- 20 Oct, 2008 20 commits
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Lee Schermerhorn authored
Shmem segments locked into memory via shmctl(SHM_LOCKED) should not be kept on the normal LRU, since scanning them is a waste of time and might throw off kswapd's balancing algorithms. Place them on the unevictable LRU list instead. Use the AS_UNEVICTABLE flag to mark address_space of SHM_LOCKed shared memory regions as unevictable. Then these pages will be culled off the normal LRU lists during vmscan. Add new wrapper function to clear the mapping's unevictable state when/if shared memory segment is munlocked. Add 'scan_mapping_unevictable_page()' to mm/vmscan.c to scan all pages in the shmem segment's mapping [struct address_space] for evictability now that they're no longer locked. If so, move them to the appropriate zone lru list. Changes depend on [CONFIG_]UNEVICTABLE_LRU. [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: revert shm change] Signed-off-by:
Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by:
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Lee Schermerhorn authored
Christoph Lameter pointed out that ram disk pages also clutter the LRU lists. When vmscan finds them dirty and tries to clean them, the ram disk writeback function just redirties the page so that it goes back onto the active list. Round and round she goes... With the ram disk driver [rd.c] replaced by the newer 'brd.c', this is no longer the case, as ram disk pages are no longer maintained on the lru. [This makes them unmigratable for defrag or memory hot remove, but that can be addressed by a separate patch series.] However, the ramfs pages behave like ram disk pages used to, so: Define new address_space flag [shares address_space flags member with mapping's gfp mask] to indicate that the address space contains all unevictable pages. This will provide for efficient testing of ramfs pages in page_evictable(). Also provide wrapper functions to set/test the unevictable state to minimize #ifdefs in ramfs driver and any other users of this facility. Set the unevictable state on address_space structures for new ramfs inodes. Test the unevictable state in page_evictable() to cull unevictable pages. These changes depend on [CONFIG_]UNEVICTABLE_LRU. [riel@redhat.com: undo the brd.c part] Signed-off-by:
Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Signed-off-by:
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Lee Schermerhorn authored
Report unevictable pages per zone and system wide. Kosaki Motohiro added support for memory controller unevictable statistics. [riel@redhat.com: fix printk in show_free_areas()] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix units in /proc/vmstats] Signed-off-by:
Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by:
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Lee Schermerhorn authored
Fix to unevictable-lru-page-statistics.patch Add unevictable lru infrastructure vm events to the statistics patch. Rename the "NORECL_" and "noreclaim_" symbols and text strings to "UNEVICTABLE_" and "unevictable_", respectively. Currently, both the infrastructure and the mlocked pages event are added by a single patch later in the series. This makes it difficult to add or rework the incremental patches. The events actually "belong" with the stats, so pull them up to here. Also, restore the event counting to putback_lru_page(). This was removed from previous patch in series where it was "misplaced". The actual events weren't defined that early. Signed-off-by:
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Lee Schermerhorn authored
When the system contains lots of mlocked or otherwise unevictable pages, the pageout code (kswapd) can spend lots of time scanning over these pages. Worse still, the presence of lots of unevictable pages can confuse kswapd into thinking that more aggressive pageout modes are required, resulting in all kinds of bad behaviour. Infrastructure to manage pages excluded from reclaim--i.e., hidden from vmscan. Based on a patch by Larry Woodman of Red Hat. Reworked to maintain "unevictable" pages on a separate per-zone LRU list, to "hide" them from vmscan. Kosaki Motohiro added the support for the memory controller unevictable lru list. Pages on the unevictable list have both PG_unevictable and PG_lru set. Thus, PG_unevictable is analogous to and mutually exclusive with PG_active--it specifies which LRU list the page is on. The unevictable infrastructure is enabled by a new mm Kconfig option [CONFIG_]UNEVICTABLE_LRU. A new function 'page_evictable(page, vma)' in vmscan.c tests whether or not a page may be evictable. Subsequent patches will add the various !evictable tests. We'll want to keep these tests light-weight for use in shrink_active_list() and, possibly, the fault path. To avoid races between tasks putting pages [back] onto an LRU list and tasks that might be moving the page from non-evictable to evictable state, the new function 'putback_lru_page()' -- inverse to 'isolate_lru_page()' -- tests the "evictability" of a page after placing it on the LRU, before dropping the reference. If the page has become unevictable, putback_lru_page() will redo the 'putback', thus moving the page to the unevictable list. This way, we avoid "stranding" evictable pages on the unevictable list. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix fallout from out-of-order merge] [riel@redhat.com: fix UNEVICTABLE_LRU and !PROC_PAGE_MONITOR build] [nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp: remove redundant mapping check] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: unevictable-lru-infrastructure: putback_lru_page()/unevictable page handling rework] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: kill unnecessary lock_page() in vmscan.c] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: revert migration change of unevictable lru infrastructure] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: revert to unevictable-lru-infrastructure-kconfig-fix.patch] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: restore patch failure of vmstat-unevictable-and-mlocked-pages-vm-events.patch] Signed-off-by:
Benjamin Kidwell <benjkidwell@yahoo.com> Signed-off-by:
Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Signed-off-by:
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by:
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Lee Schermerhorn authored
Define proper false/noop inline functions for noreclaim page flags when !defined(CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU) Signed-off-by:
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Rik van Riel authored
During an AIM7 run on a 16GB system, fork started failing around 32000 threads, despite the system having plenty of free swap and 15GB of pageable memory. This was on x86-64, so 8k stacks. If a higher order allocation fails, we can either: - keep evicting pages off the end of the LRUs and hope that we eventually create a contiguous region; this is somewhat unlikely if the system is under enough stress by new allocations - after trying normal eviction for a bit, use lumpy reclaim This patch switches the system to lumpy reclaim if the VM is having trouble freeing enough pages, using the same threshold for detection as used by pageout congestion wait. Signed-off-by:
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Rik van Riel authored
Swapin_readahead can read in a lot of data that the processes in memory never need. Adding swap cache pages to the inactive list prevents them from putting too much pressure on the working set. This has the potential to help the programs that are already in memory, but it could also be a disadvantage to processes that are trying to get swapped in. Signed-off-by:
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Rik van Riel authored
Moving referenced pages back to the head of the active list creates a huge scalability problem, because by the time a large memory system finally runs out of free memory, every single page in the system will have been referenced. Not only do we not have the time to scan every single page on the active list, but since they have will all have the referenced bit set, that bit conveys no useful information. A more scalable solution is to just move every page that hits the end of the active list to the inactive list. We clear the referenced bit off of mapped pages, which need just one reference to be moved back onto the active list. Unmapped pages will be moved back to the active list after two references (see mark_page_accessed). We preserve the PG_referenced flag on unmapped pages to preserve accesses that were made while the page was on the active list. Signed-off-by:
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Rik van Riel authored
We avoid evicting and scanning anonymous pages for the most part, but under some workloads we can end up with most of memory filled with anonymous pages. At that point, we suddenly need to clear the referenced bits on all of memory, which can take ages on very large memory systems. We can reduce the maximum number of pages that need to be scanned by not taking the referenced state into account when deactivating an anonymous page. After all, every anonymous page starts out referenced, so why check? If an anonymous page gets referenced again before it reaches the end of the inactive list, we move it back to the active list. To keep the maximum amount of necessary work reasonable, we scale the active to inactive ratio with the size of memory, using the formula active:inactive ratio = sqrt(memory in GB * 10). Kswapd CPU use now seems to scale by the amount of pageout bandwidth, instead of by the amount of memory present in the system. [kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com: fix OOM with memcg] [kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com: memcg: lru scan fix] Signed-off-by:
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Rik van Riel authored
