Convert the xbitmap code to use interval trees instead of linked lists.
This reduces the amount of coding required to handle the disunion
operation and in the future will make it easier to set bits in arbitrary
order yet later be able to extract maximally sized extents, which we'll
need for rebuilding certain structures.  We define our own interval tree
type so that it can deal with 64-bit indices even on 32-bit machines.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

It's not safe to edit bitmap intervals while we're iterating them with
for_each_xbitmap_extent.  None of the existing callers actually need
that ability anyway, so drop the safe variable.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Remove the for_each_xbitmap_ macros in favor of proper iterator
functions.  We'll soon be switching this data structure over to an
interval tree implementation, which means that we can't allow callers to
modify the bitmap during iteration without telling us.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Local extended attributes store their values within the same leaf block.
There's no header for the values themselves, nor are they separately
checksummed.  Hence we can save a bit of time in the attr scrubber by
not wasting time retrieving the values.

Regrettably, shortform attributes do not set XFS_ATTR_LOCAL so this
offers us no advantage there, but at least there are very few attrs in
that case.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

The free space bitmap is only required if we're going to check the
bestfree space at the end of an xattr leaf block.  Therefore, we can
reduce the memory requirements of this scrubber if we can determine that
the xattr is in short format.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Clean up local variable initialization and error returns in xchk_xattr.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Make sure that the records used inside a shortform xattr structure do
not overlap.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Move the xchk_setup_xattr_buf call from xchk_xattr_block to xchk_xattr,
since we only need to set up the leaf block bitmaps once.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

All callers pass XCHK_GFP_FLAGS as the flags argument to
xchk_setup_xattr_buf, so get rid of the argument.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Move the xattr value buffer from somewhere in xchk_xattr_buf.buf[] to an
explicit pointer.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Move the used space bitmap from somewhere in xchk_xattr_buf.buf[] to an
explicit pointer.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Move the free space bitmap from somewhere in xchk_xattr_buf.buf[] to an
explicit pointer.  This is the start of removing the complex overloaded
memory buffer that is the source of weird memory misuse bugs.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Replace bitmap_and with bitmap_intersects in the xattr leaf block
scrubber, since we only care if there's overlap between the used space
bitmap and the free space bitmap.  This means we don't need dstmap any
more, and can thus reduce the memory requirements.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Don't shadow the leaf variable here, because it's misleading to have one
place in the codebase where two variables with different types have the
same name.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Check that each extended attribute exists in only one namespace.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Enhance the rmap scrubber to flag adjacent records that could be merged.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

The rmap btree scrubber doesn't contain sufficient checking for records
that cannot overlap but do anyway.  For the other btrees, this is
enforced by the inorder checks in xchk_btree_rec, but the rmap btree is
special because it allows overlapping records to handle shared data
extents.

Therefore, enhance the rmap btree record check function to compare each
record against the previous one so that we can detect overlapping rmap
records for space allocations that do not allow sharing.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Complain if we encounter refcount btree records that could be merged.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Complain if we encounter free space btree records that could be merged.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

The logic at the end of xchk_bmap_want_check_rmaps tries to detect a
file fork that has been zapped by what will become the online inode
repair code.  Zapped forks are in FMT_EXTENTS with zero extents, and
some sort of hint that there's supposed to be data somewhere in the
filesystem.

Unfortunately, the inverted logic here is confusing and has the effect
that we always call xchk_bmap_check_rmaps for FMT_BTREE forks.  This is
horribly inefficient and unnecessary, so invert the logic to get rid of
this performance problem.  This has caused 8h delays in generic/333 and
generic/334.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

This function has two parts: the second part scans every reverse mapping
record for this file fork to make sure that there's a corresponding
mapping in the fork, and the first part decides if we even want to do
that.

Split the first part into a separate predicate so that we can make more
changes to it in the next patch.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

If the data or attr forks have mappings that could be merged, let the
user know that the structure could be optimized.  This isn't a
filesystem corruption since the regular filesystem does not try to be
smart about merging bmbt records.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

There's more special-cased functionality than not in this function.
Split it into two so that each can be far more cohesive.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Currently, the bmap scrubber checks file fork mappings individually.  In
the case that the file uses multiple mappings to a single contiguous
piece of space, the scrubber repeatedly locks the AG to check the
existence of a reverse mapping that overlaps this file mapping.  If the
reverse mapping starts before or ends after the mapping we're checking,
it will also crawl around in the bmbt checking correspondence for
adjacent extents.

