When reading the ring buffer for consuming, it is optimized for splice,
where a page is taken out of the ring buffer (zero copy) and sent to the
reading consumer. When the read is finished with the page, it calls
ring_buffer_free_read_page(), which simply frees the page. The next time the
reader needs to get a page from the ring buffer, it must call
ring_buffer_alloc_read_page() which allocates and initializes a reader page
for the ring buffer to be swapped into the ring buffer for a new filled page
for the reader.

The problem is that there's no reason to actually free the page when it is
passed back to the ring buffer. It can hold it off and reuse it for the next
iteration. This completely removes the interaction with the page_alloc
mechanism.

Using the trace-cmd utility to record all events (causing trace-cmd to
require reading lots of pages from the ring buffer, and calling
ring_buffer_alloc/free_read_page() several times), and also assigning a
stack trace trigger to the mm_page_alloc event, we can see how many times
the ring_buffer_alloc_read_page() needed to allocate a page for the ring
buffer.

Before this change:

  # trace-cmd record -e all -e mem_page_alloc -R stacktrace sleep 1
  # trace-cmd report |grep ring_buffer_alloc_read_page | wc -l
  9968

After this change:

  # trace-cmd record -e all -e mem_page_alloc -R stacktrace sleep 1
  # trace-cmd report |grep ring_buffer_alloc_read_page | wc -l
  4
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Some of the event triggers can run fine in an instance. Have them tested in
one as well. The ones that still need work are the snapshot, stacktrace and
traceon/off triggers, as they don't currently pass a handle to the
trace_array they are attached to. But that can be for a future project.
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Some of the basic ftrace selftests should also be run in an instance. These
test a quick case of running all tracers in the available_tracers file
within the instance. The other is testing the clock used for the instance.
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

The ftrace selftests of events: event-enable, event-pid, and
subsystem-enable can all be run inside an instance. Change their tests to do
both a toplevel run an an instance run.
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Both the func_event_triggers and func_traceonoff_triggers tests can be
performed in both the toplevel instance as well as for individual instances.
Have their tests run in both cases.
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

An tracing instance has several of the same capabilities as the top level
instance, but may be implemented slightly different. Instead of just writing
tests that duplicat the same test cases of the top level instance, allow a
test to be written for both the top level as well as for an instance.

If a test case can be run in both the top level as well as in an tracing
instance directory, then it should add a tag "# flags: instance" in the
header of the test file. Then after all tests have run, any test that has an
instance flag set, will run again within a tracing instance.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170421233850.1d0e9e05@gandalf.local.home

Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Have the stacktrace function trigger probe trigger stack traces within the
instance that they were added to in the set_ftrace_filter.

 ># cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
 ># mkdir instances/foo
 ># cd instances/foo
 ># echo schedule:stacktrace:1 > set_ftrace_filter
 ># cat trace
 # tracer: nop
 #
 # entries-in-buffer/entries-written: 1/1   #P:4
 #
 #                              _-----=> irqs-off
 #                             / _----=> need-resched
 #                            | / _---=> hardirq/softirq
 #                            || / _--=> preempt-depth
 #                            ||| /     delay
 #           TASK-PID   CPU#  ||||    TIMESTAMP  FUNCTION
 #              | |       |   ||||       |         |
           <idle>-0     [001] .N.2   202.585010: <stack trace>
  =>
  => schedule
  => schedule_preempt_disabled
  => do_idle
  => cpu_startup_entry
  => start_secondary
  => verify_cpu
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Have the traceon/off function probe triggers affect only the instance they
are set in. This required making the trace_on/off accessible for other files
in the tracing directory.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Modify the snapshot probe trigger to work with instances. This way the
snapshot function trigger will only affect the instance that it is added to
in the set_ftrace_filter file.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Pass around the local trace_array that is the descriptor for tracing
instances, when enabling and disabling probes. This by default sets the
enable/disable of event probe triggers to work with instances.

