During garbage collection (GC), DAT file, which converts virtual block
number to real block number, may return disk block number that is not
yet written to the device.

To avoid access to unwritten blocks, the current implementation stores
changes to the caches of GCDAT during GC and atomically commit the
changes into the DAT file after they are written to the device.

This patch, instead, adds a function that makes a copy of specified
buffer and stores it in nilfs_shadow_map, and a function to get the
backup copy as needed (nilfs_mdt_freeze_buffer and
nilfs_mdt_get_frozen_buffer respectively).

Before DAT changes block number in an entry block, it makes a copy and
redirect access to the buffer so that address conversion function
(i.e. nilfs_dat_translate) refers to the old address saved in the
copy.

This patch gives requisites for such redirection.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This adds optional function to metadata files which makes a copy of
bmap, page caches, and b-tree node cache, and rolls back to the copy
as needed.

This enhancement is intended to displace gcdat inode that provides a
similar function in a different way.

In this patch, nilfs_shadow_map structure is added to store a copy of
the foregoing states.  nilfs_mdt_setup_shadow_map relates this
structure to a metadata file.  And, nilfs_mdt_save_to_shadow_map() and
nilfs_mdt_restore_from_shadow_map() provides save and restore
functions respectively.  Finally, nilfs_mdt_clear_shadow_map() clears
states of nilfs_shadow_map.

The copy of b-tree node cache and page cache is made by duplicating
only dirty pages into corresponding caches in nilfs_shadow_map.  Their
restoration is done by clearing dirty pages from original caches and
by copying dirty pages back from nilfs_shadow_map.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This adds routines to save and restore the state of bmap structure.
The bmap state is stored in a given nilfs_bmap_store object.

These routines will be used to roll back the state of dat inode
without using gcdat inode.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

GC-inode now doesn't need the nilfs_mdt_info structure and there is no
reason that it is a sort of metadata files.

This stops the allocation and makes them not dependent on metadata
file routines.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

Allows clear inode function (nilfs_clear_inode) to handle metadata
files that uses bitmap-based object alloctor.  DAT and ifile
correspond to this.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This flag is a fake used to distinguish type of super block instance.
And, it got obsolete by the unification of sb.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This stops pre-allocating nilfs object in nilfs_get_sb routine, and
stops managing its life cycle by reference counting.

nilfs_find_or_create_nilfs() function, nilfs->ns_mount_mutex,
nilfs_objects list, and the reference counter will be removed through
the simplification.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This stops allocating multiple super block instances for a device.

All snapshots and a current mode mount (i.e. latest tree) will be
controlled with nilfs_root objects that are kept within an sb
instance.

nilfs_get_sb() is rewritten so that it always has a root object for
the latest tree and snapshots make additional root objects.

The root dentry of the latest tree is binded to sb->s_root even if it
isn't attached on a directory.  Root dentries of snapshots or the
latest tree are binded to mnt->mnt_root on which they are mounted.

With this patch, nilfs_find_sbinfo() function, nilfs->ns_supers list,
and nilfs->ns_current back pointer, are deleted.  In addition,
init_nilfs() and load_nilfs() are simplified since they will be called
once for a device, not repeatedly called for mount points.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This splits the code to attach snapshots into a separate routine for
convenience sake.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This splits the code to allocate root dentry into a separate routine
for convenience in successive changes.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

Snapshots of nilfs are read-only.

After super block instances (sb) will be unified, nilfs will need to
check write access by a way other than implicit test with
IS_RDONLY(inode).  This is because IS_RDONLY() refers to MS_RDONLY bit
of inode->i_sb->s_flags and it will become inaccurate after the
unification of sb.

To prepare for the issue, this uses i_op->permission to deny write
access to inodes in snapshots.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This rewrites nilfs_checkpoint_is_mounted() function so that it
decides whether a checkpoint is mounted by whether the corresponding
root object is found in checkpoint tree.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This moves sbi->s_inodes_count and sbi->s_blocks_count into nilfs_root
object.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This rewrites functions using ifile so that they get ifile from
nilfs_root object, and will remove sbi->s_ifile.  Some functions that
don't know the root object are extended to receive it from caller.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

The previous export operations cannot handle multiple versions of
a filesystem if they belong to the same sb instance.

