Split the code to subroutines.

btr_copy_blob_prefix(): New function: copy the prefix of the externally
stored part of an uncompressed BLOB.

btr_copy_zblob_prefix(): New function: copy the prefix of the externally
stored part of a compressed BLOB.

btr_blob_get_part_len(), btr_blob_get_next_page_no(): Add const qualifier
to the parameter.