Merge tag 'perf-urgent-for-mingo-4.12-20170704' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/acme/linux into perf/urgent

Pull perf/urgent fixes from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo:

User visible changes:

 - Fix max attr.precise_ip probing to make perf use the best cycles:p
   available in the processor for non root users (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)

 - Fix processing of MMAP events for 32-bit binaries on 64-bit systems
   when unwind support is not fully integrated, fixing DSO and symbol
   resolution (Jiri Olsa)
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

We currently fail the MMAP event processing if we don't have the MMAP
event's specific arch unwind support compiled in.

That's wrong and can lead to unresolved mmaps in report output for 32bit
binaries on 64bit server, like in this example on x86_64 server:

  $ cat ex.c
  int main(int argc, char **argv)
  {
          while (1) {}
  }
  $ gcc -o ex -m32 ex.c
  $ perf record ./ex
  ^C[ perf record: Woken up 2 times to write data ]
  [ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.371 MB perf.data (9322 samples) ]

Before:
  $ perf report --stdio

  SNIP

  # Overhead  Command  Shared Object     Symbol
  # ........  .......  ................  ......................
  #
     100.00%  ex       [unknown]         [.] 0x00000000080483de
       0.00%  ex       [unknown]         [.] 0x00000000f76dba4f
       0.00%  ex       [unknown]         [.] 0x00000000f76e4c11
       0.00%  ex       [unknown]         [.] 0x00000000f76daa30

After:
  $ perf report --stdio

  SNIP

  # Overhead  Command  Shared Object  Symbol
  # ........  .......  .............  ...............
  #
     100.00%  ex       ex             [.] main
       0.00%  ex       ld-2.24.so     [.] _dl_start
       0.00%  ex       ld-2.24.so     [.] do_lookup_x
       0.00%  ex       ld-2.24.so     [.] _start

The fix is not to fail, just warn if there's not unwind support compiled
in.
Reported-by: Michael Lyle <mlyle@lyle.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170704131131.27508-1-jolsa@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

We should set attr.exclude_kernel when probing for attr.precise_ip
level, otherwise !CAP_SYS_ADMIN users will not default to skidless
samples in capable hardware.

The increase in the paranoid level in commit 0161028b ("perf/core:
Change the default paranoia level to 2") broke this, fix it by excluding
kernel samples when probing.

Before:

  $ perf record usleep 1
  [ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
  [ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.018 MB perf.data (6 samples) ]
  $ perf evlist -v
  cycles:u: sample_freq: 4000, sample_type: IP|TID|TIME|PERIOD, exclude_kernel: 1

After:

  $ perf record usleep 1
  [ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
  [ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.018 MB perf.data (8 samples) ]
  $ perf evlist -v
  cycles:ppp: sample_freq: 4000, sample_type: IP|TID|TIME|PERIOD, exclude_kernel: 1, precise_ip: 3
                                                                                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                                                                                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                                                                                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  $

To further clarify: we always set .exclude_kernel when non !CAP_SYS_ADMIN
users profile, its just on the attr.precise_ip probing that we weren't doing
so, fix it.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Fixes: 7f8d1ade ("perf tools: By default use the most precise "cycles" hw counter available")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-t2qttwhbnua62o5gt75cueml@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Pull RAS updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "The RAS updates for the 4.13 merge window:

   - Cleanup of the MCE injection facility (Borsilav Petkov)

   - Rework of the AMD/SMCA handling (Yazen Ghannam)

   - Enhancements for ACPI/APEI to handle new notitication types (Shiju
     Jose)

   - atomic_t to refcount_t conversion (Elena Reshetova)

   - A few fixes and enhancements all over the place"

* 'ras-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  RAS/CEC: Check the correct variable in the debugfs error handling
  x86/mce: Always save severity in machine_check_poll()
  x86/MCE, xen/mcelog: Make /dev/mcelog registration messages more precise
  x86/mce: Update bootlog description to reflect behavior on AMD
  x86/mce: Don't disable MCA banks when offlining a CPU on AMD
  x86/mce/mce-inject: Preset the MCE injection struct
  x86/mce: Clean up include files
  x86/mce: Get rid of register_mce_write_callback()
  x86/mce: Merge mce_amd_inj into mce-inject
  x86/mce/AMD: Use saved threshold block info in interrupt handler
  x86/mce/AMD: Use msr_stat when clearing MCA_STATUS
  x86/mce/AMD: Carve out SMCA bank configuration
  x86/mce/AMD: Redo error logging from APIC LVT interrupt handlers
  x86/mce: Convert threshold_bank.cpus from atomic_t to refcount_t
  RAS: Make local function parse_ras_param() static
  ACPI/APEI: Handle GSIV and GPIO notification types

Pull SMP hotplug updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "This update is primarily a cleanup of the CPU hotplug locking code.

  The hotplug locking mechanism is an open coded RWSEM, which allows
  recursive locking. The main problem with that is the recursive nature
  as it evades the full lockdep coverage and hides potential deadlocks.

  The rework replaces the open coded RWSEM with a percpu RWSEM and
  establishes full lockdep coverage that way.

  The bulk of the changes fix up recursive locking issues and address
  the now fully reported potential deadlocks all over the place. Some of
  these deadlocks have been observed in the RT tree, but on mainline the
  probability was low enough to hide them away."

