need a "secure" version, just unique inodes; the current name of the functions is confusing and does not explain well the difference with the more "standard" anon_inode_getfile() and anon_inode_getfd(). Of course, there is another side of the coin; neither io_uring nor userfaultfd strictly speaking need distinct inodes, and it is not that clear anymore that anon_inode_create_get{file,fd}() allow the LSM to intercept and block the inode's creation. If one was so inclined, anon_inode_getfile_secure() and anon_inode_getfd_secure() could be kept, using the shared inode or a new one depending on CONFIG_SECURITY. However, this is probably overkill, and potentially a cause of bugs in different configurations. Therefore, just add a comment to io_uring and userfaultfd explaining the choice of the function. While at it, remove the export for what is now anon_inode_create_getfd(). There is no in-tree module that uses it, and the old name is gone anyway. If anybody actually needs the symbol, they can ask or they can just use anon_inode_create_getfile(), which will be exported very soon for use in KVM. Suggested-by:Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Reviewed-by:
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- 13 Nov, 2023 10 commits
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Sean Christopherson authored
Add an "unmovable" flag for mappings that cannot be migrated under any circumstance. KVM will use the flag for its upcoming GUEST_MEMFD support, which will not support compaction/migration, at least not in the foreseeable future. Test AS_UNMOVABLE under folio lock as already done for the async compaction/dirty folio case, as the mapping can be removed by truncation while compaction is running. To avoid having to lock every folio with a mapping, assume/require that unmovable mappings are also unevictable, and have mapping_set_unmovable() also set AS_UNEVICTABLE. Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Co-developed-by:
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by:
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Chao Peng authored
In confidential computing usages, whether a page is private or shared is necessary information for KVM to perform operations like page fault handling, page zapping etc. There are other potential use cases for per-page memory attributes, e.g. to make memory read-only (or no-exec, or exec-only, etc.) without having to modify memslots. Introduce the KVM_SET_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES ioctl, advertised by KVM_CAP_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES, to allow userspace to set the per-page memory attributes to a guest memory range. Use an xarray to store the per-page attributes internally, with a naive, not fully optimized implementation, i.e. prioritize correctness over performance for the initial implementation. Use bit 3 for the PRIVATE attribute so that KVM can use bits 0-2 for RWX attributes/protections in the future, e.g. to give userspace fine-grained control over read, write, and execute protections for guest memory. Provide arch hooks for handling attribute changes before and after common code sets the new attributes, e.g. x86 will use the "pre" hook to zap all relevant mappings, and the "post" hook to track whether or not hugepages can be used to map the range. To simplify the implementation wrap the entire sequence with kvm_mmu_invalidate_{begin,end}() even though the operation isn't strictly guaranteed to be an invalidation. For the initial use case, x86 *will* always invalidate memory, and preventing arch code from creating new mappings while the attributes are in flux makes it much easier to reason about the correctness of consuming attributes. It's possible that future usages may not require an invalidation, e.g. if KVM ends up supporting RWX protections and userspace grants _more_ protections, but again opt for simplicity and punt optimizations to if/when they are needed. Suggested-by: -
Sean Christopherson authored
Drop the .on_unlock() mmu_notifer hook now that it's no longer used for notifying arch code that memory has been reclaimed. Adding .on_unlock() and invoking it *after* dropping mmu_lock was a terrible idea, as doing so resulted in .on_lock() and .on_unlock() having divergent and asymmetric behavior, and set future developers up for failure, i.e. all but asked for bugs where KVM relied on using .on_unlock() to try to run a callback while holding mmu_lock. Opportunistically add a lockdep assertion in kvm_mmu_invalidate_end() to guard against future bugs of this nature. Reported-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Handle AMD SEV's kvm_arch_guest_memory_reclaimed() hook by having __kvm_handle_hva_range() return whether or not an overlapping memslot was found, i.e. mmu_lock was acquired. Using the .on_unlock() hook works, but kvm_arch_guest_memory_reclaimed() needs to run after dropping mmu_lock, which makes .on_lock() and .on_unlock() asymmetrical. Use a small struct to return the tuple of the notifier-specific return, plus whether or not overlap was found. Because the iteration helpers are __always_inlined, practically speaking, the struct will never actually be returned from a function call (not to mention the size of the struct will be two bytes in practice). Signed-off-by:
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Chao Peng authored
