ld -r is an incremental link used to create built-in.o files in build
subdirectories. It produces relocatable object files containing all
its input files, and these are are then pulled together and relocated
in the final link. Aside from the bloat, this constrains the final
link relocations, which has bitten large powerpc builds with
unresolvable relocations in the final link.

Alan Modra has recommended the kernel use thin archives for linking.
This is an alternative and means that the linker has more information
available to it when it links the kernel.

This patch enables a config option architectures can select, which
causes all built-in.o files to be built as thin archives. built-in.o
files in subdirectories do not get symbol table or index attached,
which improves speed and size. The final link pass creates a
built-in.o archive in the root output directory which includes the
symbol table and index. The linker then uses takes this file to link.

The --whole-archive linker option is required, because the linker now
has visibility to every individual object file, and it will otherwise
just completely avoid including those without external references
(consider a file with EXPORT_SYMBOL or initcall or hardware exceptions
as its only entry points). The traditional built works "by luck" as
built-in.o files are large enough that they're going to get external
references. However this optimisation is unpredictable for the kernel
(due to above external references), ineffective at culling unused, and
costly because the .o files have to be searched for references.
Superior alternatives for link-time culling should be used instead.

Build characteristics for inclink vs thinarc, on a small powerpc64le
pseries VM with a modest .config:

                                  inclink       thinarc
sizes
vmlinux                        15 618 680    15 625 028
sum of all built-in.o          56 091 808     1 054 334
sum excluding root built-in.o                   151 430

find -name built-in.o | xargs rm ; time make vmlinux
real                              22.772s       21.143s
user                              13.280s       13.430s
sys                                4.310s        2.750s

- Final kernel pulled in only about 6K more, which shows how
  ineffective the object file culling is.
- Build performance looks improved due to less pagecache activity.
  On IO constrained systems it could be a bigger win.
- Build size saving is significant.

Side note, the toochain understands archives, so there's some tricks,
$ ar t built-in.o          # list all files you linked with
$ size built-in.o          # and their sizes
$ objdump -d built-in.o    # disassembly (unrelocated) with filenames

Implementation by sfr, minor tweaks by npiggin.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>

Update the lexer after 4fab9160 ("kbuild: genksyms fix for typeof
handling").
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>

The tokenizer misses counting an open-parenthesis when parsing a
non-trivial typeof beginning with an open-parenthesis. This function
in include/linux/ceph/libceph.h

static type *lookup_##name(struct rb_root *root,
                           typeof(((type *)0)->keyfld) key)

When instantiated in net/ceph/mon_client.c, causes subsequent symbols
including an EXPORT_SYMBOL in that file to be lost.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>

Do you think kernel build is 100% dominated by gcc? You are wrong!
One small utility called "fixdep" consistently manages to sneak into
profile's first page (unless you have small monitor of course).

The choke point is this clever code:

	for (; m < end; m++) {
		if (*m == INT_CONF) { p = (char *) m  ; goto conf; }
		if (*m == INT_ONFI) { p = (char *) m-1; goto conf; }
		if (*m == INT_NFIG) { p = (char *) m-2; goto conf; }
		if (*m == INT_FIG_) { p = (char *) m-3; goto conf; }

4 branches per 4 characters is not fast.

Use strstr(3), so that SSE2 etc can be used.

With this patch, fixdep is so deep at the bottom, it is hard to find it.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>

Here we have another kind of deviation from the default case -
a difference between exporting functions and non-functions.
EXPORT_DATA_SYMBOL... is really different from EXPORT_SYMBOL...
on ia64, and we need to use the right one when moving exports
from *.c where C compiler has the required information to
*.S, where we need to supply it manually.

parisc64 will be another one like that.
Tested-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

unreachable code, unused macros...
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Add asm-usable variants of EXPORT_SYMBOL/EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL.  This
commit just adds the default implementation; most of the architectures
can simply add export.h to asm/Kbuild and start using <asm/export.h>
from assembler.  The rest needs to have their <asm/export.h> define
everal macros and then explicitly include <asm-generic/export.h>

One area where the things might diverge from default is the alignment;
normally it's 8 bytes on 64bit targets and 4 on 32bit ones, both for
unsigned long and for struct kernel_symbol.  Unfortunately, amd64 and
m68k are unusual - m68k aligns to 2 bytes (for both) and amd64 aligns
struct kernel_symbol to 16 bytes.  For those we'll need asm/export.h to
override the constants used by generic version - KSYM_ALIGN and KCRC_ALIGN
for kernel_symbol and unsigned long resp.  And no, __alignof__ would not
do the trick - on amd64 __alignof__ of struct kernel_symbol is 8, not 16.