Split the LRU lists in two, one set for pages that are backed by real file systems ("file") and one for pages that are backed by memory and swap ("anon"). The latter includes tmpfs. The advantage of doing this is that the VM will not have to scan over lots of anonymous pages (which we generally do not want to swap out), just to find the page cache pages that it should evict. This patch has the infrastructure and a basic policy to balance how much we scan the anon lists and how much we scan the file lists. The big policy changes are in separate patches. [lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: collect lru meminfo statistics from correct offset] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: prevent incorrect oom under split_lru] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix pagevec_move_tail() doesn't treat unevictable page] [hugh@veritas.com: memcg swapbacked pages active] [hugh@veritas.com: splitlru: BDI_CAP_SWAP_BACKED] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix /proc/vmstat units] [nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp: memcg: fix handling of shmem migration] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: adjust Quicklists field of /proc/meminfo] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix style issue of get_scan_ratio()] Signed-off-by:Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by:
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Rik van Riel authored
Define page_file_cache() function to answer the question: is page backed by a file? Originally part of Rik van Riel's split-lru patch. Extracted to make available for other, independent reclaim patches. Moved inline function to linux/mm_inline.h where it will be needed by subsequent "split LRU" and "noreclaim" patches. Unfortunately this needs to use a page flag, since the PG_swapbacked state needs to be preserved all the way to the point where the page is last removed from the LRU. Trying to derive the status from other info in the page resulted in wrong VM statistics in earlier split VM patchsets. The total number of page flags in use on a 32 bit machine after this patch is 19. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up out-of-order merge fallout] [hugh@veritas.com: splitlru: shmem_getpage SetPageSwapBacked sooner[ Signed-off-by:
MinChan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Rik van Riel authored
If vm_swap_full() (swap space more than 50% full), the system will free swap space at swapin time. With this patch, the system will also free the swap space in the pageout code, when we decide that the page is not a candidate for swapout (and just wasting swap space). Signed-off-by:
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KOSAKI Motohiro authored
Turn the pagevecs into an array just like the LRUs. This significantly cleans up the source code and reduces the size of the kernel by about 13kB after all the LRU lists have been created further down in the split VM patch series. Signed-off-by:
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Christoph Lameter authored
Currently we are defining explicit variables for the inactive and active list. An indexed array can be more generic and avoid repeating similar code in several places in the reclaim code. We are saving a few bytes in terms of code size: Before: text data bss dec hex filename 4097753 573120 4092484 8763357 85b7dd vmlinux After: text data bss dec hex filename 4097729 573120 4092484 8763333 85b7c5 vmlinux Having an easy way to add new lru lists may ease future work on the reclaim code. Signed-off-by:
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Nick Piggin authored
On large memory systems, the VM can spend way too much time scanning through pages that it cannot (or should not) evict from memory. Not only does it use up CPU time, but it also provokes lock contention and can leave large systems under memory presure in a catatonic state. This patch series improves VM scalability by: 1) putting filesystem backed, swap backed and unevictable pages onto their own LRUs, so the system only scans the pages that it can/should evict from memory 2) switching to two handed clock replacement for the anonymous LRUs, so the number of pages that need to be scanned when the system starts swapping is bound to a reasonable number 3) keeping unevictable pages off the LRU completely, so the VM does not waste CPU time scanning them. ramfs, ramdisk, SHM_LOCKED shared memory segments and mlock()ed VMA pages are keept on the unevictable list. This patch: isolate_lru_page logically belongs to be in vmscan.c than migrate.c. It is tough, because we don't need that function without memory migration so there is a valid argument to have it in migrate.c. However a subsequent patch needs to make use of it in the core mm, so we can happily move it to vmscan.c. Also, make the function a little more generic by not requiring that it adds an isolated page to a given list. Callers can do that. Note that we now have '__isolate_lru_page()', that does something quite different, visible outside of vmscan.c for use with memory controller. Methinks we need to rationalize these names/purposes. --lts [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix mm/memory_hotplug.c build] Signed-off-by:
Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Signed-off-by:
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Badari Pulavarty authored
There is nothing architecture specific about remove_memory(). remove_memory() function is common for all architectures which support hotplug memory remove. Instead of duplicating it in every architecture, collapse them into arch neutral function. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix the export] Signed-off-by:
Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com> Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Gary Hade <garyhade@us.ibm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
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Atsushi Nemoto authored
Fix a warning caused by commit 0c8946d9 (serial: Make uart_port's ioport "unsigned long".) Signed-off-by:
Atsushi Nemoto <anemo@mba.ocn.ne.jp> Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Cc: Josip Rodin <joy@entuzijast.net> Signed-off-by:
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Stephen Rothwell authored
Today's linux-next build (powerpc_allyesconfig) failed like this: drivers/char/tpm/tpm.c:1162: error: __ksymtab_tpm_dev_release causes a section type conflict Caused by commit 253115b7 ("The tpm_dev_release function is only called for platform devices, not pnp") which exported a static function. Signed-off-by:
Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Rajiv Andrade <srajiv@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Signed-off-by:
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Mark Brown authored
A couple of commits have a broken real name - fix them up. Signed-off-by:
Mark Brown <broonie@sirena.org.uk> Signed-off-by:
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- 19 Oct, 2008 1 commit
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Linus Torvalds authored
The anon_vma code is very subtle, and we end up doing optimistic lookups of anon_vmas under RCU in page_lock_anon_vma() with no locking. Other CPU's can also see the newly allocated entry immediately after we've exposed it by setting "vma->anon_vma" to the new value. We protect against the anon_vma being destroyed by having the SLAB marked as SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU, so the RCU lookup can depend on the allocation not being destroyed - but it might still be free'd and re-allocated here to a new vma. As a result, we should not do the anon_vma list ops on a newly allocated vma without proper locking. Acked-by:
Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by:
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- 17 Oct, 2008 19 commits
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb-2.6Linus Torvalds authored
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb-2.6: (94 commits) USB: remove err() macro from more usb drivers USB: remove err() macro from usb misc drivers USB: remove err() macro from usb core code USB: remove err() macro from usb class drivers USB: remove use of err() in drivers/usb/serial USB: remove info() macro from usb mtd drivers USB: remove info() macro from usb input drivers USB: remove info() macro from usb network drivers USB: remove info() macro from remaining usb drivers USB: remove info() macro from usb/misc drivers USB: remove info() macro from usb/serial drivers USB: remove warn macro from HID core USB: remove warn() macro from usb drivers USB: remove warn() macro from usb net drivers USB: remove warn() macro from usb media drivers USB: remove warn() macro from usb input drivers usb/fsl_qe_udc: clear data toggle on clear halt request usb/fsl_qe_udc: fix response to get status request fsl_usb2_udc: Fix oops on probe failure. fsl_usb2_udc: Add a wmb before priming endpoint. ...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/airlied/drm-2.6Linus Torvalds authored
* 'drm-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/airlied/drm-2.6: (44 commits) drm/i915: fix ioremap of a user address for non-root (CVE-2008-3831) drm: make CONFIG_DRM depend on CONFIG_SHMEM. radeon: fix PCI bus mastering support enables. radeon: add RS400 family support. drm/radeon: add support for RS740 IGP chipsets. i915: GM45 has GM965-style MCH setup. i915: Don't run retire work handler while suspended i915: Map status page cached for chips with GTT-based HWS location. i915: Fix up ring initialization to cover G45 oddities i915: Use non-reserved status page index for breadcrumb drm: Increment dev_priv->irq_received so i915_gem_interrupts count works. drm: kill drm_device->irq drm: wbinvd is cache coherent. i915: add missing return in error path. i915: fixup permissions on gem ioctls. drm: Clean up many sparse warnings in i915. drm: Use ioremap_wc in i915_driver instead of ioremap, since we always want WC. drm: G33-class hardware has a newer 965-style MCH (no DCC register). drm: Avoid oops in GEM execbuffers with bad arguments. DRM: Return -EBADF on bad object in flink, and return curent name if it exists. ...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/linux-2.6Linus Torvalds authored