* 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (37 commits)
  cpu/hotplug: Constify attribute_group structures
  powerpc: Only obtain cpu_hotplug_lock if called by rtasd
  ARM/hw_breakpoint: Fix possible recursive locking for arch_hw_breakpoint_init
  cpu/hotplug: Remove unused check_for_tasks() function
  perf/core: Don't release cred_guard_mutex if not taken
  cpuhotplug: Link lock stacks for hotplug callbacks
  acpi/processor: Prevent cpu hotplug deadlock
  sched: Provide is_percpu_thread() helper
  cpu/hotplug: Convert hotplug locking to percpu rwsem
  s390: Prevent hotplug rwsem recursion
  arm: Prevent hotplug rwsem recursion
  arm64: Prevent cpu hotplug rwsem recursion
  kprobes: Cure hotplug lock ordering issues
  jump_label: Reorder hotplug lock and jump_label_lock
  perf/tracing/cpuhotplug: Fix locking order
  ACPI/processor: Use cpu_hotplug_disable() instead of get_online_cpus()
  PCI: Replace the racy recursion prevention
  PCI: Use cpu_hotplug_disable() instead of get_online_cpus()
  perf/x86/intel: Drop get_online_cpus() in intel_snb_check_microcode()
  x86/perf: Drop EXPORT of perf_check_microcode
  ...

Pull x86 timers updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "This update contains:

   - The solution for the TSC deadline timer borkage, which is caused by
     a hardware problem in the TSC_ADJUST/TSC_DEADLINE_TIMER logic.

     The problem is documented now and fixed with a microcode update, so
     we can remove the workaround and just check for the microcode version.

     If the microcode is not up to date, then the TSC deadline timer is
     disabled. If the borkage is fixed by the proper microcode version,
     then the deadline timer can be used. In both cases the restrictions
     to the range of the TSC_ADJUST value, which were added as
     workarounds, are removed.

  - A few simple fixes and updates to the timer related x86 code"

* 'x86-timers-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/tsc: Call check_system_tsc_reliable() before unsynchronized_tsc()
  x86/hpet: Do not use smp_processor_id() in preemptible code
  x86/time: Make setup_default_timer_irq() static
  x86/tsc: Remove the TSC_ADJUST clamp
  x86/apic: Add TSC_DEADLINE quirk due to errata
  x86/apic: Change the lapic name in deadline mode

Pull x86 PCI updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "This update provides the seperation of x86 PCI accessors from the
  global PCI lock in the generic PCI config space accessors.

  The reasons for this are:

   - x86 has it's own PCI config lock for various reasons, so the
     accessors have to lock two locks nested.

   - The ECAM (mmconfig) access to the extended configuration space does
     not require locking. The existing generic locking causes a massive
     lock contention when accessing the extended config space of the
     Uncore facility for performance monitoring.

  The commit which switched the access to the primary config space over
  to ECAM mode has been removed from the branch, so the primary config
  space is still accessed with type1 accessors properly serialized by
  the x86 internal locking.

  Bjorn agreed on merging this through the x86 tree"

* 'x86-platform-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/PCI: Select CONFIG_PCI_LOCKLESS_CONFIG
  PCI: Provide Kconfig option for lockless config space accessors
  x86/PCI/ce4100: Properly lock accessor functions
  x86/PCI: Abort if legacy init fails
  x86/PCI: Remove duplicate defines

Pull irq updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "The irq department delivers:

   - Expand the generic infrastructure handling the irq migration on CPU
     hotplug and convert X86 over to it. (Thomas Gleixner)

     Aside of consolidating code this is a preparatory change for:

   - Finalizing the affinity management for multi-queue devices. The
     main change here is to shut down interrupts which are affine to a
     outgoing CPU and reenabling them when the CPU comes online again.
     That avoids moving interrupts pointlessly around and breaking and
     reestablishing affinities for no value. (Christoph Hellwig)

     Note: This contains also the BLOCK-MQ and NVME changes which depend
     on the rework of the irq core infrastructure. Jens acked them and
     agreed that they should go with the irq changes.

   - Consolidation of irq domain code (Marc Zyngier)

   - State tracking consolidation in the core code (Jeffy Chen)

   - Add debug infrastructure for hierarchical irq domains (Thomas
     Gleixner)

   - Infrastructure enhancement for managing generic interrupt chips via
     devmem (Bartosz Golaszewski)

   - Constification work all over the place (Tobias Klauser)

   - Two new interrupt controller drivers for MVEBU (Thomas Petazzoni)

   - The usual set of fixes, updates and enhancements all over the
     place"

* 'irq-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (112 commits)
  irqchip/or1k-pic: Fix interrupt acknowledgement
  irqchip/irq-mvebu-gicp: Allocate enough memory for spi_bitmap
  irqchip/gic-v3: Fix out-of-bound access in gic_set_affinity
  nvme: Allocate queues for all possible CPUs
  blk-mq: Create hctx for each present CPU
  blk-mq: Include all present CPUs in the default queue mapping
  genirq: Avoid unnecessary low level irq function calls
  genirq: Set irq masked state when initializing irq_desc
  genirq/timings: Add infrastructure for estimating the next interrupt arrival time
  genirq/timings: Add infrastructure to track the interrupt timings
  genirq/debugfs: Remove pointless NULL pointer check
  irqchip/gic-v3-its: Don't assume GICv3 hardware supports 16bit INTID
  irqchip/gic-v3-its: Add ACPI NUMA node mapping
  irqchip/gic-v3-its-platform-msi: Make of_device_ids const
  irqchip/gic-v3-its: Make of_device_ids const
  irqchip/irq-mvebu-icu: Add new driver for Marvell ICU
  irqchip/irq-mvebu-gicp: Add new driver for Marvell GICP
  dt-bindings/interrupt-controller: Add DT binding for the Marvell ICU
  genirq/irqdomain: Remove auto-recursive hierarchy support
  irqchip/MSI: Use irq_domain_update_bus_token instead of an open coded access
  ...