The other probes will need some more work to get them working with
instances.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

With the redesign of the registration and execution of the function probes
(triggers), data can now be passed from the setup of the probe to the probe
callers that are specific to the trace_array it is on. Although, all probes
still only affect the toplevel trace array, this change will allow for
instances to have their own probes separated from other instances and the
top array.

That is, something like the stacktrace probe can be set to trace only in an
instance and not the toplevel trace array. This isn't implement yet, but
this change sets the ground work for the change.

When a probe callback is triggered (someone writes the probe format into
set_ftrace_filter), it calls register_ftrace_function_probe() passing in
init_data that will be used to initialize the probe. Then for every matching
function, register_ftrace_function_probe() will call the probe_ops->init()
function with the init data that was passed to it, as well as an address to
a place holder that is associated with the probe and the instance. The first
occurrence will have a NULL in the pointer. The init() function will then
initialize it. If other probes are added, or more functions are part of the
probe, the place holder will be passed to the init() function with the place
holder data that it was initialized to the last time.

Then this place_holder is passed to each of the other probe_ops functions,
where it can be used in the function callback. When the probe_ops free()
function is called, it can be called either with the rip of the function
that is being removed from the probe, or zero, indicating that there are no
more functions attached to the probe, and the place holder is about to be
freed. This gives the probe_ops a way to free the data it assigned to the
place holder if it was allocade during the first init call.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

In order to eventually have each trace_array instance have its own unique
set of function probes (triggers), the trace array needs to hold the ops and
the filters for the probes.

This is the first step to accomplish this. Instead of having the private
data of the probe ops point to the trace_array, create a separate list that
the trace_array holds. There's only one private_data for a probe, we need
one per trace_array. The probe ftrace_ops will be dynamically created for
each instance, instead of being static.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Pass the trace_array associated to a ftrace_probe_ops into the probe_ops
func(), init() and free() functions. The trace_array is the descriptor that
describes a tracing instance. This will help create the infrastructure that
will allow having function probes unique to tracing instances.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Add a link list to the trace_array to hold func probes that are registered.
Currently, all function probes are the same for all instances as it was
before, that is, only the top level trace_array holds the function probes.
But this lays the ground work to have function probes be attached to
individual instances, and having the event trigger only affect events in the
given instance. But that work is still to be done.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

If the ftrace_hash_move_and_update_ops() fails, and an ops->free() function
exists, then it needs to be called on all the ops that were added by this
registration.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Now that the function probes have their own ftrace_ops, there's no reason to
continue using the ftrace_func_hash to find which probe to call in the
function callback. The ops that is passed in to the function callback is
part of the probe_ops to call.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Have the function probes have their own ftrace_ops, and remove the
trace_probe_ops. This simplifies some of the ftrace infrastructure code.

Individual entries for each function is still allocated for the use of the
output for set_ftrace_filter, but they will be removed soon too.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Currently unregister_ftrace_function_probe_func() is a void function. It
does not give any feedback if an error occurred or no item was found to
remove and nothing was done.

Change it to return status and success if it removed something. Also update
the callers to return that feedback to the user.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

The processes of updating a ops filter_hash is a bit complex, and requires
setting up an old hash to perform the update. This is done exactly the same
in two locations for the same reasons. Create a helper function that does it
in one place.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

No users of the function probes uses the data field anymore. Remove it, and
change the init function to take a void *data parameter instead of a
void **data, because the init will just get the data that the registering
function was received, and there's no state after it is called.

The other functions for ftrace_probe_ops still take the data parameter, but
it will currently only be passed NULL. It will stay as a parameter for
future data to be passed to these functions.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

None of the probe users uses the data field anymore of the entry. They all
have their own print() function. Remove showing the data field in the
generic function as the data field will be going away.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

There are no users of unregister_ftrace_function_probe_all(). The only probe
function that is used is unregister_ftrace_function_probe_func(). Rename the
internal static function __unregister_ftrace_function_probe() to
unregister_ftrace_function_probe_func() and make it global.

