When fixing up the first key of each node above the current level, at
fixup_low_keys(), we are doing a GFP_ATOMIC allocation for inserting an
operation record for the tree mod log. However we can do just fine with
GFP_NOFS nowadays. The need for GFP_ATOMIC was for the old days when we
had custom locks with spinning behaviour for extent buffers and we were
in spinning mode while at fixup_low_keys(). Now we use rw semaphores for
extent buffer locks, so we can safely use GFP_NOFS.
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

I have observed the following case play out and lead to unnecessary
relocations:

1. write a file across multiple block groups
2. delete the file
3. several block groups fall below the reclaim threshold
4. reclaim the first, moving extents into the others
5. reclaim the others which are now actually very full, leading to poor
   reclaim behavior with lots of writing, allocating new block groups,
   etc.

I believe the risk of missing some reasonable reclaims is worth it
when traded off against the savings of avoiding overfull reclaims.

Going forward, it could be interesting to make the check more advanced
(zoned aware, fragmentation aware, etc...) so that it can be a really
strong signal both at extent delete and reclaim time.
Reviewed-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Boris Burkov <boris@bur.io>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

As we delete extents from a block group, at some deletion we cross below
the reclaim threshold. It is possible we are still in the middle of
deleting more extents and might soon hit 0. If the block group is empty
by the time the reclaim worker runs, we will still relocate it.

This works just fine, as relocating an empty block group ultimately
results in properly deleting it. However, we have more direct ways of
removing empty block groups in the cleaner thread. Those are either
async discard or the unused_bgs list. In fact, when we decide whether to
relocate a block group during extent deletion, we do check for emptiness
and prefer the discard/unused_bgs mechanisms when possible.

Not using relocation for this case reduces some modest overhead from
empty bg relocation:

- extra transactions
- extra metadata use/churn for creating relocation metadata
- trying to read the extent tree to look for extents (and in this case
  finding none)
Reviewed-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Boris Burkov <boris@bur.io>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

During fiemap, when determining if a data extent is shared or not, if we
don't find the extent is directly shared, then we need to determine if
it's shared through subtrees. For that we need to resolve the indirect
reference we found in order to figure out the path in the inode's fs tree,
which is a path starting at the fs tree's root node and going down to the
leaf that contains the file extent item that points to the data extent.
We then proceed to determine if any extent buffer in that path is shared
with other trees or not.

However when the generation of the data extent is more recent than the
last generation used to snapshot the root, we don't need to determine
the path, since the data extent can not be shared through snapshots.
For this case we currently still determine the leaf of that path (at
find_parent_nodes(), but then stop determining the other nodes in the
path (at btrfs_is_data_extent_shared()) as it's pointless.

So do the check of the data extent's generation earlier, at
find_parent_nodes(), before trying to resolve the indirect reference to
determine the leaf in the path. This saves us from doing one expensive
b+tree search in the fs tree of our target inode, as well as other minor
work.

The following test was run on a non-debug kernel (Debian's default kernel
config):

   $ cat test-fiemap.sh
   #!/bin/bash

   DEV=/dev/sdi
   MNT=/mnt/sdi

   umount $DEV &> /dev/null
   mkfs.btrfs -f $DEV
   # Use compression to quickly create files with a lot of extents
   # (each with a size of 128K).
   mount -o compress=lzo $DEV $MNT

   # 40G gives 327680 extents, each with a size of 128K.
   xfs_io -f -c "pwrite -S 0xab -b 1M 0 40G" $MNT/foobar

   # Add some more files to increase the size of the fs and extent
   # trees (in the real world there's a lot of files and extents
   # from other files).
   xfs_io -f -c "pwrite -S 0xcd -b 1M 0 20G" $MNT/file1
   xfs_io -f -c "pwrite -S 0xef -b 1M 0 20G" $MNT/file2
   xfs_io -f -c "pwrite -S 0x73 -b 1M 0 20G" $MNT/file3

   umount $MNT
   mount -o compress=lzo $DEV $MNT

   start=$(date +%s%N)
   filefrag $MNT/foobar
   end=$(date +%s%N)
   dur=$(( (end - start) / 1000000 ))
   echo "fiemap took $dur milliseconds (metadata not cached)"
   echo

   start=$(date +%s%N)
   filefrag $MNT/foobar
   end=$(date +%s%N)
   dur=$(( (end - start) / 1000000 ))
   echo "fiemap took $dur milliseconds (metadata cached)"

   umount $MNT

Before applying this patch:

   (...)
   /mnt/sdi/foobar: 327680 extents found
   fiemap took 1285 milliseconds (metadata not cached)

   /mnt/sdi/foobar: 327680 extents found
   fiemap took 742 milliseconds (metadata cached)

After applying this patch:

   (...)
   /mnt/sdi/foobar: 327680 extents found
   fiemap took 689 milliseconds (metadata not cached)

   /mnt/sdi/foobar: 327680 extents found
   fiemap took 393 milliseconds (metadata cached)

That's a -46.4% total reduction for the metadata not cached case, and
a -47.0% reduction for the cached metadata case.

The test is somewhat limited in the sense the gains may be higher in
practice, because in the test the filesystem is small, so we have small
fs and extent trees, plus there's no concurrent access to the trees as
well, therefore no lock contention there.
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

During fiemap, when determining if a data extent is shared or not, if we
don't find the extent is directly shared, then we need to determine if
it's shared through subtrees. For that we need to resolve the indirect
reference we found in order to figure out the path in the inode's fs tree,
which is a path starting at the fs tree's root node and going down to the
leaf that contains the file extent item that points to the data extent.
We then proceed to determine if any extent buffer in that path is shared
with other trees or not.

Currently whenever we find the data extent that a file extent item points
to is not directly shared, we always resolve the path in the fs tree, and
then check if any extent buffer in the path is shared. This is a lot of
work and when we have file extent items that belong to the same leaf, we
have the same path, so we only need to calculate it once.

This change does that, it keeps track of the current and previous leaf,
and when we find that a data extent is not directly shared, we try to
compute the fs tree path only once and then use it for every other file
extent item in the same leaf, using the existing cached path result for
the leaf as long as the cache results are valid.

This saves us from doing expensive b+tree searches in the fs tree of our
target inode, as well as other minor work.

The following test was run on a non-debug kernel (Debian's default kernel
config):

   $ cat test-with-snapshots.sh
   #!/bin/bash

   DEV=/dev/sdi
   MNT=/mnt/sdi

   umount $DEV &> /dev/null
   mkfs.btrfs -f $DEV
   # Use compression to quickly create files with a lot of extents
   # (each with a size of 128K).
   mount -o compress=lzo $DEV $MNT

   # 40G gives 327680 extents, each with a size of 128K.
   xfs_io -f -c "pwrite -S 0xab -b 1M 0 40G" $MNT/foobar

   # Add some more files to increase the size of the fs and extent
   # trees (in the real world there's a lot of files and extents
   # from other files).
   xfs_io -f -c "pwrite -S 0xcd -b 1M 0 20G" $MNT/file1
   xfs_io -f -c "pwrite -S 0xef -b 1M 0 20G" $MNT/file2
   xfs_io -f -c "pwrite -S 0x73 -b 1M 0 20G" $MNT/file3

   # Create a snapshot so all the extents become indirectly shared
   # through subtrees, with a generation less than or equals to the
   # generation used to create the snapshot.
   btrfs subvolume snapshot -r $MNT $MNT/snap1

   umount $MNT
   mount -o compress=lzo $DEV $MNT

   start=$(date +%s%N)
   filefrag $MNT/foobar
   end=$(date +%s%N)
   dur=$(( (end - start) / 1000000 ))
   echo "fiemap took $dur milliseconds (metadata not cached)"
   echo

   start=$(date +%s%N)
   filefrag $MNT/foobar
   end=$(date +%s%N)
   dur=$(( (end - start) / 1000000 ))
   echo "fiemap took $dur milliseconds (metadata cached)"

   umount $MNT

Result before applying this patch:

   (...)
   /mnt/sdi/foobar: 327680 extents found
   fiemap took 1204 milliseconds (metadata not cached)

   /mnt/sdi/foobar: 327680 extents found
   fiemap took 729 milliseconds (metadata cached)

Result after applying this patch:

   (...)
   /mnt/sdi/foobar: 327680 extents found
   fiemap took 732 milliseconds (metadata not cached)

   /mnt/sdi/foobar: 327680 extents found
   fiemap took 421 milliseconds (metadata cached)

That's a -46.1% total reduction for the metadata not cached case, and
a -42.2% reduction for the cached metadata case.