This adds a new type of file handle and extends export operations so
that they can get the inode specified by a checkpoint number as well
as an inode number and a generation number.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This puts a pointer to nilfs_root object in the private part of
on-memory inode, and makes nilfs_iget function pick up the inode with
the same root object.

Non-root inodes inherit its nilfs_root object from parent inode.  That
of the root inode is allocated through nilfs_attach_checkpoint()
function.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

To hold multiple versions of a filesystem in one sb instance, a new
on-memory structure is necessary to handle one or more checkpoints.

This adds a red-black tree of checkpoints to nilfs object, and adds
lookup and create functions for them.

Each checkpoint is represented by "nilfs_root" structure, and this
structure has rb_node to configure the rb-tree.

The nilfs_root object is identified with a checkpoint number.  For
each snapshot, a nilfs_root object is allocated and the checkpoint
number of snapshot is assigned to it.  For a regular mount
(i.e. current mode mount), NILFS_CPTREE_CURRENT_CNO constant is
assigned to the corresponding nilfs_root object.

Each nilfs_root object has an ifile inode and some counters.  These
items will displace those of nilfs_sb_info structure in successive
patches.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This uses inode hash function that vfs provides instead of the own
hash table for caching gc inodes.  This finally removes the own inode
hash from nilfs.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This separates a part of initialization code of metadata file inode,
and makes it available from the nilfs iget function that a later patch
will add to.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This uses iget5_locked instead of iget_locked so that gc cache can
look up inodes with an inode number and an optional checkpoint number.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

On-memory inode structures of nilfs have a member "i_cno" which stores
a checkpoint number related to the inode.  For gc-inodes, this field
indicates version of data each gc-inode caches for GC.  Log writer
temporarily uses "i_cno" to transfer the latest checkpoint number.

This stops the latter use and lets only gc-inodes use it.

The purpose of this patch is to allow the successive change use
"i_cno" for inode lookup.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

This allows sop->dirty_inode callback function (nilfs_dirty_inode) to
handle metadata file inodes.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

The current nilfs_destroy_inode() doesn't handle metadata file inodes
including gc inodes (dummy inodes used for garbage collection).

This allows nilfs_destroy_inode() to destroy inodes of metadata files.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

Compatibility of nilfs partitions is now managed with three feature
sets.  This changes old compatibility check with revision number so
that it can accept future revisions.

Note that we can stop support of experimental versions of nilfs that
doesn't know the feature sets by incrementing NILFS_CURRENT_REV.  We
don't have to do it soon, but it would be a possible option whenever
the need arises.
Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>

* 'urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brodo/pcmcia-2.6:
  pcmcia: fix ni_daq_700 compilation
  pcmcia: IOCARD is also required for using IRQs

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/asm-generic:
  asm-generic/io.h: allow people to override individual funcs
  bitops: remove duplicated extern declarations
  bitops: make asm-generic/bitops/find.h more generic
  asm-generic: kdebug.h: Checkpatch cleanup
  asm-generic: fcntl: make exported headers use strict posix types
  asm-generic: cmpxchg does not handle non-long arguments
  asm-generic: make atomic_add_unless a function

* 'llseek' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl:
  vfs: make no_llseek the default
  vfs: don't use BKL in default_llseek
  llseek: automatically add .llseek fop
  libfs: use generic_file_llseek for simple_attr
  mac80211: disallow seeks in minstrel debug code
  lirc: make chardev nonseekable
  viotape: use noop_llseek
  raw: use explicit llseek file operations
  ibmasmfs: use generic_file_llseek
  spufs: use llseek in all file operations
  arm/omap: use generic_file_llseek in iommu_debug
  lkdtm: use generic_file_llseek in debugfs
  net/wireless: use generic_file_llseek in debugfs
  drm: use noop_llseek

* 'vfs' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl: (30 commits)
  BKL: remove BKL from freevxfs
  BKL: remove BKL from qnx4
  autofs4: Only declare function when CONFIG_COMPAT is defined
  autofs: Only declare function when CONFIG_COMPAT is defined
  ncpfs: Lock socket in ncpfs while setting its callbacks
  fs/locks.c: prepare for BKL removal
  BKL: Remove BKL from ncpfs
  BKL: Remove BKL from OCFS2
  BKL: Remove BKL from squashfs
  BKL: Remove BKL from jffs2
  BKL: Remove BKL from ecryptfs
  BKL: Remove BKL from afs
  BKL: Remove BKL from USB gadgetfs
  BKL: Remove BKL from autofs4
  BKL: Remove BKL from isofs
  BKL: Remove BKL from fat
  BKL: Remove BKL from ext2 filesystem
  BKL: Remove BKL from do_new_mount()
  BKL: Remove BKL from cgroup
  BKL: Remove BKL from NTFS
  ...