Also remove the PROBE_TEST_FUNC as it would be always set.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Nothing calls unregister_ftrace_function_probe(). Remove it as well as the
flag PROBE_TEST_DATA, as this function was the only one to set it.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

As the data pointer for individual ips will soon be removed and no longer
passed to the callback function probe handlers, convert the rest of the function
trigger counters over to the new ftrace_func_mapper helper functions.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

As the data pointer for individual ips will soon be removed and no longer
passed to the callback function probe handlers, convert the snapshot
trigger counter over to the new ftrace_func_mapper helper functions.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

In order to move the ops to the function probes directly, they need a way to
map function ips to their own data without depending on the infrastructure
of the function probes, as the data field will be going away.

New helper functions are added that are based on the ftrace_hash code.
ftrace_func_mapper functions are there to let the probes map ips to their
data. These can be allocated by the probe ops, and referenced in the
function callbacks.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

In preparation to cleaning up the probe function registration code, the
"data" parameter will eventually be removed from the probe->func() call.
Instead it will receive its own "ops" function, in which it can set up its
own data that it needs to map.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Nothing uses "flags" in the ftrace_func_probe descriptor. Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

As nothing outside the tracing directory uses the function command mechanism,
I'm moving the prototypes out of the include/linux/ftrace.h and into the
local kernel/trace/trace.h header. I plan on making them hook to the
trace_array structure which is local to kernel/trace, and I do not want to
expose it to the rest of the kernel. This requires that the command functions
must also be local to tracing. But luckily nothing else uses them.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

As nothing outside the tracing directory uses the function probes mechanism,
I'm moving the prototypes out of the include/linux/ftrace.h and into the
local kernel/trace/trace.h header. I plan on making them hook to the
trace_array structure which is local to kernel/trace, and I do not want to
expose it to the rest of the kernel. This requires that the probe functions
must also be local to tracing. But luckily nothing else uses them.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

The set_ftrace_file lists both functions that are filtered, as well as
function probes (triggers) that are attached to a function, like traceon or
stacktrace, etc. The reading of this file is not as trivial as most pseudo
files are, and there's been various bugs that have appeared in the past
when there's a mix of probes and functions listed. There's also a difference
when reading the file using dd with a block size of 1.

This test performs the following:

 o Resets set_ftrace_filter

 o Makes sure only "#### all functions enabled ####" is listed

    (All checks uses cat, and dd with bs=1 and bs=100)

 o Adds a traceon trigger to schedule

 o Checks if only "#### all function enabled ####" and the trigger is there.

 o Adds tracing of schedule

 o Checks if only schedule and the trigger is there

 o Adds tracing of do_IRQ as well

 o Checks if only schedule, do_IRQ and the trigger is there

 o Adds a traceon trigger to do_IRQ

 o Checks if only schedule, do_IRQ and both triggers are there

 o Removes tracing of do_IRQ

 o Checks if only schedule and both triggers are there

 o Removes tracing of schedule

 o Checks if only  "#### all functions enabled ####" and both triggers are there

 o Removes the triggers

 o Checks if only "#### all functions enabled ####" is there

 o Adds tracing of schedule

 o Checks if only schedule is there

 o Adds tracing of do_IRQ

 o Checks if only schedule and do_IRQ are there
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

This adds a test to test the function tiggers traceon and traceoff to make
sure that it starts and stops tracing when a function is hit.

The test performs the following:

 o Enables all events

 o Writes schedule:traceoff into set_ftrace_filter

 o Makes sure the tigger exists in the file

 o Makes sure the trace file no longer grows

 o Makes sure that tracing_on is now zero

 o Clears the trace file

 o Makes sure it's still empty

 o Removes the trigger

 o Makes sure tracing is still off (tracing_on is zero)

 o Writes schedule:traceon into set_ftrace_filter

 o Makes sure the trace file is no longer empty

 o Makes sure that tracing_on file is set to one

 o Removes the trigger

 o Makes sure the trigger is no longer there

 o Writes schedule:traceoff:3 into set_ftrace_filter

 o Makes sure that tracing_on turns off

   . Writes 1 into tracing_on

   . Makes sure that it turns off 2 more times

 o Writes 1 into tracing_on

 o Makes sure that tracing_on is still a one
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

This adds a test to enable and disable trace events via the function
triggers. It tests enabling and disabling the sched:sched_switch event via
the the event_enable and event_disable function triggers attached to the
schedule() kernel function.