The test is somewhat limited in the sense the gains may be higher in
practice, because in the test the filesystem is small, so we have small
fs and extent trees, plus there's no concurrent access to the trees as
well, therefore no lock contention there.
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

Move the static functions to lookup and store sharedness check of an
extent buffer to a location above find_all_parents(), because in the
next patch the lookup function will be used by find_all_parents().
The store function is also moved just because it's the counter part
to the lookup function and it's best to have their definitions close
together.
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

During fiemap we process all the file extent items of an inode, by their
file offset order (left to right b+tree order), and then check if the data
extent they point at is shared or not. Until now we didn't cache those
results, we only did it for b+tree nodes/leaves since for each unique
b+tree path we have access to hundreds of file extent items. However, it
is also common to repeat checking the sharedness of a particular data
extent in a very short time window, and the cases that lead to that are
the following:

1) COW writes.

   If have a file extent item like this:

                  [ bytenr X, offset = 0, num_bytes = 512K ]
   file offset    0                                        512K

   Then a 4K write into file offset 64K happens, we end up with the
   following file extent item layout:

                  [ bytenr X, offset = 0, num_bytes = 64K ]
   file offset    0                                       64K

                  [ bytenr Y, offset = 0, num_bytes = 4K ]
   file offset   64K                                     68K

                  [ bytenr X, offset = 68K, num_bytes = 444K ]
   file offset   68K                                         512K

   So during fiemap we well check for the sharedness of the data extent
   with bytenr X twice. Typically for COW writes and for at least
   moderately updated files, we end up with many file extent items that
   point to different sections of the same data extent.

2) Writing into a NOCOW file after a snapshot is taken.

   This happens if the target extent was created in a generation older
   than the generation where the last snapshot for the root (the tree the
   inode belongs to) was made.

   This leads to a scenario like the previous one.

3) Writing into sections of a preallocated extent.

   For example if a file has the following layout:

   [ bytenr X, offset = 0, num_bytes = 1M, type = prealloc ]
   0                                                       1M

   After doing a 4K write into file offset 0 and another 4K write into
   offset 512K, we get the following layout:

      [ bytenr X, offset = 0, num_bytes = 4K, type = regular ]
      0                                                      4K

      [ bytenr X, offset = 4K, num_bytes = 508K, type = prealloc ]
     4K                                                          512K

      [ bytenr X, offset = 512K, num_bytes = 4K, type = regular ]
   512K                                                         516K

      [ bytenr X, offset = 516K, num_bytes = 508K, type = prealloc ]
   516K                                                            1M

   So we end up with 4 consecutive file extent items pointing to the data
   extent at bytenr X.

4) Hole punching in the middle of an extent.

   For example if a file has the following file extent item:

   [ bytenr X, offset = 0, num_bytes = 8M ]
   0                                      8M

   And then hole is punched for the file range [4M, 6M[, we our file
   extent item split into two:

   [ bytenr X, offset = 0, num_bytes = 4M  ]
   0                                       4M

   [ 2M hole, implicit or explicit depending on NO_HOLES feature ]
   4M                                                            6M

   [ bytenr X, offset = 6M, num_bytes = 2M  ]
   6M                                       8M

   Again, we end up with two file extent items pointing to the same
   data extent.

5) When reflinking (clone and deduplication) within the same file.
   This is probably the least common case of all.

In cases 1, 2, 4 and 4, when we have multiple file extent items that point
to the same data extent, their distance is usually short, typically
separated by a few slots in a b+tree leaf (or across sibling leaves). For
case 5, the distance can vary a lot, but it's typically the less common
case.