Pull timer updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "A rather large update for timers/timekeeping:

   - compat syscall consolidation (Al Viro)

   - Posix timer consolidation (Christoph Helwig / Thomas Gleixner)

   - Cleanup of the device tree based initialization for clockevents and
     clocksources (Daniel Lezcano)

   - Consolidation of the FTTMR010 clocksource/event driver (Linus
     Walleij)

   - The usual set of small fixes and updates all over the place"

* 'timers-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (93 commits)
  timers: Make the cpu base lock raw
  clocksource/drivers/mips-gic-timer: Fix an error code in 'gic_clocksource_of_init()'
  clocksource/drivers/fsl_ftm_timer: Unmap region obtained by of_iomap
  clocksource/drivers/tcb_clksrc: Make IO endian agnostic
  clocksource/drivers/sun4i: Switch to the timer-of common init
  clocksource/drivers/timer-of: Fix invalid iomap check
  Revert "ktime: Simplify ktime_compare implementation"
  clocksource/drivers: Fix uninitialized variable use in timer_of_init
  kselftests: timers: Add test for frequency step
  kselftests: timers: Fix inconsistency-check to not ignore first timestamp
  time: Add warning about imminent deprecation of CONFIG_GENERIC_TIME_VSYSCALL_OLD
  time: Clean up CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW time handling
  posix-cpu-timers: Make timespec to nsec conversion safe
  itimer: Make timeval to nsec conversion range limited
  timers: Fix parameter description of try_to_del_timer_sync()
  ktime: Simplify ktime_compare implementation
  clocksource/drivers/fttmr010: Factor out clock read code
  clocksource/drivers/fttmr010: Implement delay timer
  clocksource/drivers: Add timer-of common init routine
  clocksource/drivers/tcb_clksrc: Save timer context on suspend/resume
  ...

Pull s390 updates from Martin Schwidefsky:
 "The bulk of the s390 patches for 4.13. Some new things but mostly bug
  fixes and cleanups. Noteworthy changes:

   - The SCM block driver is converted to blk-mq

   - Switch s390 to 5 level page tables. The virtual address space for a
     user space process can now have up to 16EB-4KB.

   - Introduce a ELF phdr flag for qemu to avoid the global
     vm.alloc_pgste which forces all processes to large page tables

   - A couple of PCI improvements to improve error recovery

   - Included is the merge of the base support for proper machine checks
     for KVM"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (52 commits)
  s390/dasd: Fix faulty ENODEV for RO sysfs attribute
  s390/pci: recognize name clashes with uids
  s390/pci: provide more debug information
  s390/pci: fix handling of PEC 306
  s390/pci: improve pci hotplug
  s390/pci: introduce clp_get_state
  s390/pci: improve error handling during fmb (de)registration
  s390/pci: improve unreg_ioat error handling
  s390/pci: improve error handling during interrupt deregistration
  s390/pci: don't cleanup in arch_setup_msi_irqs
  KVM: s390: Backup the guest's machine check info
  s390/nmi: s390: New low level handling for machine check happening in guest
  s390/fpu: export save_fpu_regs for all configs
  s390/kvm: avoid global config of vm.alloc_pgste=1
  s390: rename struct psw_bits members
  s390: rename psw_bits enums
  s390/mm: use correct address space when enabling DAT
  s390/cio: introduce io_subchannel_type
  s390/ipl: revert Load Normal semantics for LPAR CCW-type re-IPL
  s390/dumpstack: remove raw stack dump
  ...

Pull parisc updates from Helge Deller:
 "Main changes are:

   - Added support to the parisc dma functions to return DMA_ERROR_CODE
     if DMA isn't possible. This fixes a long standing kernel crash if
     parport_pc is enabled (by Thomas Bogendoerfer, marked for stable
     series).

   - Use the compat_sys_keyctl() in compat mode (by Eric Biggers, marked
     for stable series).

   - Initial support for the Page Deallocation Table (PDT) which is
     maintained by firmware and holds the list of memory addresses which
     had physical errors. By checking that list we can prevent Linux to
     use those broken memory areas.

   - Ensure IRQs are off in switch_mm().

   - Report SIGSEGV instead of SIGBUS when running out of stack.

   - Mark the cr16 clocksource stable on single-socket and single-core
     machines"

* 'parisc-4.13-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/deller/parisc-linux:
  parisc: DMA API: return error instead of BUG_ON for dma ops on non dma devs
  parisc: Report SIGSEGV instead of SIGBUS when running out of stack
  parisc: use compat_sys_keyctl()
  parisc: Don't hardcode PSW values in hpmc code
  parisc: Don't hardcode PSW values in gsc_*() functions
  parisc: Avoid zeroing gr[0] in fixup_exception()
  parisc/mm: Ensure IRQs are off in switch_mm()
  parisc: Add Page Deallocation Table (PDT) support
  parisc: Enhance detection of synchronous cr16 clocksources
  parisc: Drop per_cpu uaccess related exception_data struct
  parisc: Inline trivial exception code in lusercopy.S

Pull microblaze updates from Michal Simek:

 - timer fix

 - use simplified macro in dma.c

 - wire-up new syscall

 - remove asp-generic wrappers

 - fix MMU table handling

 - defconfig updates

 - low-level entry.S changes

* tag 'microblaze-4.13-rc1' of git://git.monstr.eu/linux-2.6-microblaze:
  microblaze: Fix MSR flags when returning from exception
  microblaze: Separate GP registers from MSR handling
  microblaze: Enabling CONFIG_BRIDGE in mmu_defconfig
  microblaze: Enabling CONFIGS related to MTD
  microblaze: Update defconfigs
  microblaze: mm: Flush TLB to ensure correct mapping when higmem ON
  microblaze: remove asm-generic wrapper headers
  microblaze: wire up statx syscall
  microblaze: Set ->min_delta_ticks and ->max_delta_ticks for timer
  microblaze: use sg_phys()