More serious source of unpleasantness is treatment of function
descriptors on architectures that have those.  Things like ppc64,
parisc, ia64, etc.  need more than the address of the first insn to
call an arbitrary function.  As the result, their representation of
pointers to functions is not the typical "address of the entry point" -
it's an address of a small static structure containing all the required
information (including the entry point, of course).  Sadly, the asm-side
conventions differ in what the function name refers to - entry point or
the function descriptor.  On ppc64 we do the latter;
	bar: .quad foo
is what void (*bar)(void) = foo; turns into and the rare places where
we need to explicitly work with the label of entry point are dealt with
as DOTSYM(foo).  For our purposes it's ideal - generic macros are usable.
However, parisc would have foo and P%foo used for label of entry point
and address of the function descriptor and
	bar: .long P%foo
woudl be used instead.	ia64 goes similar to parisc in that respect,
except that there it's @fptr(foo) rather than P%foo.  Such architectures
need to define KSYM_FUNC that would turn a function name into whatever
is needed to refer to function descriptor.

What's more, on such architectures we need to know whether we are exporting
a function or an object - in assembler we have to tell that explicitly, to
decide whether we want EXPORT_SYMBOL(foo) produce e.g.
	__ksymtab_foo: .quad foo
or
	__ksymtab_foo: .quad @fptr(foo)

For that reason we introduce EXPORT_DATA_SYMBOL{,_GPL}(), to be used for
exports of data objects.  On normal architectures it's the same thing
as EXPORT_SYMBOL{,_GPL}(), but on parisc-like ones they differ and the
right one needs to be used.  Most of the exports are functions, so we
keep EXPORT_SYMBOL for those...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Collect the symbols exported by anything that goes into lib.a and
add an empty object (lib-exports.o) with explicit undefs for each
of those to obj-y.

That allows to relax the rules regarding the use of exports in
lib-* objects - right now an object with export can be in lib-*
only if we are guaranteed that there always will be users in
built-in parts of the tree, otherwise it needs to be in obj-*.
As the result, we have an unholy mix of lib- and obj- in lib/Makefile
and (especially) in arch/*/lib/Makefile.  Moreover, a change in
generic part of the kernel can lead to mysteriously missing exports
on some configs.  With this change we don't have to worry about
that anymore.

One side effect is that built-in.o now pulls everything with exports
from the corresponding lib.a (if such exists).  That's exactly what
we want for linking vmlinux and fortunately it's almost the only thing
built-in.o is used in.  arch/ia64/hp/sim/boot/bootloader is the only
exception and it's easy to get rid of now - just turn everything in
arch/ia64/lib into lib-* and don't bother with arch/ia64/lib/built-in.o
anymore.

[AV: stylistic fix from Michal folded in]
Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Pull more block fixes from Jens Axboe:
 "As mentioned in the pull the other day, a few more fixes for this
  round, all related to the bio op changes in this series.

  Two fixes, and then a cleanup, renaming bio->bi_rw to bio->bi_opf.  I
  wanted to do that change right after or right before -rc1, so that
  risk of conflict was reduced.  I just rebased the series on top of
  current master, and no new ->bi_rw usage has snuck in"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  block: rename bio bi_rw to bi_opf
  target: iblock_execute_sync_cache() should use bio_set_op_attrs()
  mm: make __swap_writepage() use bio_set_op_attrs()
  block/mm: make bdev_ops->rw_page() take a bool for read/write

Pull drm zpos property support from Dave Airlie:
 "This tree was waiting on some media stuff I hadn't had time to get a
  stable branchpoint off, so I just waited until it was all in your tree
  first.

  It's been around a bit on the list and shouldn't affect anything
  outside adding the generic API and moving some ARM drivers to using
  it"

* tag 'drm-for-v4.8-zpos' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~airlied/linux:
  drm: rcar: use generic code for managing zpos plane property
  drm/exynos: use generic code for managing zpos plane property
  drm: sti: use generic zpos for plane
  drm: add generic zpos property

Since commit 63a4cc24, bio->bi_rw contains flags in the lower
portion and the op code in the higher portions. This means that
old code that relies on manually setting bi_rw is most likely
going to be broken. Instead of letting that brokeness linger,
rename the member, to force old and out-of-tree code to break
at compile time instead of at runtime.