This change caches the result of the sharedness checks for data extents,
but only for the last 8 extents that we notice that our inode refers to
with multiple file extent items. Whenever we want to check if a data
extent is shared, we lookup the cache which consists of doing a linear
scan of an 8 elements array, and if we find the data extent there, we
return the result and don't check the extent tree and delayed refs.

The array/cache is small so that doing the search has no noticeable
negative impact on the performance in case we don't have file extent items
within a distance of 8 slots that point to the same data extent.

Slots in the cache/array are overwritten in a simple round robin fashion,
as that approach fits very well.

Using this simple approach with only the last 8 data extents seen is
effective as usually when multiple file extents items point to the same
data extent, their distance is within 8 slots. It also uses very little
memory and the time to cache a result or lookup the cache is negligible.

The following test was run on non-debug kernel (Debian's default kernel
config) to measure the impact in the case of COW writes (first example
given above), where we run fiemap after overwriting 33% of the blocks of
a file:

   $ cat test.sh
   #!/bin/bash

   DEV=/dev/sdi
   MNT=/mnt/sdi

   umount $DEV &> /dev/null
   mkfs.btrfs -f $DEV
   mount $DEV $MNT

   FILE_SIZE=$((1 * 1024 * 1024  * 1024))

   # Create the file full of 1M extents.
   xfs_io -f -s -c "pwrite -b 1M -S 0xab 0 $FILE_SIZE" $MNT/foobar

   block_count=$((FILE_SIZE / 4096))
   # Overwrite about 33% of the file blocks.
   overwrite_count=$((block_count / 3))

   echo -e "\nOverwriting $overwrite_count 4K blocks (out of $block_count)..."
   RANDOM=123
   for ((i = 1; i <= $overwrite_count; i++)); do
       off=$(((RANDOM % block_count) * 4096))
       xfs_io -c "pwrite -S 0xcd $off 4K" $MNT/foobar > /dev/null
       echo -ne "\r$i blocks overwritten..."
   done
   echo -e "\n"

   # Unmount and mount to clear all cached metadata.
   umount $MNT
   mount $DEV $MNT

   start=$(date +%s%N)
   filefrag $MNT/foobar
   end=$(date +%s%N)
   dur=$(( (end - start) / 1000000 ))
   echo "fiemap took $dur milliseconds"

   umount $MNT

Result before applying this patch:

   fiemap took 128 milliseconds

Result after applying this patch:

   fiemap took 92 milliseconds   (-28.1%)

The test is somewhat limited in the sense the gains may be higher in
practice, because in the test the filesystem is small, so we have small
fs and extent trees, plus there's no concurrent access to the trees as
well, therefore no lock contention there.
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

At find_parent_nodes(), at its last step, when iterating over all direct
references, we are checking if we have a share context and if we have
a reference with a different root from the one in the share context.
However that logic is pointless because of two reasons:

1) After the previous patch in the series (subject "btrfs: remove roots
   ulist when checking data extent sharedness"), the roots argument is
   always NULL when using a share check context (struct share_check), so
   this code is never triggered;

2) Even before that previous patch, we could not hit this code because
   if we had a reference with a root different from the one in our share
   context, then we would have exited earlier when doing either of the
   following:

      - Adding a second direct ref to the direct refs red black tree
        resulted in extent_is_shared() returning true when called from
        add_direct_ref() -> add_prelim_ref(), after processing delayed
        references or while processing references in the extent tree;

      - When adding a second reference to the indirect refs red black
        tree (same as above, extent_is_shared() returns true);

      - If we only have one indirect reference and no direct references,
        then when resolving it at resolve_indirect_refs() we immediately
        return that the target extent is shared, therefore never reaching
        that loop that iterates over all direct references at
        find_parent_nodes();

      - If we have 1 indirect reference and 1 direct reference, then we
        also exit early because extent_is_shared() ends up returning true
        when called through add_prelim_ref() (by add_direct_ref() or
        add_indirect_ref()) or add_delayed_refs(). Same applies as when
        having a combination of direct, indirect and indirect with missing
        key references.

   This logic had been obsoleted since commit 3ec4d323 ("btrfs:
   allow backref search checks for shared extents"), which introduced the
   early exits in case an extent is shared.