Pull m68k updates from Geert Uytterhoeven:

  - NuBus improvements and cleanups

  - defconfig updates

  - Fix debugger syscall restart interactions, leading to the global
    removal of ptrace_signal_deliver()

* tag 'm68k-for-v4.13-tag1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/geert/linux-m68k:
  m68k: Remove ptrace_signal_deliver
  m68k/defconfig: Update defconfigs for v4.12-rc1
  nubus: Fix pointer validation
  nubus: Remove slot zero probe

Pull x86 mm updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this cycle were:

   - Continued work to add support for 5-level paging provided by future
     Intel CPUs. In particular we switch the x86 GUP code to the generic
     implementation. (Kirill A. Shutemov)

   - Continued work to add PCID CPU support to native kernels as well.
     In this round most of the focus is on reworking/refreshing the TLB
     flush infrastructure for the upcoming PCID changes. (Andy
     Lutomirski)"

* 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (34 commits)
  x86/mm: Delete a big outdated comment about TLB flushing
  x86/mm: Don't reenter flush_tlb_func_common()
  x86/KASLR: Fix detection 32/64 bit bootloaders for 5-level paging
  x86/ftrace: Exclude functions in head64.c from function-tracing
  x86/mmap, ASLR: Do not treat unlimited-stack tasks as legacy mmap
  x86/mm: Remove reset_lazy_tlbstate()
  x86/ldt: Simplify the LDT switching logic
  x86/boot/64: Put __startup_64() into .head.text
  x86/mm: Add support for 5-level paging for KASLR
  x86/mm: Make kernel_physical_mapping_init() support 5-level paging
  x86/mm: Add sync_global_pgds() for configuration with 5-level paging
  x86/boot/64: Add support of additional page table level during early boot
  x86/boot/64: Rename init_level4_pgt and early_level4_pgt
  x86/boot/64: Rewrite startup_64() in C
  x86/boot/compressed: Enable 5-level paging during decompression stage
  x86/boot/efi: Define __KERNEL32_CS GDT on 64-bit configurations
  x86/boot/efi: Fix __KERNEL_CS definition of GDT entry on 64-bit configurations
  x86/boot/efi: Cleanup initialization of GDT entries
  x86/asm: Fix comment in return_from_SYSCALL_64()
  x86/mm/gup: Switch GUP to the generic get_user_page_fast() implementation
  ...

Pull x86 microcode updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes are a fix early microcode application for
  resume-from-RAM, plus a 32-bit initrd placement fix - by Borislav
  Petkov"

* 'x86-microcode-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/microcode: Make a couple of symbols static
  x86/microcode/intel: Save pointer to ucode patch for early AP loading
  x86/microcode: Look for the initrd at the correct address on 32-bit

Pull x86 hyperv updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Avoid boot time TSC calibration on Hyper-V hosts, to improve
  calibration robustness. (Vitaly Kuznetsov)"

* 'x86-hyperv-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/hyperv: Read TSC frequency from a synthetic MSR
  x86/hyperv: Check frequency MSRs presence according to the specification

Pull x86 debug update from Ingo Molnar:
 "A single fix for an off-by one bug in test_nmi_ipi() that probably
  doesn't matter in practice"

* 'x86-debug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/nmi: Fix timeout test in test_nmi_ipi()

Pull x86 cleanups from Ingo Molnar:
 "Two small cleanups"

* 'x86-cleanups-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/paravirt: Remove unnecessary return from void function
  x86/boot: Add missing strchr() declaration

Pull x86 boot updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this cycle were KASLR improvements for rare
  environments with special boot options, by Baoquan He. Also misc
  smaller changes/cleanups"

* 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/debug: Extend the lower bound of crash kernel low reservations
  x86/boot: Remove unused copy_*_gs() functions
  x86/KASLR: Use the right memcpy() implementation
  Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt: Update 'memmap=' boot option description
  x86/KASLR: Handle the memory limit specified by the 'memmap=' and 'mem=' boot options
  x86/KASLR: Parse all 'memmap=' boot option entries

Pull x86 asm updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "A single commit micro-optimizing short user copies on certain Intel
  CPUs"

* 'x86-asm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/uaccess: Optimize copy_user_enhanced_fast_string() for short strings

Pull x86 apic updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Janitorial changes: removal of an unused function plus __init
  annotations"

* 'x86-apic-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/apic: Make arch_init_msi/htirq_domain __init
  x86/apic: Make init_legacy_irqs() __init
  x86/ioapic: Remove unused IO_APIC_irq_trigger() function

Pull nohz updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this cycle relate to fixing another bad (but
  sporadic and hard to detect) interaction between the dynticks
  scheduler tick and hrtimers, plus related improvements to better
  detection and handling of similar problems - by Frédéric Weisbecker"

* 'timers-nohz-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  nohz: Fix spurious warning when hrtimer and clockevent get out of sync
  nohz: Fix buggy tick delay on IRQ storms
  nohz: Reset next_tick cache even when the timer has no regs
  nohz: Fix collision between tick and other hrtimers, again
  nohz: Add hrtimer sanity check

Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this cycle were:

   - Add the SYSTEM_SCHEDULING bootup state to move various scheduler
     debug checks earlier into the bootup. This turns silent and
     sporadically deadly bugs into nice, deterministic splats. Fix some
     of the splats that triggered. (Thomas Gleixner)

   - A round of restructuring and refactoring of the load-balancing and
     topology code (Peter Zijlstra)

   - Another round of consolidating ~20 of incremental scheduler code
     history: this time in terms of wait-queue nomenclature. (I didn't
     get much feedback on these renaming patches, and we can still
     easily change any names I might have misplaced, so if anyone hates
     a new name, please holler and I'll fix it.) (Ingo Molnar)

   - sched/numa improvements, fixes and updates (Rik van Riel)

   - Another round of x86/tsc scheduler clock code improvements, in hope
     of making it more robust (Peter Zijlstra)

   - Improve NOHZ behavior (Frederic Weisbecker)

   - Deadline scheduler improvements and fixes (Luca Abeni, Daniel
     Bristot de Oliveira)

   - Simplify and optimize the topology setup code (Lauro Ramos
     Venancio)

   - Debloat and decouple scheduler code some more (Nicolas Pitre)

   - Simplify code by making better use of llist primitives (Byungchul
     Park)

   - ... plus other fixes and improvements"

* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (103 commits)
  sched/cputime: Refactor the cputime_adjust() code
  sched/debug: Expose the number of RT/DL tasks that can migrate
  sched/numa: Hide numa_wake_affine() from UP build
  sched/fair: Remove effective_load()
  sched/numa: Implement NUMA node level wake_affine()
  sched/fair: Simplify wake_affine() for the single socket case
  sched/numa: Override part of migrate_degrades_locality() when idle balancing
  sched/rt: Move RT related code from sched/core.c to sched/rt.c
  sched/deadline: Move DL related code from sched/core.c to sched/deadline.c
  sched/cpuset: Only offer CONFIG_CPUSETS if SMP is enabled
  sched/fair: Spare idle load balancing on nohz_full CPUs
  nohz: Move idle balancer registration to the idle path
  sched/loadavg: Generalize "_idle" naming to "_nohz"
  sched/core: Drop the unused try_get_task_struct() helper function
  sched/fair: WARN() and refuse to set buddy when !se->on_rq
  sched/debug: Fix SCHED_WARN_ON() to return a value on !CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG as well
  sched/wait: Disambiguate wq_entry->task_list and wq_head->task_list naming
  sched/wait: Move bit_wait_table[] and related functionality from sched/core.c to sched/wait_bit.c
  sched/wait: Split out the wait_bit*() APIs from <linux/wait.h> into <linux/wait_bit.h>
  sched/wait: Re-adjust macro line continuation backslashes in <linux/wait.h>
  ...

Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Most of the changes are for tooling, the main changes in this cycle were:

   - Improve Intel-PT hardware tracing support, both on the kernel and
     on the tooling side: PTWRITE instruction support, power events for
     C-state tracing, etc. (Adrian Hunter)

   - Add support to measure SMI cost to the x86 architecture, with
     tooling support in 'perf stat' (Kan Liang)

   - Support function filtering in 'perf ftrace', plus related
     improvements (Namhyung Kim)

   - Allow adding and removing fields to the default 'perf script'
     columns, using + or - as field prefixes to do so (Andi Kleen)

   - Allow resolving the DSO name with 'perf script -F brstack{sym,off},dso'
     (Mark Santaniello)

   - Add perf tooling unwind support for PowerPC (Paolo Bonzini)

   - ... and various other improvements as well"

* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (84 commits)
  perf auxtrace: Add CPU filter support
  perf intel-pt: Do not use TSC packets for calculating CPU cycles to TSC
  perf intel-pt: Update documentation to include new ptwrite and power events
  perf intel-pt: Add example script for power events and PTWRITE
  perf intel-pt: Synthesize new power and "ptwrite" events
  perf intel-pt: Move code in intel_pt_synth_events() to simplify attr setting
  perf intel-pt: Factor out intel_pt_set_event_name()
  perf intel-pt: Tidy messages into called function intel_pt_synth_event()
  perf intel-pt: Tidy Intel PT evsel lookup into separate function
  perf intel-pt: Join needlessly wrapped lines
  perf intel-pt: Remove unused instructions_sample_period
  perf intel-pt: Factor out common code synthesizing event samples
  perf script: Add synthesized Intel PT power and ptwrite events
  perf/x86/intel: Constify the 'lbr_desc[]' array and make a function static
  perf script: Add 'synth' field for synthesized event payloads
  perf auxtrace: Add itrace option to output power events
  perf auxtrace: Add itrace option to output ptwrite events
  tools include: Add byte-swapping macros to kernel.h
  perf script: Add 'synth' event type for synthesized events
  x86/insn: perf tools: Add new ptwrite instruction
  ...

Pull locking updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this cycle were:

   - Add CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL=y to allow the disabling of the 'full'
     (robustness checked) refcount_t implementation with slightly lower
     runtime overhead. (Kees Cook)

     The lighter weight variant is the default. The two variants use the
     same API. Having this variant was a precondition by some
     maintainers to merge refcount_t cleanups.