The test does the following:

 o disable all events

 o disables or enables the sched_switch event

 o writes schedule:event_enable/disable:sched:sched_switch into set_ftrace_filter

 o 5 times it checks to make sure:

    . Writes 0/1 into the sched_switch/enable

    . Checks that the sched_switch/enable goes back to 1/0

 o Resets the events

 o writes schedule:event_enable/disable:sched:sched_switch:3 into set_ftrace_filter

 o Does a loop of 3 to see that sched_switch/enable file gets updated

 o Makes sure the sched_switch/enable stops getting updated
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Just writing into the set_ftrace_filter file does not reset triggers, even
though it can reset the function list. Triggers require writing the trigger
name with a "!" prepended. It's worse that it requires the number if the
trigger has a count associated to it.

Add a reset_ftrace_filter function to the ftrace self tests to allow for the
tests to have a generic way to clear them. It also resets any functions that
are listed in that file as well.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

In my virtual machine setup, running ftracetest failed on creating
LOG_DIR on a read-only filesystem.  It'd be convenient to provide an
option to specify a different directory as log directory.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170417024430.21194-4-namhyung@kernel.org

Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

The function-fork option is same as event-fork that it tracks task
fork/exit and set the pid filter properly.  This can be useful if user
wants to trace selected tasks including their children only.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170417024430.21194-3-namhyung@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

The trace_event benchmark thread runs in kernel space in an infinite loop
while also calling cond_resched() in case anything else wants to schedule
in. Unfortunately, on a PREEMPT kernel, that makes it a nop, in which case,
this will never voluntarily schedule. That will cause synchronize_rcu_tasks()
to forever block on this thread, while it is running.

This is exactly what cond_resched_rcu_qs() is for. Use that instead.
Acked-by: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

t_hash_start() does not increment *pos, where as t_next() must. But when
t_next() does increment *pos, it must still pass in the original *pos to
t_hash_start() otherwise it will skip the first instance:

 # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
 # echo schedule:traceoff > set_ftrace_filter
 # echo do_IRQ:traceoff > set_ftrace_filter
 # echo call_rcu > set_ftrace_filter
 # cat set_ftrace_filter
call_rcu
schedule:traceoff:unlimited
do_IRQ:traceoff:unlimited

The above called t_hash_start() from t_start() as there was only one
function (call_rcu), but if we add another function:

 # echo xfrm_policy_destroy_rcu >> set_ftrace_filter
 # cat set_ftrace_filter
call_rcu
xfrm_policy_destroy_rcu
do_IRQ:traceoff:unlimited

The "schedule:traceoff" disappears.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

When two function probes are added to set_ftrace_filter, and then one of
them is removed, the update to the function locations is not performed, and
the record keeping of the function states are corrupted, and causes an
ftrace_bug() to occur.

This is easily reproducable by adding two probes, removing one, and then
adding it back again.

 # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
 # echo schedule:traceoff > set_ftrace_filter
 # echo do_IRQ:traceoff > set_ftrace_filter
 # echo \!do_IRQ:traceoff > /debug/tracing/set_ftrace_filter
 # echo do_IRQ:traceoff > set_ftrace_filter