So just remove that logic, and assert at find_parent_nodes() that when we
have a share context we don't have a roots ulist and that we haven't found
the extent to be directly shared after processing delayed references and
all references from the extent tree.
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

Currently btrfs_is_data_extent_shared() is passing a ulist for the roots
argument of find_parent_nodes(), however it does not use that ulist for
anything and for this context that list always ends up with at most one
element.

Since find_parent_nodes() is able to deal with a NULL ulist for its roots
argument, make btrfs_is_data_extent_shared() pass it NULL and avoid the
burden of allocating memory for the unnused roots ulist, initializing it,
releasing it and allocating one struct ulist_node for it during the call
to find_parent_nodes().
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

When calling btrfs_is_data_extent_shared() we pass two ulists that were
allocated by the caller. This is because the single caller, fiemap, calls
btrfs_is_data_extent_shared() multiple times and the ulists can be reused,
instead of allocating new ones before each call and freeing them after
each call.

Now that we have a context structure/object that we pass to
btrfs_is_data_extent_shared(), we can move those ulists to it, and hide
their allocation and the context's allocation in a helper function, as
well as the freeing of the ulists and the context object. This allows to
reduce the number of parameters passed to btrfs_is_data_extent_shared(),
the need to pass the ulists from extent_fiemap() to fiemap_process_hole()
and having the caller deal with allocating and releasing the ulists.

Also rename one of the ulists from 'tmp' / 'tmp_ulist' to 'refs', since
that's a much better name as it reflects what the list is used for (and
matching the argument name for find_parent_nodes()).
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

Right now we are using a struct btrfs_backref_shared_cache to pass state
across multiple btrfs_is_data_extent_shared() calls. The structure's name
closely follows its current purpose, which is to cache previous checks
for the sharedness of metadata extents. However we will start using the
structure for more things other than caching sharedness checks, so rename
it to struct btrfs_backref_share_check_ctx.
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

Currently we pass a root and an inode number as arguments for
btrfs_is_data_extent_shared() and the inode number is always from an
inode that belongs to that root (it wouldn't make sense otherwise).
In every context that we call btrfs_is_data_extent_shared() (fiemap only),
we have an inode available, so directly pass the inode to the function
instead of a root and inode number. This reduces the number of parameters
and it makes the function's signature conform to most other functions we
have.
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

When doing backref walking to determine if an extent is shared, we are
testing if the inode number, stored in the 'inum' field of struct
share_check, is 0. However that can never be case, since the all instances
of the structure are created at btrfs_is_data_extent_shared(), which
always initializes it with the inode number from a fs tree (and the number
for any inode from any tree can never be 0). So remove the checks.
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

When doing backref walking to determine if an extent is shared, we are
testing the root_objectid of the given share_check struct is 0, but that
is an impossible case, since btrfs_is_data_extent_shared() always
initializes the root_objectid field with the id of the given root, and
no root can have an objectid of 0. So remove those checks.
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

When allocating an extent buffer, at __alloc_extent_buffer(), there's no
point in explicitly assigning zero to the bflags field of the new extent
buffer because we allocated it with kmem_cache_zalloc().

So just remove the redundant initialization, it saves one mov instruction
in the generated assembly code for x86_64 ("movq $0x0,0x10(%rax)").
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

At btrfs_clone_extent_buffer(), before allocating the pages array for the
new extent buffer we are calling memset() to zero out the pages array of
the extent buffer. This is pointless however, because the extent buffer
already has every element in its pages array pointing to NULL, as it was
allocated with kmem_cache_zalloc(). The memset() was introduced with
commit dd137dd1 ("btrfs: factor out allocating an array of pages"),
but even before that commit we already depended on the pages array being
initialized to NULL for the error paths that need to call
btrfs_release_extent_buffer().

So remove the memset(), it's useless and slightly increases the object
text size.