   - Add lockdep support for rtmutexes (Peter Zijlstra)

   - liblockdep fixes and improvements (Sasha Levin, Ben Hutchings)

   - ... misc fixes and improvements"

* 'locking-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (30 commits)
  locking/refcount: Remove the half-implemented refcount_sub() API
  locking/refcount: Create unchecked atomic_t implementation
  locking/rtmutex: Don't initialize lockdep when not required
  locking/selftest: Add RT-mutex support
  locking/selftest: Remove the bad unlock ordering test
  rt_mutex: Add lockdep annotations
  MAINTAINERS: Claim atomic*_t maintainership
  locking/x86: Remove the unused atomic_inc_short() methd
  tools/lib/lockdep: Remove private kernel headers
  tools/lib/lockdep: Hide liblockdep output from test results
  tools/lib/lockdep: Add dummy current_gfp_context()
  tools/include: Add IS_ERR_OR_NULL to err.h
  tools/lib/lockdep: Add empty __is_[module,kernel]_percpu_address
  tools/lib/lockdep: Include err.h
  tools/include: Add (mostly) empty include/linux/sched/mm.h
  tools/lib/lockdep: Use LDFLAGS
  tools/lib/lockdep: Remove double-quotes from soname
  tools/lib/lockdep: Fix object file paths used in an out-of-tree build
  tools/lib/lockdep: Fix compilation for 4.11
  tools/lib/lockdep: Don't mix fd-based and stream IO
  ...

Pull EFI updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this cycle were:

   - Rework the EFI capsule loader to allow for workarounds for
     non-compliant firmware (Ard Biesheuvel)

   - Implement a capsule loader quirk for Quark X102x (Jan Kiszka)

   - Enable SMBIOS/DMI support for the ARM architecture (Ard Biesheuvel)

   - Add CONFIG_EFI_PGT_DUMP=y support for x86-32 and kexec (Sai
     Praneeth)

   - Fixes for EFI support for Xen dom0 guests running under x86-64
     hosts (Daniel Kiper)"

* 'efi-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/xen/efi: Initialize only the EFI struct members used by Xen
  efi: Process the MEMATTR table only if EFI_MEMMAP is enabled
  efi/arm: Enable DMI/SMBIOS
  x86/efi: Extend CONFIG_EFI_PGT_DUMP support to x86_32 and kexec as well
  efi/efi_test: Use memdup_user() helper
  efi/capsule: Add support for Quark security header
  efi/capsule-loader: Use page addresses rather than struct page pointers
  efi/capsule-loader: Redirect calls to efi_capsule_setup_info() via weak alias
  efi/capsule: Remove NULL test on kmap()
  efi/capsule-loader: Use a cached copy of the capsule header
  efi/capsule: Adjust return type of efi_capsule_setup_info()
  efi/capsule: Clean up pr_err/_info() messages
  efi/capsule: Remove pr_debug() on ENOMEM or EFAULT
  efi/capsule: Fix return code on failing kmap/vmap

Pull RCU updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The sole purpose of these changes is to shrink and simplify the RCU
  code base, which has suffered from creeping bloat over the past couple
  of years. The end result is a net removal of ~2700 lines of code:

     79 files changed, 1496 insertions(+), 4211 deletions(-)

  Plus there's a marked reduction in the Kconfig space complexity as
  well, here's the number of matches on 'grep RCU' in the .config:

                               before       after

     x86-defconfig                 17          15
     x86-allmodconfig              33          20"

* 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (86 commits)
  rcu: Remove RCU CPU stall warnings from Tiny RCU
  rcu: Remove event tracing from Tiny RCU
  rcu: Move RCU debug Kconfig options to kernel/rcu
  rcu: Move RCU non-debug Kconfig options to kernel/rcu
  rcu: Eliminate NOCBs CPU-state Kconfig options
  rcu: Remove debugfs tracing
  srcu: Remove Classic SRCU
  srcu: Fix rcutorture-statistics typo
  rcu: Remove SPARSE_RCU_POINTER Kconfig option
  rcu: Remove the now-obsolete PROVE_RCU_REPEATEDLY Kconfig option
  rcu: Remove typecheck() from RCU locking wrapper functions
  rcu: Remove #ifdef moving rcu_end_inkernel_boot from rcupdate.h
  rcu: Remove nohz_full full-system-idle state machine
  rcu: Remove the RCU_KTHREAD_PRIO Kconfig option
  rcu: Remove *_SLOW_* Kconfig options
  srcu: Use rnp->lock wrappers to replace explicit memory barriers
  rcu: Move rnp->lock wrappers for SRCU use
  rcu: Convert rnp->lock wrappers to macros for SRCU use
  rcu: Refactor #includes from include/linux/rcupdate.h
  bcm47xx: Fix build regression
  ...

Pull objtool updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "This is an extensive rewrite of the objdump tool to track all stack
  pointer modifications through the machine instructions of disassembled
  functions found in kernel .o files.

  This re-design removes the prior dependency on CONFIG_FRAME_POINTERS,
  with the goal to prepare the tool to generate kernel debuginfo data in
  the future. There's also an increase in checking/tracking robustness
  as a side effect as well.

  No (intended) changes to existing functionality"

* 'core-objtool-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  objtool: Silence warnings for functions which use IRET
  objtool: Implement stack validation 2.0
  objtool, x86: Add several functions and files to the objtool whitelist
  objtool: Move checking code to check.c

Pull EDAC updates from Borislav Petkov:
 "Nothing earth-shattering - just the normal development flow of
  cleanups, improvements, fixes and such.

