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Kirill Smelkov
mariadb
Commits
f377426b
Commit
f377426b
authored
Apr 20, 2002
by
paul@teton.kitebird.com
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manual.texi Starting to capitalize SQL keywords in examples.
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Docs/manual.texi
View file @
f377426b
...
...
@@ -368,25 +368,8 @@ your own database, table, and column names, perhaps like this:
mysql> SELECT author_name FROM biblio_db.author_list;
@end example
SQL statements may be written in uppercase or lowercase. When this manual
shows a SQL statement, uppercase is used for particular keywords if those
keywords are under discussion (to emphasize them) and lowercase is used for
the rest of the statement. For example, you might see the following in a
discussion of the @code{SELECT} statement:
@example
mysql> SELECT count(*) FROM tbl_name;
@end example
On the other hand, in a discussion of the @code{COUNT()} function, the
same statement would be written like this:
@example
mysql> select COUNT(*) from tbl_name;
@end example
If no particular emphasis is intended, all keywords are written uniformly
in uppercase.
Keywords in SQL statements may be written in uppercase or lowercase. This
manual uses uppercase.
In syntax descriptions, square brackets (@samp{[} and @samp{]}) are used
to indicate optional words or clauses:
...
...
@@ -903,9 +886,9 @@ doesn't have any problems with dates until the year 2030:
mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS y2k;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE y2k (date
date
,
-> date_time
datetime
,
-> time_stamp
timestamp
);
mysql> CREATE TABLE y2k (date
DATE
,
-> date_time
DATETIME
,
-> time_stamp
TIMESTAMP
);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO y2k VALUES
...
...
@@ -20198,7 +20181,7 @@ mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR root@@localhost;
Shows a @code{CREATE TABLE} statement that will create the given table:
@example
mysql>
show create table
t\G
mysql>
SHOW CREATE TABLE
t\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t
Create Table: CREATE TABLE t (
...
...
@@ -21479,7 +21462,7 @@ You can check which table types are supported by doing the following
query:
@example
mysql>
show variables like
"have_%";
mysql>
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE
"have_%";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
...
...
@@ -21940,7 +21923,7 @@ use (\u) Use another database.
Takes database name as argument.
@end example
From the above, pager only works
in Unix.
The @code{pager} command works only
in Unix.
@cindex status command
The @code{status} command gives you some information about the
...
...
@@ -21989,7 +21972,7 @@ includes new lines, is often much easier to be read with vertical
output.
@example
mysql>
select * from mails where length(txt) < 300 limit
300,1\G
mysql>
SELECT * FROM mails WHERE LENGTH(txt) < 300 lIMIT
300,1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
msg_nro: 3068
date: 2000-03-01 23:29:50
...
...
@@ -24884,7 +24867,7 @@ If your problem is with some explicit MySQL function, you can
always time this in the MySQL client:
@example
mysql>
select benchmark
(1000000,1+1);
mysql>
SELECT BENCHMARK
(1000000,1+1);
+------------------------+
| benchmark(1000000,1+1) |
+------------------------+
...
...
@@ -26149,7 +26132,7 @@ once in a while.
This can be done with the following code:
@example
mysql> LOCK TABLES real_table WRITE, insert_table WRITE;
mysql>
insert into real_table select * from
insert_table;
mysql>
INSERT INTO real_table SELECT * FROM
insert_table;
mysql> TRUNCATE TABLE insert_table;
mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;
@end example
...
...
@@ -26511,8 +26494,8 @@ to @code{LIKE} is a constant string that doesn't start with a wild-card
character. For example, the following @code{SELECT} statements use indexes:
@example
mysql>
select * from tbl_name where
key_col LIKE "Patrick%";
mysql>
select * from tbl_name where
key_col LIKE "Pat%_ck%";
mysql>
SELECT * FROM tbl_name WHERE
key_col LIKE "Patrick%";
mysql>
SELECT * FROM tbl_name WHERE
key_col LIKE "Pat%_ck%";
@end example
In the first statement, only rows with @code{"Patrick" <= key_col <
...
...