Before this change:

   $ size fs/btrfs/extent_io.o
      text	   data	    bss	    dec	    hex	filename
     70580	   5469	     40	  76089	  12939	fs/btrfs/extent_io.o

After this change:

   $ size fs/btrfs/extent_io.o
      text	   data	    bss	    dec	    hex	filename
     70564	   5469	     40	  76073	  12929	fs/btrfs/extent_io.o
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

During fiemap and lseek (hole and data seeking), there's no point in
iterating the inode's io tree to count delalloc bits if the inode's
delalloc bytes counter has a value of zero, as that counter is updated
whenever we set a range for delalloc or clear a range from delalloc.

So skip the counting and io tree iteration if the inode's delalloc bytes
counter has a value of zero. This helps save time when processing a file
range corresponding to a hole or prealloc (unwritten) extent.

This patch is part of a series comprised of the following patches:

  btrfs: get the next extent map during fiemap/lseek more efficiently
  btrfs: skip unnecessary extent map searches during fiemap and lseek
  btrfs: skip unnecessary delalloc search during fiemap and lseek

The following test was performed on a release kernel (Debian's default
kernel config) before and after applying those 3 patches.

   # Wrapper to call fiemap in extent count only mode.
   # (struct fiemap::fm_extent_count set to 0)
   $ cat fiemap.c
   #include <stdio.h>
   #include <unistd.h>
   #include <stdlib.h>
   #include <fcntl.h>
   #include <errno.h>
   #include <string.h>
   #include <sys/ioctl.h>
   #include <linux/fs.h>
   #include <linux/fiemap.h>

   int main(int argc, char **argv)
   {
            struct fiemap fiemap = { 0 };
            int fd;

            if (argc != 2) {
                    printf("usage: %s <path>\n", argv[0]);
                    return 1;
            }
            fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
            if (fd < 0) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "error opening file: %s\n",
                            strerror(errno));
                    return 1;
            }

            /* fiemap.fm_extent_count set to 0, to count extents only. */
            fiemap.fm_length = FIEMAP_MAX_OFFSET;
            if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_FIEMAP, &fiemap) < 0) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "fiemap error: %s\n",
                            strerror(errno));
                    return 1;
            }
            close(fd);
            printf("fm_mapped_extents = %d\n", fiemap.fm_mapped_extents);

            return 0;
   }

   $ gcc -o fiemap fiemap.c

And the wrapper shell script that creates a file with many holes and runs
fiemap against it:

   $ cat test.sh
   #!/bin/bash

   DEV=/dev/sdi
   MNT=/mnt/sdi

   mkfs.btrfs -f $DEV
   mount $DEV $MNT

   FILE_SIZE=$((1 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024))
   echo -n > $MNT/foobar
   for ((off = 0; off < $FILE_SIZE; off += 8192)); do
           xfs_io -c "pwrite -S 0xab $off 4K" $MNT/foobar > /dev/null
   done

   # flush all delalloc
   sync

   start=$(date +%s%N)
   ./fiemap $MNT/foobar
   end=$(date +%s%N)
   dur=$(( (end - start) / 1000000 ))
   echo "fiemap took $dur milliseconds"

   umount $MNT

Result before applying patchset:

   fm_mapped_extents = 131072
   fiemap took 63 milliseconds

Result after applying patchset:

   fm_mapped_extents = 131072
   fiemap took 39 milliseconds   (-38.1%)

Running the same test for a 512M file instead of a 1G file, gave the
following results.

Result before applying patchset:

   fm_mapped_extents = 65536
   fiemap took 29 milliseconds

Result after applying patchset:

   fm_mapped_extents = 65536
   fiemap took 20 milliseconds    (-31.0%)
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

If we have no outstanding extents it means we don't have any extent maps
corresponding to delalloc that is flushing, as when an ordered extent is
created we increment the number of outstanding extents to 1 and when we
remove the ordered extent we decrement them by 1. So skip extent map tree
searches if the number of outstanding ordered extents is 0, saving time as
the tree is not empty if we have previously made some reads or flushed
delalloc, as in those cases it can have a very large number of extent maps
for files with many extents.

This helps save time when processing a file range corresponding to a hole
or prealloc (unwritten) extent.