This is not very time efficient because it does the crawling while
holding the AGF buffer, and checks the middle mappings multiple times.
Instead, create a custom iextent record iterator function that combines
multiple adjacent allocated mappings into one large incore bmbt record.
This is feasible because the incore bmbt record length is 64-bits wide.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Convert the inode data/attr/cow fork scrubber to remember the entire
previous mapping, not just the next expected offset.  No behavior
changes here, but this will enable some better checking in subsequent
patches.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

The MMAPLOCK stabilizes mappings in a file's pagecache.  Therefore, we
do not need it to check directories, symlinks, extended attributes, or
file-based metadata.  Reduce its usage to the one case that requires it,
which is when we want to scrub the data fork of a regular file.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

xchk_get_inode is not quite the right function to be calling from the
inode scrubber setup function.  The common get_inode function either
gets an inode and installs it in the scrub context, or it returns an
error code explaining what happened.  This is acceptable for most file
scrubbers because it is not in their scope to fix corruptions in the
inode core and fork areas that cause iget to fail.

Dealing with these problems is within the scope of the inode scrubber,
however.  If iget fails with EFSCORRUPTED, we need to xchk_inode to flag
that as corruption.  Since we can't get our hands on an incore inode, we
need to hold the AGI to prevent inode allocation activity so that
nothing changes in the inode metadata.

Looking ahead to the inode core repair patches, we will also need to
hold the AGI buffer into xrep_inode so that we can make modifications to
the xfs_dinode structure without any other thread swooping in to
allocate or free the inode.

Adapt the xchk_get_inode into xchk_setup_inode since this is a one-off
use case where the error codes we check for are a little different, and
the return state is much different from the common function.

xchk_setup_inode prepares to check or repair an inode record, so it must
continue the scrub operation even if the inode/inobt verifiers cause
xfs_iget to return EFSCORRUPTED.  This is done by attaching the locked
AGI buffer to the scrub transaction and returning 0 to move on to the
actual scrub.  (Later, the online inode repair code will also want the
xfs_imap structure so that it can reset the ondisk xfs_dinode
structure.)

xchk_get_inode retrieves an inode on behalf of a scrubber that operates
on an incore inode -- data/attr/cow forks, directories, xattrs,
symlinks, parent pointers, etc.  If the inode/inobt verifiers fail and
xfs_iget returns EFSCORRUPTED, we want to exit to userspace (because the
caller should be fix the inode first) and drop everything we acquired
along the way.

A behavior common to both functions is that it's possible that xfs_scrub
asked for a scrub-by-handle concurrent with the inode being freed or the
passed-in inumber is invalid.  In this case, we call xfs_imap to see if
the inobt index thinks the inode is allocated, and return ENOENT
("nothing to check here") to userspace if this is not the case.  The
imap lookup is why both functions call xchk_iget_agi.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Dave Chinner suggested renaming this function to make more obvious what
it does.  The function returns an incore inode to callers that want to
scrub a metadata structure that hangs off an inode.  If the iget fails
with EINVAL, it will single-step the loading process to distinguish
between actually free inodes or impossible inumbers (ENOENT);
discrepancies between the inobt freemask and the free status in the
inode record (EFSCORRUPTED).  Any other negative errno is returned
unchanged.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

In commit d658e, we tried to improve the robustnes of xchk_get_inode in
the face of EINVAL returns from iget by calling xfs_imap to see if the
inobt itself thinks that the inode is allocated.  Unfortunately, that
commit didn't consider the possibility that the inode gets allocated
after iget but before imap.  In this case, the imap call will succeed,
but we turn that into a corruption error and tell userspace the inode is
corrupt.

Avoid this false corruption report by grabbing the AGI header and
retrying the iget before calling imap.  If the iget succeeds, we can
proceed with the usual scrub-by-handle code.  Fix all the incorrect
comments too, since unreadable/corrupt inodes no longer result in EINVAL
returns.

Fixes: d658e72b ("xfs: distinguish between corrupt inode and invalid inum in xfs_scrub_get_inode")
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Right now, there are statements scattered all over the online fsck
codebase about how we can't use XFS_IGET_DONTCACHE because of concerns
about scrub's unusual practice of releasing inodes with transactions
held.

However, iget is the wrong place to handle this -- the DONTCACHE state
doesn't matter at all until we try to *release* the inode, and here we
get things wrong in multiple ways:

First, if we /do/ have a transaction, we must NOT drop the inode,
because the inode could have dirty pages, dropping the inode will
trigger writeback, and writeback can trigger a nested transaction.

Second, if the inode already had an active reference and the DONTCACHE
flag set, the icache hit when scrub grabs another ref will not clear
DONTCACHE.  This is sort of by design, since DONTCACHE is now used to
initiate cache drops so that sysadmins can change a file's access mode
between pagecache and DAX.

