Make it possible to easily switch between strong mandatory
type checks and relaxed type checks so that the code can
easily be tested with the type checks and then built
with the strong type checks disabled so the resulting
code can be used.

Require strong mandatory type checks when enabling the user namespace.
It is very simple to make a typo and use the wrong type allowing
conversions to/from userspace values to be bypassed by accident,
the strong type checks prevent this.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Start distinguishing between internal kernel uids and gids and
values that userspace can use.  This is done by introducing two
new types: kuid_t and kgid_t.  These types and their associated
functions are infrastructure are declared in the new header
uidgid.h.

Ultimately there will be a different implementation of the mapping
functions for use with user namespaces.  But to keep it simple
we introduce the mapping functions first to separate the meat
from the mechanical code conversions.

Export overflowuid and overflowgid so we can use from_kuid_munged
and from_kgid_munged in modular code.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

This represents a change in strategy of how to handle user namespaces.
Instead of tagging everything explicitly with a user namespace and bulking
up all of the comparisons of uids and gids in the kernel,  all uids and gids
in use will have a mapping to a flat kuid and kgid spaces respectively.  This
allows much more of the existing logic to be preserved and in general
allows for faster code.

In this new and improved world we allow someone to utiliize capabilities
over an inode if the inodes owner mapps into the capabilities holders user
namespace and the user has capabilities in their user namespace.  Which
is simple and efficient.

Moving the fs uid comparisons to be comparisons in a flat kuid space
follows in later patches, something that is only significant if you
are using user namespaces.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

With a user_ns reference in struct cred the only user of the user namespace
reference in struct user_struct is to keep the uid hash table alive.

The user_namespace reference in struct user_struct will be going away soon, and
I have removed all of the references.  Rename the field from user_ns to _user_ns
so that the compiler can verify nothing follows the user struct to the user
namespace anymore.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Stop relying on user->user_ns which is going away and instead capture
the user_namespace of the process we are supposed to notify.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

I am about to remove the struct user_namespace reference from struct user_struct.
So keep an explicit track of the parent user namespace.

Take advantage of this new reference and replace instances of user_ns->creator->user_ns
with user_ns->parent.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

struct user_struct will shortly loose it's user_ns reference
so make the cred user_ns reference a proper reference complete
with reference counting.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Optimize performance and prepare for the removal of the user_ns reference
from user_struct.  Remove the slow long walk through cred->user->user_ns and
instead go straight to cred->user_ns.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

In struct cred the user member is and has always been declared struct user_struct *user.
At most a constant struct cred will have a constant pointer to non-constant user_struct
so remove this unnecessary cast.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

In 2009 Philip Reiser notied that a few users of netlink connector
interface needed a capability check and added the idiom
cap_raised(nsp->eff_cap, CAP_SYS_ADMIN) to a few of them, on the premise
that netlink was asynchronous.

In 2011 Patrick McHardy noticed we were being silly because netlink is
synchronous and removed eff_cap from the netlink_skb_params and changed
the idiom to cap_raised(current_cap(), CAP_SYS_ADMIN).

Looking at those spots with a fresh eye we should be calling
capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN).  The only reason I can see for not calling
capable is that it once appeared we were not in the same task as the
caller which would have made calling capable() impossible.

In the initial user_namespace the only difference between  between
cap_raised(current_cap(), CAP_SYS_ADMIN) and capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)
are a few sanity checks and the fact that capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)
sets PF_SUPERPRIV if we use the capability.

Since we are going to be using root privilege setting PF_SUPERPRIV
seems the right thing to do.

The motivation for this that patch is that in a child user namespace
cap_raised(current_cap(),...) tests your capabilities with respect to
that child user namespace not capabilities in the initial user namespace
and thus will allow processes that should be unprivielged to use the
kernel services that are only protected with
cap_raised(current_cap(),..).

To fix possible user_namespace issues and to just clean up the code
replace cap_raised(current_cap(), CAP_SYS_ADMIN) with
capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN).
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Reviewed-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Andrew G. Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
Cc: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Cc: Philipp Reisner <philipp.reisner@linbit.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: Vasiliy Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

There is no release_uids function remove the declaration from sched.h
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Safely making device nodes in a container is solvable but simply
having the capability in a user namespace is not sufficient to make
this work.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Pull virtio S3 support patches from Amit Shah:
 "Turns out S3 is not different from S4 for virtio devices: the device
  is assumed to be reset, so the host and guest state are to be assumed
  to be out of sync upon resume.  We handle the S4 case with exactly the
  same scenario, so just point the suspend/resume routines to the
  freeze/restore ones.

  Once that is done, we also use the PM API's macro to initialise the
  sleep functions.

  A couple of cleanups are included: there's no need for special thaw
  processing in the balloon driver, so that's addressed in patches 1 and
  2.