@@ -26521,8 +26504,8 @@ In the first statement, only rows with @code{"Patrick" <= key_col <
The following @code{SELECT} statements will not use indexes:
@example
mysql>
select * from tbl_name where
key_col LIKE "%Patrick%";
mysql>
select * from tbl_name where
key_col LIKE other_col;
mysql>
SELECT * FROM tbl_name WHERE
key_col LIKE "%Patrick%";
mysql>
SELECT * FROM tbl_name WHERE
key_col LIKE other_col;
@end example
In the first statement, the @code{LIKE} value begins with a wild-card
...
...
@@ -28000,7 +27983,7 @@ Note that if the identifier is a restricted word or contains special characters
you must always quote it with @code{`} when you use it:
@example
mysql> SELECT *
from `select` where
`select`.id > 100;
mysql> SELECT *
FROM `select` WHERE
`select`.id > 100;
@end example
In previous versions of MySQL, the name rules are as follows:
...
...
@@ -28181,10 +28164,10 @@ to end of line} and @code{/* in-line or multiple-line */} comment
styles:
@example
mysql>
select
1+1; # This comment continues to the end of line
mysql>
select
1+1; -- This comment continues to the end of line
mysql>
select
1 /* this is an in-line comment */ + 1;
mysql>
select
1+
mysql>
SELECT
1+1; # This comment continues to the end of line
mysql>
SELECT
1+1; -- This comment continues to the end of line
mysql>
SELECT
1 /* this is an in-line comment */ + 1;
mysql>
SELECT
1+
/*
this is a
multiple-line comment
...
...
@@ -29518,8 +29501,8 @@ column are used when sorting. The default value of @code{max_sort_length} is
@code{TEXT} values by specifying the column position or by using an alias:
@example
mysql> SELECT id,
substring
(blob_col,1,100) FROM tbl_name GROUP BY 2;
mysql> SELECT id,
substring
(blob_col,1,100) AS b FROM tbl_name GROUP BY b;
mysql> SELECT id,
SUBSTRING
(blob_col,1,100) FROM tbl_name GROUP BY 2;
mysql> SELECT id,
SUBSTRING
(blob_col,1,100) AS b FROM tbl_name GROUP BY b;
@end example
@item
...
...
@@ -30035,15 +30018,15 @@ mysql> SELECT 0 = 'x6';
@item =
Equal:
@example
mysql>
select
1 = 0;
mysql>
SELECT
1 = 0;
-> 0
mysql>
select
'0' = 0;
mysql>
SELECT
'0' = 0;
-> 1
mysql>
select
'0.0' = 0;
mysql>
SELECT
'0.0' = 0;
-> 1
mysql>
select
'0.01' = 0;
mysql>
SELECT
'0.01' = 0;
-> 0
mysql>
select
'.01' = 0.01;
mysql>
SELECT
'.01' = 0.01;
-> 1
@end example
...
...
@@ -30055,11 +30038,11 @@ mysql> select '.01' = 0.01;
@itemx !=
Not equal:
@example
mysql>
select
'.01' <> '0.01';
mysql>
SELECT
'.01' <> '0.01';
-> 1
mysql>
select
.01 <> '0.01';
mysql>
SELECT
.01 <> '0.01';
-> 0
mysql>
select
'zapp' <> 'zappp';
mysql>
SELECT
'zapp' <> 'zappp';
-> 1
@end example
...
...
@@ -30068,7 +30051,7 @@ mysql> select 'zapp' <> 'zappp';
@item <=
Less than or equal:
@example
mysql>
select
0.1 <= 2;
mysql>
SELECT
0.1 <= 2;
-> 1
@end example
...
...
@@ -30077,7 +30060,7 @@ mysql> select 0.1 <= 2;
@item <
Less than:
@example
mysql>
select
2 < 2;
mysql>
SELECT
2 < 2;
-> 0
@end example
...
...
@@ -30086,7 +30069,7 @@ mysql> select 2 < 2;
@item >=
Greater than or equal:
@example
mysql>
select
2 >= 2;
mysql>
SELECT
2 >= 2;
-> 1
@end example
...
...
@@ -30095,7 +30078,7 @@ mysql> select 2 >= 2;
@item >
Greater than:
@example
mysql>
select
2 > 2;
mysql>
SELECT
2 > 2;
-> 0
@end example
...