Third, if we do actually have the last active reference to the inode, we
can set DONTCACHE to avoid polluting the cache.  This is the /one/ case
where we actually want that flag.

Create an xchk_irele helper to encode all that logic and switch the
online fsck code to use it.  Since this now means that nearly all
scrubbers use the same xfs_iget flags, we can wrap them too.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Jan Kara pointed out that rename() doesn't lock a subdirectory that is
being moved from one parent to another, even though the move requires an
update to the subdirectory's dotdot entry.  This means that it's *not*
sufficient to hold a directory's IOLOCK to stabilize the dotdot entry.
We must hold the ILOCK of both the child and the alleged parent, and
there's no use in holding the parent's IOLOCK.

With that in mind, we can get rid of all the messy code that tries to
grab the parent's IOLOCK, which means we don't need to let go of the
ILOCK of the directory whose parent we are checking.  We still have to
use nonblocking mode to take the ILOCK of the alleged parent, so the
revalidation loop has to stay.

However, we can remove the retry counter, since threads aren't supposed
to hold the ILOCK for long periods of time.  Remove the inverted ilock
helper from the common code since nobody uses it.  Remove the entire
source of -EDEADLOCK-based "retry harder" scrub executions.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-xfs/20230117123735.un7wbamlbdihninm@quack3/Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

This function is unnecessarily long because it contains code to
revalidate a dotdot entry after cycling locks to try to confirm a
subdirectory parent pointer.  Shorten the codebase by making the
parent's lookup call do double duty as the revalidation code.

This weakeans the efficacy of this scrub function temporarily, but the
next patch will resolve this as part of fixing an unhandled race that is
the result of the VFS rename locking model not working the way Darrick
thought it did.

Rename this stupid 'dnum' variable too.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

This helper is now trivial, so get rid of it.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

When we're scrubbing directory entries, we always need to iget the child
inode to make sure that the inode pointer points to a valid inode.  The
original directory scrub code (commit a5c4) only set us up to do this
for ftype=1 filesystems, which is not sufficient; and then commit 4b80
made it worse by exempting the dot and dotdot entries.

Sorta-fixes: a5c46e5e ("xfs: scrub directory metadata")
Sorta-fixes: 4b80ac64 ("xfs: scrub should mark a directory corrupt if any entries cannot be iget'd")
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

In commit 4b80ac64, we tried to strengthen the directory scrubber by
using the iget call to detect directory entries that point to
unallocated inodes.  Unfortunately, that commit neglected to pass
XFS_IGET_UNTRUSTED to xfs_iget, so we don't check the inode btree first.
If the inode number points to something that isn't even an inode
cluster, iget will throw corruption errors and return -EFSCORRUPTED,
which means that we fail to mark the directory corrupt.

Fixes: 4b80ac64 ("xfs: scrub should mark a directory corrupt if any entries cannot be iget'd")
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Currently, online scrub reuses the xfs_readdir code to walk every entry
in a directory.  This isn't awesome for performance, since we end up
cycling the directory ILOCK needlessly and coding around the particular
quirks of the VFS dir_context interface.

Create a streamlined version of readdir that keeps the ILOCK (since the
walk function isn't going to copy stuff to userspace), skips a whole lot
of directory walk cursor checks (since we start at 0 and walk to the
end) and has a sane way to return error codes.

Note: Porting the dotdot checking code is left for a subsequent patch.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

The directory code has a directory-specific hash computation function
that includes a modified hash function for case-insensitive lookups.
Hence we must use that function (and not the raw da_hashname) when
checking the dabtree structure.

Found by accidentally breaking xfs/188 to create an abnormally huge
case-insensitive directory and watching scrub break.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

For any file fork mapping that can only have a single owner, make sure
that there are no other rmap owners for that mapping.  This patch
requires the more detailed checking provided by xfs_rmap_count_owners so
that we can know how many rmap records for a given range of space had a
matching owner, how many had a non-matching owner, and how many
conflicted with the records that have a matching owner.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Strengthen online scrub's checking even further by enabling us to check
that a range of blocks are owned solely by a given owner.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>

Convert the xfs_ialloc_has_inodes_at_extent function to return keyfill
scan results because for a given range of inode numbers, we might have
no indexed inodes at all; the entire region might be allocated ondisk
inodes; or there might be a mix of the two.

Unfortunately, sparse inodes adds to the complexity, because each inode
record can have holes, which means that we cannot use the generic btree
_scan_keyfill function because we must look for holes in individual
records to decide the result.  On the plus side, online fsck can now
detect sub-chunk discrepancies in the inobt.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>