No intended functional changes in this commit.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

The original commit missed this function, it needs to mark it a
write flush.

Cc: Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com>
Fixes: e742fc32 ("target: use bio op accessors")
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Cleaner than manipulating bio->bi_rw flags directly.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Commit abf54548 changed it from an 'rw' flags type to the
newer ops based interface, but now we're effectively leaking
some bdev internals to the rest of the kernel. Since we only
care about whether it's a read or a write at that level, just
pass in a bool 'is_write' parameter instead.

Then we can also move op_is_write() and friends back under
CONFIG_BLOCK protection.
Reviewed-by: Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Pull documentation fixes from Jonathan Corbet:
 "Three fixes for the docs build, including removing an annoying warning
  on 'make help' if sphinx isn't present"

* tag 'doc-4.8-fixes' of git://git.lwn.net/linux:
  DocBook: use DOCBOOKS="" to ignore DocBooks instead of IGNORE_DOCBOOKS=1
  Documenation: update cgroup's document path
  Documentation/sphinx: do not warn about missing tools in 'make help'

Pull binfmt_misc update from James Bottomley:
 "This update is to allow architecture emulation containers to function
  such that the emulation binary can be housed outside the container
  itself.  The container and fs parts both have acks from relevant
  experts.

  To use the new feature you have to add an F option to your binfmt_misc
  configuration"

From the docs:
 "The usual behaviour of binfmt_misc is to spawn the binary lazily when
  the misc format file is invoked.  However, this doesn't work very well
  in the face of mount namespaces and changeroots, so the F mode opens
  the binary as soon as the emulation is installed and uses the opened
  image to spawn the emulator, meaning it is always available once
  installed, regardless of how the environment changes"

* tag 'binfmt-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/binfmt_misc:
  binfmt_misc: add F option description to documentation
  binfmt_misc: add persistent opened binary handler for containers
  fs: add filp_clone_open API

In most cases, EPERM is returned on immutable inode, and there're only a
few places returning EACCES. I noticed this when running LTP on
overlayfs, setxattr03 failed due to unexpected EACCES on immutable
inode.

So converting all EACCES to EPERM on immutable inode.
Acked-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eryu Guan <guaneryu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull more vfs updates from Al Viro:
 "Assorted cleanups and fixes.

  In the "trivial API change" department - ->d_compare() losing 'parent'
  argument"

* 'for-linus-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  cachefiles: Fix race between inactivating and culling a cache object
  9p: use clone_fid()
  9p: fix braino introduced in "9p: new helper - v9fs_parent_fid()"
  vfs: make dentry_needs_remove_privs() internal
  vfs: remove file_needs_remove_privs()
  vfs: fix deadlock in file_remove_privs() on overlayfs
  get rid of 'parent' argument of ->d_compare()
  cifs, msdos, vfat, hfs+: don't bother with parent in ->d_compare()
  affs ->d_compare(): don't bother with ->d_inode
  fold _d_rehash() and __d_rehash() together
  fold dentry_rcuwalk_invalidate() into its only remaining caller

Merge tag 'xfs-rmap-for-linus-4.8-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dgc/linux-xfs

Pull more xfs updates from Dave Chinner:
 "This is the second part of the XFS updates for this merge cycle, and
  contains the new reverse block mapping feature for XFS.

  Reverse mapping allows us to track the owner of a specific block on
  disk precisely.  It is implemented as a set of btrees (one per
  allocation group) that track the owners of allocated extents.
  Effectively it is a "used space tree" that is updated when we allocate
  or free extents.  i.e. it is coherent with the free space btrees we
  already maintain and never overlaps with them.

  This reverse mapping infrastructure is the building block of several
  upcoming features - reflink, copy-on-write data, dedupe, online
  metadata and data scrubbing, highly accurate bad sector/data loss
  reporting to users, and significantly improved reconstruction of
  damaged and corrupted filesystems.  There's a lot of new stuff coming
  along in the next couple of cycles,a nd it all builds in the rmap
  infrastructure.