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/linux-2.6: (95 commits) V4L/DVB (9296): Patch to remove warning message during cx88-dvb compilation V4L/DVB (9294): gspca: Add a stop sequence in t613. V4L/DVB (9293): gspca: Separate and fix the sensor dependant sequences in t613. V4L/DVB (9292): gspca: Call the control setting functions at init time in t613. V4L/DVB (9291): gspca: Do not set the white balance temperature by default in t613. V4L/DVB (9290): gspca: Adjust the sensor init sequences in t613. V4L/DVB (9289): gspca: Other sensor identified as om6802 in t613. V4L/DVB (9288): gspca: Write to the USB device and not USB interface in t613. V4L/DVB (9287): gspca: Change the name of the multi bytes write function in t613. V4L/DVB (9286): gspca: Compilation problem of gspca.c and the kernel version. V4L/DVB (9283): Correct typo and enable setting the gain on the mt9m111 sensor V4L/DVB (9282): Properly iterate the urbs when destroying them. V4L/DVB (9281): gspca: Add hflip and vflip to the po1030 sensor V4L/DVB (9280): gspca: Use the gspca debug macros V4L/DVB (9279): gspca: Correct some copyright headers V4L/DVB (9278): gspca: Remove the m5602_debug variable V4L/DVB (9277): gspca: propagate an error in m5602_start_transfer() V4L/DVB (9276): videobuf-dvb: two functions are now static V4L/DVB (9275): dvb: input data pointer of cx24116_writeregN() should be const V4L/DVB (9274): Remove spurious messages and turn into debug. ...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4Linus Torvalds authored
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: ext4: Remove automatic enabling of the HUGE_FILE feature flag ext4: Replace hackish ext4_mb_poll_new_transaction with commit callback ext4: Update Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt ext4: Remove unused mount options: nomballoc, mballoc, nocheck ext4: Remove compile warnings when building w/o CONFIG_PROC_FS ext4: Add missing newlines to printk messages ext4: Fix file fragmentation during large file write. vfs: Add no_nrwrite_index_update writeback control flag vfs: Remove the range_cont writeback mode. ext4: Use tag dirty lookup during mpage_da_submit_io ext4: let the block device know when unused blocks can be discarded ext4: Don't reuse released data blocks until transaction commits ext4: Use an rbtree for tracking blocks freed during transaction. ext4: Do mballoc init before doing filesystem recovery ext4: Free ext4_prealloc_space using kmem_cache_free ext4: Fix Kconfig typo for ext4dev ext4: Remove an old reference to ext4dev in Makefile comment
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Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove err() and use the system-wide standard of dev_err() wherever possible. In the few places that will not work out, use a basic printk(). Signed-off-by:Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove err() and use the system-wide standard of dev_err() wherever possible. In the few places that will not work out, use a basic printk(). Signed-off-by: -
Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove err() and use the system-wide standard of dev_err() wherever possible. In the few places that will not work out, use a basic printk(). Signed-off-by: -
Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove err() and use the system-wide standard of dev_err() wherever possible. In the few places that will not work out, use a basic printk(). Signed-off-by: -
Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
err() is going away, so switch to dev_err() or printk() if it's really needed. Signed-off-by: -
Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove info() and use the system-wide standard of dev_info() wherever possible. Acked-by:
David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by:
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Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove info() and use the system-wide standard of dev_info() wherever possible. Acked-by:
Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove info() and use the system-wide standard of dev_info() wherever possible. Cc: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: -
Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove info() and use the system-wide standard of dev_info() wherever possible. In the few places that will not work out, use a basic printk(). Clean up the remaining usages of this in the drivers/usb/ directory. Signed-off-by: -
Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove info() and use the system-wide standard of dev_info() wherever possible. Signed-off-by: -
Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove info() and use the system-wide standard of dev_info() wherever possible. Signed-off-by: -
Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
There were two stragglers that got missed in the last merge of the HID tree that forgot to change the warn() calls to dev_warn(). This patch fixes them up. Acked-by:
Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz> Signed-off-by:
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Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove warn() and use the system-wide standard of dev_warn() wherever possible. In the few places that will not work out, use a basic printk(). Signed-off-by: -
Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove warn() and use the system-wide standard of dev_warn() wherever possible. In the few places that will not work out, use a basic printk(). Cc: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: -
Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
USB should not be having it's own printk macros, so remove warn() and use the system-wide standard of dev_warn() wherever possible. In the few places that will not work out, use a basic printk(). Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org> Signed-off-by:
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