  Testing: both S3 and S4 support have been tested using these patches
  using a similar method used earlier during S4 patch development: a
  guest is started with virtio-blk as the only disk, a virtio network
  card, a virtio-serial port and a virtio balloon device.  Ping from
  guest to host, dd /dev/zero to a file on the disk, and IO from the
  host on the virtio-serial port, all at once, while exercising S4 and
  S3 (separately) were tested.  They all continue to work fine after
  resume.  virtio balloon values too were tested by inflating and
  deflating the balloon."

Pulling from Amit, since Rusty is off getting married (and presumably
shaving people).

* 's3-for-3.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/amit/virtio-console:
  virtio-pci: switch to PM ops macro to initialise PM functions
  virtio-pci: S3 support
  virtio-pci: drop restore_common()
  virtio: drop thaw PM operation
  virtio: balloon: Allow stats update after restore from S4

Pull second try at vfs part d#2 from Al Viro:
 "Miklos' first series (with do_lookup() rewrite split into edible
  chunks) + assorted bits and pieces.

  The 'untangling of do_lookup()' series is is a splitup of what used to
  be a monolithic patch from Miklos, so this series is basically "how do
  I convince myself that his patch is correct (or find a hole in it)".
  No holes found and I like the resulting cleanup, so in it went..."

Changes from try 1: Fix a boot problem with selinux, and commit messages
prettied up a bit.

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (24 commits)
  vfs: fix out-of-date dentry_unhash() comment
  vfs: split __lookup_hash
  untangling do_lookup() - take __lookup_hash()-calling case out of line.
  untangling do_lookup() - switch to calling __lookup_hash()
  untangling do_lookup() - merge d_alloc_and_lookup() callers
  untangling do_lookup() - merge failure exits in !dentry case
  untangling do_lookup() - massage !dentry case towards __lookup_hash()
  untangling do_lookup() - get rid of need_reval in !dentry case
  untangling do_lookup() - eliminate a loop.
  untangling do_lookup() - expand the area under ->i_mutex
  untangling do_lookup() - isolate !dentry stuff from the rest of it.
  vfs: move MAY_EXEC check from __lookup_hash()
  vfs: don't revalidate just looked up dentry
  vfs: fix d_need_lookup/d_revalidate order in do_lookup
  ext3: move headers to fs/ext3/
  migrate ext2_fs.h guts to fs/ext2/ext2.h
  new helper: ext2_image_size()
  get rid of pointless includes of ext2_fs.h
  ext2: No longer export ext2_fs.h to user space
  mtdchar: kill persistently held vfsmount
  ...

Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar.

* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  sched: Fix incorrect usage of for_each_cpu_mask() in select_fallback_rq()
  sched: Fix __schedule_bug() output when called from an interrupt
  sched/arch: Introduce the finish_arch_post_lock_switch() scheduler callback

Pull perf updates and fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "It's mostly fixes, but there's also two late items:

   - preliminary GTK GUI support for perf report
   - PMU raw event format descriptors in sysfs, to be parsed by tooling

  The raw event format in sysfs is a new ABI.  For example for the 'CPU'
  PMU we have:

    aldebaran:~> ll /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/*
    -r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Mar 31 10:29 /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/any
    -r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Mar 31 10:29 /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/cmask
    -r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Mar 31 10:29 /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/edge
    -r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Mar 31 10:29 /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/event
    -r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Mar 31 10:29 /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/inv
    -r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Mar 31 10:29 /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/offcore_rsp
    -r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Mar 31 10:29 /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/pc
    -r--r--r--. 1 root root 4096 Mar 31 10:29 /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/umask

  those lists of fields contain a specific format:

    aldebaran:~> cat /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/offcore_rsp
    config1:0-63

  So, those who wish to specify raw events can now use the following
  event format:

    -e cpu/cmask=1,event=2,umask=3

  Most people will not want to specify any events (let alone raw
  events), they'll just use whatever default event the tools use.

  But for more obscure PMU events that have no cross-architecture
  generic events the above syntax is more usable and a bit more
  structured than specifying hex numbers."

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (41 commits)
  perf tools: Remove auto-generated bison/flex files
  perf annotate: Fix off by one symbol hist size allocation and hit accounting
  perf tools: Add missing ref-cycles event back to event parser
  perf annotate: addr2line wants addresses in same format as objdump
  perf probe: Finder fails to resolve function name to address
  tracing: Fix ent_size in trace output
  perf symbols: Handle NULL dso in dso__name_len
  perf symbols: Do not include libgen.h
  perf tools: Fix bug in raw sample parsing
  perf tools: Fix display of first level of callchains
  perf tools: Switch module.h into export.h
  perf: Move mmap page data_head offset assertion out of header
  perf: Fix mmap_page capabilities and docs
  perf diff: Fix to work with new hists design
  perf tools: Fix modifier to be applied on correct events
  perf tools: Fix various casting issues for 32 bits
  perf tools: Simplify event_read_id exit path
  tracing: Fix ftrace stack trace entries
  tracing: Move the tracing_on/off() declarations into CONFIG_TRACING
  perf report: Add a simple GTK2-based 'perf report' browser
  ...

Pull PARISC misc updates from James Bottomley:
 "This is a couple of minor updates (fixing lws futex locking and
  removing some obsolete cpu_*_map calls)."