  As such, it's a huge chunk of new code with new on-disk format
  features and internal infrastructure.  It warns at mount time as an
  experimental feature and that it may eat data (as we do with all new
  on-disk features until they stabilise).  We have not released
  userspace suport for it yet - userspace support currently requires
  download from Darrick's xfsprogs repo and build from source, so the
  access to this feature is really developer/tester only at this point.
  Initial userspace support will be released at the same time kernel
  with this code in it is released.

  The new rmap enabled code regresses 3 xfstests - all are ENOSPC
  related corner cases, one of which Darrick posted a fix for a few
  hours ago.  The other two are fixed by infrastructure that is part of
  the upcoming reflink patchset.  This new ENOSPC infrastructure
  requires a on-disk format tweak required to keep mount times in
  check - we need to keep an on-disk count of allocated rmapbt blocks so
  we don't have to scan the entire btrees at mount time to count them.

  This is currently being tested and will be part of the fixes sent in
  the next week or two so users will not be exposed to this change"

* tag 'xfs-rmap-for-linus-4.8-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dgc/linux-xfs: (52 commits)
  xfs: move (and rename) the deferred bmap-free tracepoints
  xfs: collapse single use static functions
  xfs: remove unnecessary parentheses from log redo item recovery functions
  xfs: remove the extents array from the rmap update done log item
  xfs: in btree_lshift, only allocate temporary cursor when needed
  xfs: remove unnecesary lshift/rshift key initialization
  xfs: remove the get*keys and update_keys btree ops pointers
  xfs: enable the rmap btree functionality
  xfs: don't update rmapbt when fixing agfl
  xfs: disable XFS_IOC_SWAPEXT when rmap btree is enabled
  xfs: add rmap btree block detection to log recovery
  xfs: add rmap btree geometry feature flag
  xfs: propagate bmap updates to rmapbt
  xfs: enable the xfs_defer mechanism to process rmaps to update
  xfs: log rmap intent items
  xfs: create rmap update intent log items
  xfs: add rmap btree insert and delete helpers
  xfs: convert unwritten status of reverse mappings
  xfs: remove an extent from the rmap btree
  xfs: add an extent to the rmap btree
  ...

Pull qstr constification updates from Al Viro:
 "Fairly self-contained bunch - surprising lot of places passes struct
  qstr * as an argument when const struct qstr * would suffice; it
  complicates analysis for no good reason.

  I'd prefer to feed that separately from the assorted fixes (those are
  in #for-linus and with somewhat trickier topology)"

* 'work.const-qstr' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  qstr: constify instances in adfs
  qstr: constify instances in lustre
  qstr: constify instances in f2fs
  qstr: constify instances in ext2
  qstr: constify instances in vfat
  qstr: constify instances in procfs
  qstr: constify instances in fuse
  qstr constify instances in fs/dcache.c
  qstr: constify instances in nfs
  qstr: constify instances in ocfs2
  qstr: constify instances in autofs4
  qstr: constify instances in hfs
  qstr: constify instances in hfsplus
  qstr: constify instances in logfs
  qstr: constify dentry_init_security

Pull mailcap fixlets from Mauro Carvalho Chehab:
 "A small fixup for my and Shuah's entries in .mailcap.

  Basically, those entries were with a syntax that makes
  get_maintainer.pl to do the wrong thing"

* tag 'media/v4.8-6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/linux-media:
  .mailmap: Correct entries for Mauro Carvalho Chehab and Shuah Khan

Pull virtio/vhost updates from Michael Tsirkin:

 - new vsock device support in host and guest

 - platform IOMMU support in host and guest, including compatibility
   quirks for legacy systems.

 - misc fixes and cleanups.

* tag 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mst/vhost:
  VSOCK: Use kvfree()
  vhost: split out vringh Kconfig
  vhost: detect 32 bit integer wrap around
  vhost: new device IOTLB API
  vhost: drop vringh dependency
  vhost: convert pre sorted vhost memory array to interval tree
  vhost: introduce vhost memory accessors
  VSOCK: Add Makefile and Kconfig
  VSOCK: Introduce vhost_vsock.ko
  VSOCK: Introduce virtio_transport.ko
  VSOCK: Introduce virtio_vsock_common.ko
  VSOCK: defer sock removal to transports
  VSOCK: transport-specific vsock_transport functions
  vhost: drop vringh dependency
  vop: pull in vhost Kconfig
  virtio: new feature to detect IOMMU device quirk
  balloon: check the number of available pages in leak balloon
  vhost: lockless enqueuing
  vhost: simplify work flushing

Pull more KVM updates from Paolo Bonzini:
 - ARM bugfix and MSI injection support
 - x86 nested virt tweak and OOPS fix
 - Simplify pvclock code (vdso bits acked by Andy Lutomirski).