The next patch in the series has a performance test in its changelog and
its subject is:

    "btrfs: skip unnecessary delalloc search during fiemap and lseek"
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

At find_delalloc_subrange(), when we need to get the next extent map, we
do a full search on the extent map tree (a red black tree). This is fine
but it's a lot more efficient to simply use rb_next(), which typically
requires iterating over less nodes of the tree and never needs to compare
the ranges of nodes with the one we are looking for.

So add a public helper to extent_map.{h,c} to get the extent map that
immediately follows another extent map, using rb_next(), and use that
helper at find_delalloc_subrange().
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

For Btrfs RAID56, we have a caching system for btrfs raid bios (rbio).

We call cache_rbio_pages() to mark a qualified rbio ready for cache.

The timing happens at:

- finish_rmw()

  At this timing, we have already read all necessary sectors, along with
  the rbio sectors, we have covered all data stripes.

- __raid_recover_end_io()

  At this timing, we have rebuild the rbio, thus all data sectors
  involved (either from stripe or bio list) are uptodate now.

Thus at the timing of cache_rbio_pages(), we should have all data
sectors uptodate.

This patch will make it explicit that all data sectors are uptodate at
cache_rbio_pages() timing, mostly to prepare for the incoming
verification at RMW time.

This patch will add:

- Extra ASSERT()s in cache_rbio_pages()
  This is to make sure all data sectors, which are not covered by bio,
  are already uptodate.

- Extra ASSERT()s in steal_rbio()
  Since only cached rbio can be stolen, thus every data sector should
  already be uptodate in the source rbio.

- Update __raid_recover_end_io() to update recovered sector->uptodate
  Previously __raid_recover_end_io() will only mark failed sectors
  uptodate if it's doing an RMW.

  But this can trigger new ASSERT()s, as for recovery case, a recovered
  failed sector will not be marked uptodate, and trigger ASSERT() in
  later cache_rbio_pages() call.
Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

Currently inside alloc_rbio(), we allocate a larger memory to contain
the following members:

- struct btrfs_raid_rbio itself
- stripe_pages array
- bio_sectors array
- stripe_sectors array
- finish_pointers array

Then update rbio pointers to point the extra space after the rbio
structure itself.

Thus it introduced a complex CONSUME_ALLOC() macro to help the thing.

This is too hacky, and is going to make later pointers expansion harder.

This patch will change it to use regular kcalloc() for each pointer
inside btrfs_raid_bio, making the later expansion much easier.

And introduce a helper free_raid_bio_pointers() to free up all the
pointer members in btrfs_raid_bio, which will be used in both
free_raid_bio() and error path of alloc_rbio().
Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

The cleanup involves two things:

- Remove the "__" prefix
  There is no naming confliction.

- Remove the forward declaration
  There is no special function call involved.
Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

Inside of FB, as well as some user reports, we've had a consistent
problem of occasional ENOSPC transaction aborts.  Inside FB we were
seeing ~100-200 ENOSPC aborts per day in the fleet, which is a really
low occurrence rate given the size of our fleet, but it's not nothing.

There are two causes of this particular problem.

First is delayed allocation.  The reservation system for delalloc
assumes that contiguous dirty ranges will result in 1 file extent item.
However if there is memory pressure that results in fragmented writeout,
or there is fragmentation in the block groups, this won't necessarily be
true.  Consider the case where we do a single 256MiB write to a file and
then close it.  We will have 1 reservation for the inode update, the
reservations for the checksum updates, and 1 reservation for the file
extent item.  At some point later we decide to write this entire range
out, but we're so fragmented that we break this into 100 different file
extents.  Since we've already closed the file and are no longer writing
to it there's nothing to trigger a refill of the delalloc block rsv to
satisfy the 99 new file extent reservations we need.  At this point we
exhaust our delalloc reservation, and we begin to steal from the global
reserve.  If you have enough of these cases going in parallel you can
easily exhaust the global reserve, get an ENOSPC at
btrfs_alloc_tree_block() time, and then abort the transaction.