  Summary:

   - i31200_edac: Add Kabylake support (Jason Baron)

   - sb_edac: resolve memory controller detection issues on asymmetric
     setups with not all DIMM slots being populated (Tony Luck and Qiuxu
     Zhuo)

   - misc cleanups and fixlets all over"

* tag 'edac_for_4.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bp/bp: (22 commits)
  EDAC, pnd2: Fix Apollo Lake DIMM detection
  EDAC, i5000, i5400: Fix definition of NRECMEMB register
  EDAC, pnd2: Make function sbi_send() static
  EDAC, pnd2: Return proper error value from apl_rd_reg()
  EDAC, altera: Simplify calculation of total memory
  EDAC, sb_edac: Avoid creating SOCK memory controller
  EDAC, mce_amd: Fix typo in SMCA error description
  EDAC, mv64x60: Sanity check edac_op_state before registering
  EDAC, thunderx: Fix a warning during l2c debugfs node creation
  EDAC, mv64x60: Check driver registration success
  EDAC, ie31200: Add Intel Kaby Lake CPU support
  EDAC, mv64x60: Replace in_le32()/out_le32() with readl()/writel()
  EDAC, mv64x60: Fix pdata->name
  EDAC, sb_edac: Bump driver version and do some cleanups
  EDAC, sb_edac: Check if ECC enabled when at least one DIMM is present
  EDAC, sb_edac: Drop NUM_CHANNELS from 8 back to 4
  EDAC, sb_edac: Carve out dimm-populating loop
  EDAC, sb_edac: Fix mod_name
  EDAC, sb_edac: Assign EDAC memory controller per h/w controller
  EDAC, sb_edac: Don't use "Socket#" in the memory controller name
  ...

Pull core block/IO updates from Jens Axboe:
 "This is the main pull request for the block layer for 4.13. Not a huge
  round in terms of features, but there's a lot of churn related to some
  core cleanups.

  Note this depends on the UUID tree pull request, that Christoph
  already sent out.

  This pull request contains:

   - A series from Christoph, unifying the error/stats codes in the
     block layer. We now use blk_status_t everywhere, instead of using
     different schemes for different places.

   - Also from Christoph, some cleanups around request allocation and IO
     scheduler interactions in blk-mq.

   - And yet another series from Christoph, cleaning up how we handle
     and do bounce buffering in the block layer.

   - A blk-mq debugfs series from Bart, further improving on the support
     we have for exporting internal information to aid debugging IO
     hangs or stalls.

   - Also from Bart, a series that cleans up the request initialization
     differences across types of devices.

   - A series from Goldwyn Rodrigues, allowing the block layer to return
     failure if we will block and the user asked for non-blocking.

   - Patch from Hannes for supporting setting loop devices block size to
     that of the underlying device.

   - Two series of patches from Javier, fixing various issues with
     lightnvm, particular around pblk.

   - A series from me, adding support for write hints. This comes with
     NVMe support as well, so applications can help guide data placement
     on flash to improve performance, latencies, and write
     amplification.

   - A series from Ming, improving and hardening blk-mq support for
     stopping/starting and quiescing hardware queues.

   - Two pull requests for NVMe updates. Nothing major on the feature
     side, but lots of cleanups and bug fixes. From the usual crew.

   - A series from Neil Brown, greatly improving the bio rescue set
     support. Most notably, this kills the bio rescue work queues, if we
     don't really need them.

   - Lots of other little bug fixes that are all over the place"

* 'for-4.13/block' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (217 commits)
  lightnvm: pblk: set line bitmap check under debug
  lightnvm: pblk: verify that cache read is still valid
  lightnvm: pblk: add initialization check
  lightnvm: pblk: remove target using async. I/Os
  lightnvm: pblk: use vmalloc for GC data buffer
  lightnvm: pblk: use right metadata buffer for recovery
  lightnvm: pblk: schedule if data is not ready
  lightnvm: pblk: remove unused return variable
  lightnvm: pblk: fix double-free on pblk init
  lightnvm: pblk: fix bad le64 assignations
  nvme: Makefile: remove dead build rule
  blk-mq: map all HWQ also in hyperthreaded system
  nvmet-rdma: register ib_client to not deadlock in device removal
  nvme_fc: fix error recovery on link down.
  nvmet_fc: fix crashes on bad opcodes
  nvme_fc: Fix crash when nvme controller connection fails.
  nvme_fc: replace ioabort msleep loop with completion
  nvme_fc: fix double calls to nvme_cleanup_cmd()
  nvme-fabrics: verify that a controller returns the correct NQN
  nvme: simplify nvme_dev_attrs_are_visible
  ...

Pull uuid subsystem from Christoph Hellwig:
 "This is the new uuid subsystem, in which Amir, Andy and I have started
  consolidating our uuid/guid helpers and improving the types used for
  them. Note that various other subsystems have pulled in this tree, so
  I'd like it to go in early.

  UUID/GUID summary:

   - introduce the new uuid_t/guid_t types that are going to replace the
     somewhat confusing uuid_be/uuid_le types and make the terminology
     fit the various specs, as well as the userspace libuuid library.
     (me, based on a previous version from Amir)

   - consolidated generic uuid/guid helper functions lifted from XFS and
     libnvdimm (Amir and me)

   - conversions to the new types and helpers (Amir, Andy and me)"

* tag 'uuid-for-4.13' of git://git.infradead.org/users/hch/uuid: (34 commits)
  ACPI: hns_dsaf_acpi_dsm_guid can be static
  mmc: sdhci-pci: make guid intel_dsm_guid static
  uuid: Take const on input of uuid_is_null() and guid_is_null()
  thermal: int340x_thermal: fix compile after the UUID API switch
  thermal: int340x_thermal: Switch to use new generic UUID API
  acpi: always include uuid.h
  ACPI: Switch to use generic guid_t in acpi_evaluate_dsm()
  ACPI / extlog: Switch to use new generic UUID API
  ACPI / bus: Switch to use new generic UUID API
  ACPI / APEI: Switch to use new generic UUID API
  acpi, nfit: Switch to use new generic UUID API
  MAINTAINERS: add uuid entry
  tmpfs: generate random sb->s_uuid
  scsi_debug: switch to uuid_t
  nvme: switch to uuid_t
  sysctl: switch to use uuid_t
  partitions/ldm: switch to use uuid_t
  overlayfs: use uuid_t instead of uuid_be
  fs: switch ->s_uuid to uuid_t
  ima/policy: switch to use uuid_t
  ...