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm:
  nvmx: mark ept single context invalidation as supported
  nvmx: remove comment about missing nested vpid support
  KVM: lapic: fix access preemption timer stuff even if kernel_irqchip=off
  KVM: documentation: fix KVM_CAP_X2APIC_API information
  x86: vdso: use __pvclock_read_cycles
  pvclock: introduce seqcount-like API
  arm64: KVM: Set cpsr before spsr on fault injection
  KVM: arm: vgic-irqfd: Workaround changing kvm_set_routing_entry prototype
  KVM: arm/arm64: Enable MSI routing
  KVM: arm/arm64: Enable irqchip routing
  KVM: Move kvm_setup_default/empty_irq_routing declaration in arch specific header
  KVM: irqchip: Convey devid to kvm_set_msi
  KVM: Add devid in kvm_kernel_irq_routing_entry
  KVM: api: Pass the devid in the msi routing entry

Pull MIPS updates from Ralf Baechle:
 "This is the main pull request for MIPS for 4.8.  Also includes is a
  minor SSB cleanup as SSB code traditionally is merged through the MIPS
  tree:

  ATH25:
    - MIPS: Add default configuration for ath25

  Boot:
    - For zboot, copy appended dtb to the end of the kernel
    - store the appended dtb address in a variable

  BPF:
    - Fix off by one error in offset allocation

  Cobalt code:
    - Fix typos

  Core code:
    - debugfs_create_file returns NULL on error, so don't use IS_ERR for
      testing for errors.
    - Fix double locking issue in RM7000 S-cache code.  This would only
      affect RM7000 ARC systems on reboot.
    - Fix page table corruption on THP permission changes.
    - Use compat_sys_keyctl for 32 bit userspace on 64 bit kernels.
      David says, there are no compatibility issues raised by this fix.
    - Move some signal code around.
    - Rewrite r4k count/compare clockevent device registration such that
      min_delta_ticks/max_delta_ticks files are guaranteed to be
      initialized.
    - Only register r4k count/compare as clockevent device if we can
      assume the clock to be constant.
    - Fix MSA asm warnings in control reg accessors
    - uasm and tlbex fixes and tweaking.
    - Print segment physical address when EU=1.
    - Define AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH for ARCH_DLINFO.
    - CP: Allow booting by VP other than VP 0
    - Cache handling fixes and optimizations for r4k class caches
    - Add hotplug support for R6 processors
    - Cleanup hotplug bits in kconfig
    - traps: return correct si code for accessing nonmapped addresses
    - Remove cpu_has_safe_index_cacheops

  Lantiq:
    - Register IRQ handler for virtual IRQ number
    - Fix EIU interrupt loading code
    - Use the real EXIN count
    - Fix build error.

  Loongson 3:
    - Increase HPET_MIN_PROG_DELTA and decrease HPET_MIN_CYCLES

  Octeon:
    - Delete built-in DTB pruning code for D-Link DSR-1000N.
    - Clean up GPIO definitions in dlink_dsr-1000n.dts.
    - Add more LEDs to the DSR-100n DTS
    - Fix off by one in octeon_irq_gpio_map()
    - Typo fixes
    - Enable SATA by default in cavium_octeon_defconfig
    - Support readq/writeq()
    - Remove forced mappings of USB interrupts.
    - Ensure DMA descriptors are always in the low 4GB
    - Improve USB reset code for OCTEON II.

  Pistachio:
    - Add maintainers entry for pistachio SoC Support
    - Remove plat_setup_iocoherency

  Ralink:
    - Fix pwm UART in spis group pinmux.

  SSB:
    - Change bare unsigned to unsigned int to suit coding style

  Tools:
    - Fix reloc tool compiler warnings.