The other case is the delayed refs reserve.  The delayed refs reserve
updates its size based on outstanding delayed refs and dirty block
groups.  However we only refill this block reserve when returning
excess reservations and when we call btrfs_start_transaction(root, X).
We will reserve 2*X credits at transaction start time, and fill in X
into the delayed refs reserve to make sure it stays topped off.
Generally this works well, but clearly has downsides.  If we do a
particularly delayed ref heavy operation we may never catch up in our
reservations.  Additionally running delayed refs generates more delayed
refs, and at that point we may be committing the transaction and have no
way to trigger a refill of our delayed refs rsv.  Then a similar thing
occurs with the delalloc reserve.

Generally speaking we well over-reserve in all of our block rsvs.  If we
reserve 1 credit we're usually reserving around 264k of space, but we'll
often not use any of that reservation, or use a few blocks of that
reservation.  We can be reasonably sure that as long as you were able to
reserve space up front for your operation you'll be able to find space
on disk for that reservation.

So introduce a new flushing state, BTRFS_RESERVE_FLUSH_EMERGENCY.  This
gets used in the case that we've exhausted our reserve and the global
reserve.  It simply forces a reservation if we have enough actual space
on disk to make the reservation, which is almost always the case.  This
keeps us from hitting ENOSPC aborts in these odd occurrences where we've
not kept up with the delayed work.

Fixing this in a complete way is going to be relatively complicated and
time consuming.  This patch is what I discussed with Filipe earlier this
year, and what I put into our kernels inside FB.  With this patch we're
down to 1-2 ENOSPC aborts per week, which is a significant reduction.
This is a decent stop gap until we can work out a more wholistic
solution to these two corner cases.
Reviewed-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

These are wrapped in CONFIG_FS_VERITY, but we can have the definitions
without verity enabled.  Move these definitions up with the other
accessor helpers.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

This uses btrfs_header_nritems, which I will be moving out of ctree.h.
In order to avoid needing to include the relevant header in ctree.h,
simply move this helper function into ctree.c.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
[ rename parameters ]
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

This is local to the free-space-cache.c code, remove it from ctree.h and
inode.c, create new init/exit functions for the cachep, and move it
locally to free-space-cache.c.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

This is local to the ctree code, remove it from ctree.h and inode.c,
create new init/exit functions for the cachep, and move it locally to
ctree.c.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

This is local to the transaction code, remove it from ctree.h and
inode.c, create new helpers in the transaction to handle the init work
and move the cachep locally to transaction.c.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

This isn't used outside of inode.c, there's no reason to define it in
btrfs_inode.h. Drop the inline and add __cold as it's for errors that
are not in any hot path.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

This code is used in space-info.c, move the definitions to space-info.h.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

This function uses functions that are not defined in block-group.h, move
it into block-group.c in order to keep the header clean.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

These definitions are used for discard statistics, move them out of
ctree.h and put them in free-space-cache.h.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

This is only used locally in scrub.c, move it out of ctree.h into
scrub.c.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

We have maximum link and name length limits, move these to btrfs_tree.h
as they're on disk limitations.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
[ reformat comments ]
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

This inline helper calls btrfs_fs_compat_ro(), which is defined in
another header.  To avoid weird header dependency problems move this
helper into disk-io.c with the rest of the global root helpers.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

The bulk of our on-disk definitions exist in btrfs_tree.h, which user
space can use.  Keep things consistent and move the rest of the on disk
definitions out of ctree.h into btrfs_tree.h.  Note I did have to update
all u8's to __u8, but otherwise this is a strict copy and paste.

Most of the definitions are mainly for internal use and are not
guaranteed stable public API and may change as we need. Compilation
failures by user applications can happen.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
[ reformat comments, style fixups ]
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

The last user of this definition was removed in patch f26c9238
("btrfs: remove reada infrastructure") so we can remove this definition.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

This hasn't been used since 138a12d8 ("btrfs: rip out
btrfs_space_info::total_bytes_pinned") so it is safe to remove.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

The last users of these helpers were removed in 5297199a ("btrfs:
remove inode number cache feature") so delete these helpers.

The point was for mount options that were applicable after transaction
commit so they could not be applied immediately. We don't have such
options anymore and if we do the patch can be reverted.
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

Since leaf is already NULL, and no other branch will go to fail_unlock,
the fail_unlock label is useless and can be removed
Signed-off-by: Peng Hao <flyingpeng@tencent.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>