* 'trivial' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl:
  block: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
  drivers: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
  ipmi: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
  mac: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
  mtd: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex
  scsi: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex

Fix up trivial conflicts (due to addition of private mutex right next to
deletion of a version string) in drivers/char/pcmcia/cm40[04]0_cs.c

* 'config' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl:
  BKL: introduce CONFIG_BKL.
  dabusb: remove the BKL
  sunrpc: remove the big kernel lock
  init/main.c: remove BKL notations
  blktrace: remove the big kernel lock
  rtmutex-tester: make it build without BKL
  dvb-core: kill the big kernel lock
  dvb/bt8xx: kill the big kernel lock
  tlclk: remove big kernel lock
  fix rawctl compat ioctls breakage on amd64 and itanic
  uml: kill big kernel lock
  parisc: remove big kernel lock
  cris: autoconvert trivial BKL users
  alpha: kill big kernel lock
  isapnp: BKL removal
  s390/block: kill the big kernel lock
  hpet: kill BKL, add compat_ioctl

Reported-by: Anca Emanuel <anca.emanuel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>

* 'x86-irq-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  x86, 32-bit: Align percpu area and irq stacks to THREAD_SIZE
  x86: Move alloc_desk_mask variables inside ifdef
  x86-32: Align IRQ stacks properly
  x86: Remove CONFIG_4KSTACKS
  x86: Always use irq stacks

Fixed up trivial conflicts in include/linux/{irq.h, percpu-defs.h}

Merge branch 'x86-timers-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'x86-timers-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  x86: Hpet: Avoid the comparator readback penalty

Fortunately this is only exploitable on very unusual hardware.

[Reported a while ago but nothing happened so just fixing it]
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Dave Hinds pointed out to me that 37979e15 will break b43 and
ray_cs, as IOCARD is not -- as the name would suggest -- only needed
for cards using IO ports. Instead, as it re-deines several pins, it
is also required for using interrupts.
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>

* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/benh/powerpc: (71 commits)
  powerpc/44x: Update ppc44x_defconfig
  powerpc/watchdog: Make default timeout for Book-E watchdog a Kconfig option
  fsl_rio: Add comments for sRIO registers.
  powerpc/fsl-booke: Add e55xx (64-bit) smp defconfig
  powerpc/fsl-booke: Add p5020 DS board support
  powerpc/fsl-booke64: Use TLB CAMs to cover linear mapping on FSL 64-bit chips
  powerpc/fsl-booke: Add support for FSL Arch v1.0 MMU in setup_page_sizes
  powerpc/fsl-booke: Add support for FSL 64-bit e5500 core
  powerpc/85xx: add cache-sram support
  powerpc/85xx: add ngPIXIS FPGA device tree node to the P1022DS board
  powerpc: Fix compile error with paca code on ppc64e
  powerpc/fsl-booke: Add p3041 DS board support
  oprofile/fsl emb: Don't set MSR[PMM] until after clearing the interrupt.
  powerpc/fsl-booke: Add PCI device ids for P2040/P3041/P5010/P5020 QoirQ chips
  powerpc/mpc8xxx_gpio: Add support for 'qoriq-gpio' controllers
  powerpc/fsl_booke: Add support to boot from core other than 0
  powerpc/p1022: Add probing for individual DMA channels
  powerpc/fsl_soc: Search all global-utilities nodes for rstccr
  powerpc: Fix invalid page flags in create TLB CAM path for PTE_64BIT
  powerpc/mpc83xx: Support for MPC8308 P1M board
  ...