Add a new KVM exit type to allow userspace to handle memory faults that KVM cannot resolve, but that userspace *may* be able to handle (without terminating the guest). KVM will initially use KVM_EXIT_MEMORY_FAULT to report implicit conversions between private and shared memory. With guest private memory, there will be two kind of memory conversions: - explicit conversion: happens when the guest explicitly calls into KVM to map a range (as private or shared) - implicit conversion: happens when the guest attempts to access a gfn that is configured in the "wrong" state (private vs. shared) On x86 (first architecture to support guest private memory), explicit conversions will be reported via KVM_EXIT_HYPERCALL+KVM_HC_MAP_GPA_RANGE, but reporting KVM_EXIT_HYPERCALL for implicit conversions is undesriable as there is (obviously) no hypercall, and there is no guarantee that the guest actually intends to convert between private and shared, i.e. what KVM thinks is an implicit conversion "request" could actually be the result of a guest code bug. KVM_EXIT_MEMORY_FAULT will be used to report memory faults that appear to be implicit conversions. Note! To allow for future possibilities where KVM reports KVM_EXIT_MEMORY_FAULT and fills run->memory_fault on _any_ unresolved fault, KVM returns "-EFAULT" (-1 with errno == EFAULT from userspace's perspective), not '0'! Due to historical baggage within KVM, exiting to userspace with '0' from deep callstacks, e.g. in emulation paths, is infeasible as doing so would require a near-complete overhaul of KVM, whereas KVM already propagates -errno return codes to userspace even when the -errno originated in a low level helper. Report the gpa+size instead of a single gfn even though the initial usage is expected to always report single pages. It's entirely possible, likely even, that KVM will someday support sub-page granularity faults, e.g. Intel's sub-page protection feature allows for additional protections at 128-byte granularity. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230908222905.1321305-5-amoorthy@google.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/ZQ3AmLO2SYv3DszH@google.com Cc: Anish Moorthy <amoorthy@google.com> Cc: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Suggested-by: -
Sean Christopherson authored
Introduce a "version 2" of KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION so that additional information can be supplied without setting userspace up to fail. The padding in the new kvm_userspace_memory_region2 structure will be used to pass a file descriptor in addition to the userspace_addr, i.e. allow userspace to point at a file descriptor and map memory into a guest that is NOT mapped into host userspace. Alternatively, KVM could simply add "struct kvm_userspace_memory_region2" without a new ioctl(), but as Paolo pointed out, adding a new ioctl() makes detection of bad flags a bit more robust, e.g. if the new fd field is guarded only by a flag and not a new ioctl(), then a userspace bug (setting a "bad" flag) would generate out-of-bounds access instead of an -EINVAL error. Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Reviewed-by:
Kai Huang <kai.huang@intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Convert KVM_ARCH_WANT_MMU_NOTIFIER into a Kconfig and select it where appropriate to effectively maintain existing behavior. Using a proper Kconfig will simplify building more functionality on top of KVM's mmu_notifier infrastructure. Add a forward declaration of kvm_gfn_range to kvm_types.h so that including arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_ppc.h's with CONFIG_KVM=n doesn't generate warnings due to kvm_gfn_range being undeclared. PPC defines hooks for PR vs. HV without guarding them via #ifdeffery, e.g. bool (*unmap_gfn_range)(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range); bool (*age_gfn)(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range); bool (*test_age_gfn)(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range); bool (*set_spte_gfn)(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_gfn_range *range); Alternatively, PPC could forward declare kvm_gfn_range, but there's no good reason not to define it in common KVM. Acked-by:
Anup Patel <anup@brainfault.org> Signed-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Advertise that KVM's MMU is synchronized with the primary MMU for all flavors of PPC KVM support, i.e. advertise that the MMU is synchronized when CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_HV_POSSIBLE=y but the VM is not using hypervisor mode (a.k.a. PR VMs). PR VMs, via kvm_unmap_gfn_range_pr(), do the right thing for mmu_notifier invalidation events, and more tellingly, KVM returns '1' for KVM_CAP_SYNC_MMU when CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_HV_POSSIBLE=n and CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_PR_POSSIBLE=y, i.e. KVM already advertises a synchronized MMU for PR VMs, just not when CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_HV_POSSIBLE=y. Suggested-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Assert that both KVM_ARCH_WANT_MMU_NOTIFIER and CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER are defined when KVM is enabled, and return '1' unconditionally for the CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_HV_POSSIBLE=n path. All flavors of PPC support for KVM select MMU_NOTIFIER, and KVM_ARCH_WANT_MMU_NOTIFIER is unconditionally defined by arch/powerpc/include/asm/kvm_host.h. Effectively dropping use of KVM_ARCH_WANT_MMU_NOTIFIER will simplify a future cleanup to turn KVM_ARCH_WANT_MMU_NOTIFIER into a Kconfig, i.e. will allow combining all of the #if defined(CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER) && defined(KVM_ARCH_WANT_MMU_NOTIFIER) checks into a single #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_MMU_NOTIFIER without having to worry about PPC's "bare" usage of KVM_ARCH_WANT_MMU_NOTIFIER. Signed-off-by:
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Sean Christopherson authored
Add an assertion that there are no in-progress MMU invalidations when a VM is being destroyed, with the exception of the scenario where KVM unregisters its MMU notifier between an .invalidate_range_start() call and the corresponding .invalidate_range_end(). KVM can't detect unpaired calls from the mmu_notifier due to the above exception waiver, but the assertion can detect KVM bugs, e.g. such as the bug that *almost* escaped initial guest_memfd development. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/e397d30c-c6af-e68f-d18e-b4e3739c5389@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by:
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