...
@@ -30104,7 +30087,7 @@ mysql> select 2 > 2;
@item <=>
NULL safe equal:
@example
mysql>
select
1 <=> 1, NULL <=> NULL, 1 <=> NULL;
mysql>
SELECT
1 <=> 1, NULL <=> NULL, 1 <=> NULL;
-> 1 1 0
@end example
...
...
@@ -30115,9 +30098,9 @@ mysql> select 1 <=> 1, NULL <=> NULL, 1 <=> NULL;
@itemx IS NOT NULL
Test whether or not a value is or is not @code{NULL}:
@example
mysql>
select
1 IS NULL, 0 IS NULL, NULL IS NULL;
mysql>
SELECT
1 IS NULL, 0 IS NULL, NULL IS NULL;
-> 0 0 1
mysql>
select
1 IS NOT NULL, 0 IS NOT NULL, NULL IS NOT NULL;
mysql>
SELECT
1 IS NOT NULL, 0 IS NOT NULL, NULL IS NOT NULL;
-> 1 1 0
@end example
...
...
@@ -30174,13 +30157,13 @@ Otherwise, a floating-point (real) comparison is done.
@end itemize
@example
mysql>
select
1 BETWEEN 2 AND 3;
mysql>
SELECT
1 BETWEEN 2 AND 3;
-> 0
mysql>
select
'b' BETWEEN 'a' AND 'c';
mysql>
SELECT
'b' BETWEEN 'a' AND 'c';
-> 1
mysql>
select
2 BETWEEN 2 AND '3';
mysql>
SELECT
2 BETWEEN 2 AND '3';
-> 1
mysql>
select
2 BETWEEN 2 AND 'x-3';
mysql>
SELECT
2 BETWEEN 2 AND 'x-3';
-> 0
@end example
...
...
@@ -30199,9 +30182,9 @@ is a case-sensitive string expression, the string comparison is performed in
case-sensitive fashion:
@example
mysql>
select
2 IN (0,3,5,'wefwf');
mysql>
SELECT
2 IN (0,3,5,'wefwf');
-> 0
mysql>
select
'wefwf' IN (0,3,5,'wefwf');
mysql>
SELECT
'wefwf' IN (0,3,5,'wefwf');
-> 1
@end example
...
...
@@ -30214,9 +30197,9 @@ Same as @code{NOT (expr IN (value,...))}.
If @code{expr} is @code{NULL}, @code{ISNULL()} returns @code{1}, otherwise
it returns @code{0}:
@example
mysql>
select
ISNULL(1+1);
mysql>
SELECT
ISNULL(1+1);
-> 0
mysql>
select
ISNULL(1/0);
mysql>
SELECT
ISNULL(1/0);
-> 1
@end example
...
...
@@ -30229,9 +30212,9 @@ false!
Returns first non-@code{NULL} element in list:
@example
mysql>
select
COALESCE(NULL,1);
mysql>
SELECT
COALESCE(NULL,1);
-> 1
mysql>
select
COALESCE(NULL,NULL,NULL);
mysql>
SELECT
COALESCE(NULL,NULL,NULL);
-> NULL
@end example
...
...
@@ -30243,11 +30226,11 @@ and so on. All arguments are treated as integers. It is required that
to work correctly. This is because a binary search is used (very fast):
@example
mysql>
select
INTERVAL(23, 1, 15, 17, 30, 44, 200);
mysql>
SELECT
INTERVAL(23, 1, 15, 17, 30, 44, 200);
-> 3
mysql>
select
INTERVAL(10, 1, 10, 100, 1000);
mysql>
SELECT
INTERVAL(10, 1, 10, 100, 1000);
-> 2
mysql>
select
INTERVAL(22, 23, 30, 44, 200);
mysql>
SELECT
INTERVAL(22, 23, 30, 44, 200);
-> 0
@end example
@end table
...
...
@@ -30257,7 +30240,7 @@ operators (@code{=}, @code{<>}..., but not @code{LIKE}) end space will
be ignored.
@example
mysql>
select
"a" ="A ";
mysql>
SELECT
"a" ="A ";
-> 1
@end example
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