  Other:
    - Delete use of ARCH_WANT_OPTIONAL_GPIOLIB"

* 'upstream' of git://git.linux-mips.org/pub/scm/ralf/upstream-linus: (61 commits)
  MIPS: mm: Fix definition of R6 cache instruction
  MIPS: tools: Fix relocs tool compiler warnings
  MIPS: Cobalt: Fix typo
  MIPS: Octeon: Fix typo
  MIPS: Lantiq: Fix build failure
  MIPS: Use CPHYSADDR to implement mips32 __pa
  MIPS: Octeon: Dlink_dsr-1000n.dts: add more leds.
  MIPS: Octeon: Clean up GPIO definitions in dlink_dsr-1000n.dts.
  MIPS: Octeon: Delete built-in DTB pruning code for D-Link DSR-1000N.
  MIPS: store the appended dtb address in a variable
  MIPS: ZBOOT: copy appended dtb to the end of the kernel
  MIPS: ralink: fix spis group pinmux
  MIPS: Factor o32 specific code into signal_o32.c
  MIPS: non-exec stack & heap when non-exec PT_GNU_STACK is present
  MIPS: Use per-mm page to execute branch delay slot instructions
  MIPS: Modify error handling
  MIPS: c-r4k: Use SMP calls for CM indexed cache ops
  MIPS: c-r4k: Avoid small flush_icache_range SMP calls
  MIPS: c-r4k: Local flush_icache_range cache op override
  MIPS: c-r4k: Split r4k_flush_kernel_vmap_range()
  ...

Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Mostly tooling fixes and some late tooling updates, plus two perf
  related printk message fixes"

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  perf tests bpf: Use SyS_epoll_wait alias
  perf tests: objdump output can contain multi byte chunks
  perf record: Add --sample-cpu option
  perf hists: Introduce output_resort_cb method
  perf tools: Move config/Makefile into Makefile.config
  perf tests: Add test for bitmap_scnprintf function
  tools lib: Add bitmap_and function
  tools lib: Add bitmap_scnprintf function
  tools lib: Add bitmap_alloc function
  tools lib traceevent: Ignore generated library files
  perf tools: Fix build failure on perl script context
  perf/core: Change log level for duration warning to KERN_INFO
  perf annotate: Plug filename string leak
  perf annotate: Introduce strerror for handling symbol__disassemble() errors
  perf annotate: Rename symbol__annotate() to symbol__disassemble()
  perf/x86: Modify error message in virtualized environment
  perf target: str_error_r() always returns the buffer it receives
  perf annotate: Use pipe + fork instead of popen
  perf evsel: Introduce constructor for cycles event

Pull x86 fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "Two fixes and a cleanup-fix, to the syscall entry code and to ptrace"

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/syscalls/64: Add compat_sys_keyctl for 32-bit userspace
  x86/ptrace: Stop setting TS_COMPAT in ptrace code
  x86/vdso: Error out if the vDSO isn't a valid DSO

Pull arch/sh updates from Rich Felker:
 "These changes improve device tree support (including builtin DTB), add
  support for the J-Core J2 processor, an open source synthesizable
  reimplementation of the SH-2 ISA, resolve a longstanding sigcontext
  ABI mismatch issue, and fix various bugs including nommu-specific
  issues and minor regressions introduced in 4.6.

  The J-Core arch support is included here but to be usable it needs
  drivers that are waiting on approval/inclusion from their subsystem
  maintainers"

* tag 'sh-for-4.8' of git://git.libc.org/linux-sh: (23 commits)
  sh: add device tree source for J2 FPGA on Mimas v2 board
  sh: add defconfig for J-Core J2
  sh: use common clock framework with device tree boards
  sh: system call wire up
  sh: Delete unnecessary checks before the function call "mempool_destroy"
  sh: do not perform IPI-based cache flush except on boards that need it
  sh: add SMP support for J2
  sh: SMP support for SH2 entry.S
  sh: add working futex atomic ops on userspace addresses for smp
  sh: add J2 atomics using the cas.l instruction
  sh: add AT_HWCAP flag for J-Core cas.l instruction
  sh: add support for J-Core J2 processor
  sh: fix build regression with CONFIG_OF && !CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
  sh: allow clocksource drivers to register sched_clock backends
  sh: make heartbeat driver explicitly non-modular
  sh: make board-secureedge5410 explicitly non-modular
  sh: make mm/asids-debugfs explicitly non-modular
  sh: make time.c explicitly non-modular
  sh: fix futex/robust_list on nommu models
  sh: disable aliased page logic on NOMMU models
  ...