Fix up conflict with the generic irq_work changes in arch/powerpc/kernel/time.c

* 'upstream-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jgarzik/libata-dev: (26 commits)
  include/linux/libata.h: fix typo
  pata_bf54x: fix return type of bfin_set_devctl
  Drivers: ata: Makefile: replace the use of <module>-objs with <module>-y
  libahci: fix result_tf handling after an ATA PIO data-in command
  pata_sl82c105: implement sff_irq_check() method
  pata_sil680: implement sff_irq_check() method
  pata_pdc202xx_old: implement sff_irq_check() method
  pata_cmd640: implement sff_irq_check() method
  ata_piix: Add device ID for ICH4-L
  pata_sil680: make sil680_sff_exec_command() 'static'
  ata: Intel IDE-R support
  libata: reorder ata_queued_cmd to remove alignment padding on 64 bit builds
  libata: Signal that our SATL supports WRITE SAME(16) with UNMAP
  ata_piix: remove SIDPR locking
  libata: implement cross-port EH exclusion
  libata: add @ap to ata_wait_register() and introduce ata_msleep()
  ata_piix: implement LPM support
  libata: implement LPM support for port multipliers
  libata: reimplement link power management
  libata: implement sata_link_scr_lpm() and make ata_dev_set_feature() global
  ...

* 'upstream-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jlbec/ocfs2: (48 commits)
  ocfs2: Avoid to evaluate xattr block flags again.
  ocfs2/cluster: Release debugfs file elapsed_time_in_ms
  ocfs2: Add a mount option "coherency=*" to handle cluster coherency for O_DIRECT writes.
  Initialize max_slots early
  When I tried to compile I got the following warning: fs/ocfs2/slot_map.c: In function ‘ocfs2_init_slot_info’: fs/ocfs2/slot_map.c:360: warning: ‘bytes’ may be used uninitialized in this function fs/ocfs2/slot_map.c:360: note: ‘bytes’ was declared here Compiler: gcc version 4.4.3 (GCC) on Mandriva I'm not sure why this warning occurs, I think compiler don't know that variable "bytes" is initialized when it is sent by reference to ocfs2_slot_map_physical_size and it throws that ugly warning. However, a simple initialization of "bytes" variable with 0 will fix it.
  ocfs2: validate bg_free_bits_count after update
  ocfs2/cluster: Bump up dlm protocol to version 1.1
  ocfs2/cluster: Show per region heartbeat elapsed time
  ocfs2/cluster: Add mlogs for heartbeat up/down events
  ocfs2/cluster: Create debugfs dir/files for each region
  ocfs2/cluster: Create debugfs files for live, quorum and failed region bitmaps
  ocfs2/cluster: Maintain bitmap of failed regions
  ocfs2/cluster: Maintain bitmap of quorum regions
  ocfs2/cluster: Track bitmap of live heartbeat regions
  ocfs2/cluster: Track number of global heartbeat regions
  ocfs2/cluster: Maintain live node bitmap per heartbeat region
  ocfs2/cluster: Reorganize o2hb debugfs init
  ocfs2/cluster: Check slots for unconfigured live nodes
  ocfs2/cluster: Print messages when adding/removing nodes
  ocfs2/cluster: Print messages when adding/removing heartbeat regions
  ...

Merge branch 'core-memblock-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'core-memblock-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (74 commits)
  x86-64: Only set max_pfn_mapped to 512 MiB if we enter via head_64.S
  xen: Cope with unmapped pages when initializing kernel pagetable
  memblock, bootmem: Round pfn properly for memory and reserved regions
  memblock: Annotate memblock functions with __init_memblock
  memblock: Allow memblock_init to be called early
  memblock/arm: Fix memblock_region_is_memory() typo
  x86, memblock: Remove __memblock_x86_find_in_range_size()
  memblock: Fix wraparound in find_region()
  x86-32, memblock: Make add_highpages honor early reserved ranges
  x86, memblock: Fix crashkernel allocation
  arm, memblock: Fix the sparsemem build
  memblock: Fix section mismatch warnings
  powerpc, memblock: Fix memblock API change fallout
  memblock, microblaze: Fix memblock API change fallout
  x86: Remove old bootmem code
  x86, memblock: Use memblock_memory_size()/memblock_free_memory_size() to get correct dma_reserve
  x86: Remove not used early_res code
  x86, memblock: Replace e820_/_early string with memblock_
  x86: Use memblock to replace early_res
  x86, memblock: Use memblock_debug to control debug message print out
  ...

Fix up trivial conflicts in arch/x86/kernel/setup.c and kernel/Makefile

Signed-off-by: Andrea Gelmini <andrea.gelmini@gelma.net>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>