* tag 'parisc-misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/parisc-2.6:
  [PARISC] remove references to cpu_*_map.
  [PARISC] futex: Use same lock set as lws calls

Pull SCSI updates from James Bottomley:
 "This is primarily another round of driver updates (lpfc, bfa, fcoe,
  ipr) plus a new ufshcd driver.  There shouldn't be anything
  controversial in here (The final deletion of scsi proc_ops which
  caused some build breakage has been held over until the next merge
  window to give us more time to stabilise it).

  I'm afraid, with me moving continents at exactly the wrong time,
  anything submitted after the merge window opened has been held over to
  the next merge window."

* tag 'scsi-misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi-misc-2.6: (63 commits)
  [SCSI] ipr: Driver version 2.5.3
  [SCSI] ipr: Increase alignment boundary of command blocks
  [SCSI] ipr: Increase max concurrent oustanding commands
  [SCSI] ipr: Remove unnecessary memory barriers
  [SCSI] ipr: Remove unnecessary interrupt clearing on new adapters
  [SCSI] ipr: Fix target id allocation re-use problem
  [SCSI] atp870u, mpt2sas, qla4xxx use pci_dev->revision
  [SCSI] fcoe: Drop the rtnl_mutex before calling fcoe_ctlr_link_up
  [SCSI] bfa: Update the driver version to 3.0.23.0
  [SCSI] bfa: BSG and User interface fixes.
  [SCSI] bfa: Fix to avoid vport delete hang on request queue full scenario.
  [SCSI] bfa: Move service parameter programming logic into firmware.
  [SCSI] bfa: Revised Fabric Assigned Address(FAA) feature implementation.
  [SCSI] bfa: Flash controller IOC pll init fixes.
  [SCSI] bfa: Serialize the IOC hw semaphore unlock logic.
  [SCSI] bfa: Modify ISR to process pending completions
  [SCSI] bfa: Add fc host issue lip support
  [SCSI] mpt2sas: remove extraneous sas_log_info messages
  [SCSI] libfc: fcoe_transport_create fails in single-CPU environment
  [SCSI] fcoe: reduce contention for fcoe_rx_list lock [v2]
  ...

64252c75 "vfs: remove dget() from
dentry_unhash()" changed the implementation but not the comment.

Cc: Sage Weil <sage@newdream.net>
Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Split __lookup_hash into two component functions:

 lookup_dcache - tries cached lookup, returns whether real lookup is needed
 lookup_real - calls i_op->lookup

This eliminates code duplication between d_alloc_and_lookup() and
d_inode_lookup().
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

now we have __lookup_hash() open-coded if !dentry case;
just call the damn thing instead...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Reorder if-else cases for starters...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Everything arriving into if (!dentry) will have need_reval = 1.
Indeed, the only way to get there with need_reval reset to 0 would
be via
	if (unlikely(d_need_lookup(dentry)))
		goto unlazy;
	if (unlikely(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_OP_REVALIDATE)) {
		status = d_revalidate(dentry, nd);
	if (unlikely(status <= 0)) {
		if (status != -ECHILD)
			need_reval = 0;
		goto unlazy;
...
unlazy:
	/* no assignments to dentry */
	if (dentry && unlikely(d_need_lookup(dentry))) {
		dput(dentry);
		dentry = NULL;
	}
and if d_need_lookup() had already been false the first time around, it
will remain false on the second call as well.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

d_lookup() *will* fail after successful d_invalidate(), if we are
holding i_mutex all along.  IOW, we don't need to jump back to
l: - we know what path will be taken there and can do that (i.e.
d_alloc_and_lookup()) directly.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

keep holding ->i_mutex over revalidation parts
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Duplicate the revalidation-related parts into if (!dentry) branch.
Next step will be to pull them under i_mutex.

This and the next 8 commits are more or less a splitup of patch
by Miklos; folks, when you are working with something that convoluted,
carve your patches up into easily reviewed steps, especially when
a lot of codepaths involved are rarely hit...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

The only caller of __lookup_hash() that needs the exec permission check on
parent is lookup_one_len().

All lookup_hash() callers already checked permission in LOOKUP_PARENT walk.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

__lookup_hash() calls ->lookup() if the dentry needs lookup and on success
revalidates the dentry (all under dir->i_mutex).

While this is harmless it doesn't make a lot of sense.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Doing revalidate on a dentry which has not yet been looked up makes no sense.

Move the d_need_lookup() check before d_revalidate().
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

... implemented that way since the next commit will leave it
almost alone in ext2_fs.h - most of the file (including
struct ext2_super_block) is going to move to fs/ext2/ext2.h.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Since the on-disk format has been stable for quite some time, users
should either use the headers provided by libext2fs or keep a private
copy of this header. For the full discussion, see this thread:

	https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/3/21/516

While at it, this commit removes all __KERNEL__ guards, which are now
unnecessary.
Signed-off-by: Thierry Reding <thierry.reding@avionic-design.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Ted Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <aedilger@gmail.com>
Cc: linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org