Causes:
 ------------[ cut here ]------------
 WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 1098 at kernel/trace/ftrace.c:2369 ftrace_get_addr_curr+0x143/0x220
 Modules linked in: [...]
 CPU: 2 PID: 1098 Comm: bash Not tainted 4.10.0-test+ #405
 Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq Pro 6300 SFF/339A, BIOS K01 v02.05 05/07/2012
 Call Trace:
  dump_stack+0x68/0x9f
  __warn+0x111/0x130
  ? trace_irq_work_interrupt+0xa0/0xa0
  warn_slowpath_null+0x1d/0x20
  ftrace_get_addr_curr+0x143/0x220
  ? __fentry__+0x10/0x10
  ftrace_replace_code+0xe3/0x4f0
  ? ftrace_int3_handler+0x90/0x90
  ? printk+0x99/0xb5
  ? 0xffffffff81000000
  ftrace_modify_all_code+0x97/0x110
  arch_ftrace_update_code+0x10/0x20
  ftrace_run_update_code+0x1c/0x60
  ftrace_run_modify_code.isra.48.constprop.62+0x8e/0xd0
  register_ftrace_function_probe+0x4b6/0x590
  ? ftrace_startup+0x310/0x310
  ? debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled.part.4+0x1a/0x30
  ? update_stack_state+0x88/0x110
  ? ftrace_regex_write.isra.43.part.44+0x1d3/0x320
  ? preempt_count_sub+0x18/0xd0
  ? mutex_lock_nested+0x104/0x800
  ? ftrace_regex_write.isra.43.part.44+0x1d3/0x320
  ? __unwind_start+0x1c0/0x1c0
  ? _mutex_lock_nest_lock+0x800/0x800
  ftrace_trace_probe_callback.isra.3+0xc0/0x130
  ? func_set_flag+0xe0/0xe0
  ? __lock_acquire+0x642/0x1790
  ? __might_fault+0x1e/0x20
  ? trace_get_user+0x398/0x470
  ? strcmp+0x35/0x60
  ftrace_trace_onoff_callback+0x48/0x70
  ftrace_regex_write.isra.43.part.44+0x251/0x320
  ? match_records+0x420/0x420
  ftrace_filter_write+0x2b/0x30
  __vfs_write+0xd7/0x330
  ? do_loop_readv_writev+0x120/0x120
  ? locks_remove_posix+0x90/0x2f0
  ? do_lock_file_wait+0x160/0x160
  ? __lock_is_held+0x93/0x100
  ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x5c/0xb0
  ? preempt_count_sub+0x18/0xd0
  ? __sb_start_write+0x10a/0x230
  ? vfs_write+0x222/0x240
  vfs_write+0xef/0x240
  SyS_write+0xab/0x130
  ? SyS_read+0x130/0x130
  ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0x182/0x280
  ? trace_hardirqs_on_thunk+0x1a/0x1c
  entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x18/0xad
 RIP: 0033:0x7fe61c157c30
 RSP: 002b:00007ffe87890258 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: ffffffff8114a410 RCX: 00007fe61c157c30
 RDX: 0000000000000010 RSI: 000055814798f5e0 RDI: 0000000000000001
 RBP: ffff8800c9027f98 R08: 00007fe61c422740 R09: 00007fe61ca53700
 R10: 0000000000000073 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000558147a36400
 R13: 00007ffe8788f160 R14: 0000000000000024 R15: 00007ffe8788f15c
  ? trace_hardirqs_off_caller+0xc0/0x110
 ---[ end trace 99fa09b3d9869c2c ]---
 Bad trampoline accounting at: ffffffff81cc3b00 (do_IRQ+0x0/0x150)

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 59df055f ("ftrace: trace different functions with a different tracer")
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Stack tracing discovered that there's a small location inside the RCU
infrastructure where calling rcu_irq_enter() does not work. As trace events
use rcu_irq_enter() it must make sure that it is functionable. A check
against rcu_irq_enter_disabled() is added with a WARN_ON_ONCE() as no trace
event should ever be used in that part of RCU. If the warning is triggered,
then the trace event is ignored.

Restructure the __DO_TRACE() a bit to get rid of the prercu and postrcu,
and just have an rcucheck that does the work from within the _DO_TRACE()
macro. gcc optimization will compile out the rcucheck=0 case.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170405093207.404f8deb@gandalf.local.homeAcked-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>