Pull arm64 fixes from Will Deacon:

 - fix HugeTLB leak due to CoW and PTE_RDONLY mismatch

 - avoid accessing unmapped FDT fields when checking validity

 - correctly account for vDSO AUX entry in ARCH_DLINFO

 - fix kallsyms with absolute expressions in linker script

 - kill unnecessary symbol-based relocs in vmlinux

* tag 'arm64-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux:
  arm64: Fix copy-on-write referencing in HugeTLB
  arm64: mm: avoid fdt_check_header() before the FDT is fully mapped
  arm64: Define AT_VECTOR_SIZE_ARCH for ARCH_DLINFO
  arm64: relocatable: suppress R_AARCH64_ABS64 relocations in vmlinux
  arm64: vmlinux.lds: make __rela_offset and __dynsym_offset ABSOLUTE

Merge tag 'pwm/for-4.8-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/thierry.reding/linux-pwm

Pull pwm updates from Thierry Reding:
 "This set of changes improve some aspects of the atomic API as well as
  make use of this new API in the regulator framework to allow properly
  dealing with critical regulators controlled by a PWM.

  Aside from that there's a bunch of updates and cleanups for existing
  drivers, as well as the addition of new drivers for the Broadcom
  iProc, STMPE and ChromeOS EC controllers"

* tag 'pwm/for-4.8-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/thierry.reding/linux-pwm: (44 commits)
  regulator: pwm: Document pwm-dutycycle-unit and pwm-dutycycle-range
  regulator: pwm: Support extra continuous mode cases
  pwm: Add ChromeOS EC PWM driver
  dt-bindings: pwm: Add binding for ChromeOS EC PWM
  mfd: cros_ec: Add EC_PWM function definitions
  mfd: cros_ec: Add cros_ec_cmd_xfer_status() helper
  pwm: atmel: Use of_device_get_match_data()
  pwm: atmel: Fix checkpatch warnings
  pwm: atmel: Fix disabling of PWM channels
  dt-bindings: pwm: Add R-Car H3 device tree bindings
  pwm: rcar: Use ARCH_RENESAS
  pwm: tegra: Add support for Tegra186
  dt-bindings: pwm: tegra: Add compatible string for Tegra186
  pwm: tegra: Avoid overflow when calculating duty cycle
  pwm: tegra: Allow 100 % duty cycle
  pwm: tegra: Add support for reset control
  pwm: tegra: Rename mmio_base to regs
  pwm: tegra: Remove useless padding
  pwm: tegra: Drop NUM_PWM macro
  pwm: lpc32xx: Set PWM_PIN_LEVEL bit to default value
  ...

Pull NTB updates from Jon Mason:
 "NTB bug fixes for the ntb_tool and ntb_perf, and improvements to the
  ntb_perf and ntb_pingpong for increased debugability.

  Also, modification to the ntb_transport layer to increase/decrease
  the number of transport entries depending on the ring size"

* tag 'ntb-4.8' of git://github.com/jonmason/ntb:
  NTB: ntb_hw_intel: use local variable pdev
  NTB: ntb_hw_intel: show BAR size in debugfs info
  ntb_test: Add a selftest script for the NTB subsystem
  ntb_perf: clear link_is_up flag when the link goes down.
  ntb_pingpong: Add a debugfs file to get the ping count
  ntb_tool: Add link status and files to debugfs
  ntb_tool: Postpone memory window initialization for the user
  ntb_perf: Wait for link before running test
  ntb_perf: Return results by reading the run file
  ntb_perf: Improve thread handling to increase robustness
  ntb_perf: Schedule based on time not on performance
  ntb_transport: Check the number of spads the hardware supports
  ntb_tool: Add memory window debug support
  ntb_perf: Allow limiting the size of the memory windows
  NTB: allocate number transport entries depending on size of ring size
  ntb_tool: BUG: Ensure the buffer size is large enough to return all spads
  ntb_tool: Fix infinite loop bug when writing spad/peer_spad file

Pull pstore fixes from Kees Cook:
 "Fixes for pstore ramoops driver to catch bad kfree() and to use better
  DT bindings"

* tag 'pstore-v4.8-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
  ramoops: use persistent_ram_free() instead of kfree() for freeing prz
  ramoops: use DT reserved-memory bindings