Enabling parport pc driver on a B2600 (and probably other 64bit PARISC
systems) produced following BUG:

CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper Not tainted 4.12.0-rc5-30198-g1132d5e7 #156
task: 000000009e050000 task.stack: 000000009e04c000

     YZrvWESTHLNXBCVMcbcbcbcbOGFRQPDI
PSW: 00001000000001101111111100001111 Not tainted
r00-03  000000ff0806ff0f 000000009e04c990 0000000040871b78 000000009e04cac0
r04-07  0000000040c14de0 ffffffffffffffff 000000009e07f098 000000009d82d200
r08-11  000000009d82d210 0000000000000378 0000000000000000 0000000040c345e0
r12-15  0000000000000005 0000000040c345e0 0000000000000000 0000000040c9d5e0
r16-19  0000000040c345e0 00000000f00001c4 00000000f00001bc 0000000000000061
r20-23  000000009e04ce28 0000000000000010 0000000000000010 0000000040b89e40
r24-27  0000000000000003 0000000000ffffff 000000009d82d210 0000000040c14de0
r28-31  0000000000000000 000000009e04ca90 000000009e04cb40 0000000000000000
sr00-03  0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
sr04-07  0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000

IASQ: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 IAOQ: 00000000404aece0 00000000404aece4
 IIR: 03ffe01f    ISR: 0000000010340000  IOR: 000001781304cac8
 CPU:        0   CR30: 000000009e04c000 CR31: 00000000e2976de2
 ORIG_R28: 0000000000000200
 IAOQ[0]: sba_dma_supported+0x80/0xd0
 IAOQ[1]: sba_dma_supported+0x84/0xd0
 RP(r2): parport_pc_probe_port+0x178/0x1200

Cause is a call to dma_coerce_mask_and_coherenet in parport_pc_probe_port,
which PARISC DMA API doesn't handle very nicely. This commit gives back
DMA_ERROR_CODE for DMA API calls, if device isn't capable of DMA
transaction.

Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.13+
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>

Signed-off-by: Sylvain 'ythier' Hitier <sylvain.hitier@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When a process runs out of stack the parisc kernel wrongly faults with SIGBUS
instead of the expected SIGSEGV signal.

This example shows how the kernel faults:
do_page_fault() command='a.out' type=15 address=0xfaac2000 in libc-2.24.so[f8308000+16c000]
trap #15: Data TLB miss fault, vm_start = 0xfa2c2000, vm_end = 0xfaac2000

The vma->vm_end value is the first address which does not belong to the vma, so
adjust the check to include vma->vm_end to the range for which to send the
SIGSEGV signal.

This patch unbreaks building the debian libsigsegv package.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>

Architectures with a compat syscall table must put compat_sys_keyctl()
in it, not sys_keyctl().  The parisc architecture was not doing this;
fix it.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>

Pull MIPS fixes from Ralf Baechle:
 "Here's a final round of fixes for 4.12:

   - Fix misordered instructions in assembly code making kenel startup
     via UHB unreliable.

   - Fix special case of MADDF and MADDF emulation.

   - Fix alignment issue in address calculation in pm-cps on 64 bit.

   - Fix IRQ tracing & lockdep when rescheduling

   - Systems with MAARs require post-DMA cache flushes.

  The reordering fix and the MADDF/MSUBF fix have sat in linux-next for
  a number of days. The others haven't propagated from my pull tree to
  linux-next yet but all have survived manual testing and Imagination's
  automated test system and there are no pending bug reports"

* 'upstream' of git://git.linux-mips.org/pub/scm/ralf/upstream-linus:
  MIPS: Avoid accidental raw backtrace
  MIPS: Perform post-DMA cache flushes on systems with MAARs
  MIPS: Fix IRQ tracing & lockdep when rescheduling
  MIPS: pm-cps: Drop manual cache-line alignment of ready_count
  MIPS: math-emu: Handle zero accumulator case in MADDF and MSUBF separately
  MIPS: head: Reorder instructions missing a delay slot

Pull ARM fix from Russell King:
 "One final fix for 4.12 - Doug found a boot failure case triggered by
  requesting a non-even MB vmalloc size"

* 'fixes' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm:
  ARM: 8685/1: ensure memblock-limit is pmd-aligned

CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL=y (correctly) does not provide a refcount_sub(),
which should not be part of proper refcount design patterns.

Remove the erroneous extern and the later !CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL
accidental implementation.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fixes: 29dee3c0 ("locking/refcounts: Out-of-line everything")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170701180129.GA17405@beastSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Pull x86 fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Fixlets for x86:

   - Prevent kexec crash when KASLR is enabled, which was caused by an
     address calculation bug

   - Restore the freeing of PUDs on memory hot remove

   - Correct a negated pointer check in the intel uncore performance
     monitoring driver

   - Plug a memory leak in an error exit path in the RDT code"

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/intel_rdt: Fix memory leak on mount failure
  x86/boot/KASLR: Fix kexec crash due to 'virt_addr' calculation bug
  x86/boot/KASLR: Add checking for the offset of kernel virtual address randomization
  perf/x86/intel/uncore: Fix wrong box pointer check
  x86/mm/hotplug: Fix BUG_ON() after hot-remove by not freeing PUD