value and NO_ZERO_DATE

The problem was that a older version of the error path for a
failed admin statement relied upon a few error conditions being
met in order to access a table handler, the first one being that
the table object pointer was not NULL. Probably due to chance,
in all cases a table object was closed but the reference wasn't
reset, the other conditions didn't evaluate to true. With the
addition of a new check on the error path, the handler started
being dereferenced whenever it was not reset to NULL, causing
problems for code paths which closed the table but didn't reset
the reference.

The solution is to reset the reference whenever a admin statement
fails and the tables are closed.

mysql-test/r/partition_innodb.result:
  Add test case result for Bug#54783
mysql-test/t/partition_innodb.test:
  Add test case for Bug#54783
sql/sql_table.cc:
  In case table recreate failed, set a appropriate result code.
  Reset reference to a closed table object, otherwise the error
  path might attempt to access it.