Assertion `mon > 0 && mon < 13' failed.'

MDEV-5337: Wrong result in mariadb 5.5.32 with ORDER BY + LIMIT when 
index_condition_pushdown=on
- in test_if_skip_sort_order(), correct the condition under which
  we have the code that restores the previously pushed index condition.

- in test_if_skip_sort_order(), correct the condition under which
  we have the code that restores the previously pushed index condition.

- Warnings about wrong symlink messages or non-timezone files with '.tab' are now only given if run with --verbose
- Added long option handling
- Added --help, --verbose and --version options


sql/tztime.cc:
  Add usage of my_getopt, to get long options

The crash happened because Item_func_monthname was derived from
Item_func_month, so Item_func_monthname::is_null() did not work fine.
Backporting a change from 5.5: Item_func_monthname is now derived from
Item_str_func.

Main fix was to not cache derivied tables as they may be temporary tables that are deleted before the next query.
This was a bit tricky as Item_field::fix_fields depended on cached_tables to be set to resolve some columns.



mysql-test/r/sp-bugs.result:
  Added test case
mysql-test/t/sp-bugs.test:
  Added test case
sql/item.cc:
  Fixed fix_outer_field to handle case where found field did not have in cached_table
  Idea is that if cached_table is not avaliable, use from_field->table->pos_in_table_list instead
sql/records.cc:
  Also accept INTERNAL_TMP_TABLE for memmap
sql/sql_base.cc:
  More DBUG_PRINT
  Fixed that setup_natural_join_row_types() is not run twice.
  Original code modified context->first_name_resolution_table also for second executions.
  This was wrong as this could give wrong results if some joins had been optimized away between calls.
sql/sql_derived.cc:
  Mark derived tables as internal temporary tables (INTERNAL_TMP_TABLE), not as NON_TRANSACTIONAL_TMP_TABLE.
  This is more correct as the tables are not visible by the end user.
sql/sql_insert.cc:
  Reset pos_in_table_list before calling fix_fields.
  One of the consequences of the change of not caching all generated tables in Item_ident is that
  pos_in_table_list needs to be correct in calls to fix_fields.
sql/sql_lex.cc:
  More DBUG_PRINT
sql/sql_parse.cc:
  Don't cache derivied tables as they may be temporary tables that are deleted before the next query
sql/sql_select.cc:
  Reset table_vector. This was required as some code checked the vector to see if temporary tables had already been created.
sql/table.cc:
  Mark tables with field translations as cacheable (as these will not disapper between stmt executions.

storage/tokudb/mysql-test/tokudb_bugs/r/5733_innodb.result:
  Speed up test
storage/tokudb/mysql-test/tokudb_bugs/r/5733_tokudb.result:
  Speed up test
  Fix results
storage/tokudb/mysql-test/tokudb_bugs/r/xa-6.result:
  Ensure that mysql.proc is properly closed
storage/tokudb/mysql-test/tokudb_bugs/t/5733_innodb.test:
  Speed up test
storage/tokudb/mysql-test/tokudb_bugs/t/5733_tokudb.test:
  Speed up test
  Accept both index and range scan for one query
storage/tokudb/mysql-test/tokudb_bugs/t/xa-6.test:
  Ensure that mysql.proc is properly closed

        small fix in the --replace_regex template.

        Plugins get error notifications only when my_message_sql() is called.
        But errors are launched with THD::raise_condition() calls in other
        places. These are push_warning(), implementations of SIGNAL and
        RESIGNAL commands.
        So it makes sence to notify plugins there in THD::raise_condition().

- convert_subq_to_sj() must connect child select's tables into 
  parent select's TABLE_LIST::next_local chain.  
- The problem was that it took child's leaf_tables.head() which
  is different. This could cause certain tables (in this bug's case,
  child select's non-merged semi-join) not to be present in 
  TABLE_LIST::next_local chain.  Which would cause non-merged semi-join
  not to be initialized in setup_tables(), which would lead to 
  NULL pointer dereference.

- convert_subq_to_sj() must connect child select's tables into 
  parent select's TABLE_LIST::next_local chain.  
- The problem was that it took child's leaf_tables.head() which
  is different. This could cause certain tables (in this bug's case,
  child select's non-merged semi-join) not to be present in 
  TABLE_LIST::next_local chain.  Which would cause non-merged semi-join
  not to be initialized in setup_tables(), which would lead to 
  NULL pointer dereference.

THD::thd->activate_stmt_arena_if_needed() should be used to temporary activating statement arena instead of direct usage of THD::set_n_backup_active_arena() because possible such scenario:
  1) func1 saves current arena and activates copy1 of statement arena
  2) func2 saves copy1 of statement arena setup by func1 and activates copy2
  3) some changes made for copy 2
  4) func2 stores changed copy2 back to statenet arena and activates copy1
  5) func1 store unchanged copy1 back to statemnt arena (rewrite changed copy 2 so changes become lost) and activates arena which was before.

After table->file->add_index() in mysql_alter_table() the table in the engine
has the intermediate temporary structure, it's neither the original nor the
final table structure (it'll be final after successful table->file->drop_index()
call). So, when add_index() fails with a unique key violation, we cannot simply
get the failed key number and easily map it to the key name and key structure via
table->key_info[key_no].

For now we'll create this "intermediate temporary structure", emulating InnoDB
internal rules.

This bug and the fix will go away in 10.0 that uses completely different online
alter table code.

mysql-test/t/alter_table_trans.test:
  mdev:5406

THD::thd->activate_stmt_arena_if_needed() should be used to temporary activating statement arena instead of direct usage of THD::set_n_backup_active_arena() because possible such scenario:
  1) func1 saves current arena and activates copy1 of statement arena
  2) func2 saves copy1 of statement arena setup by func1 and activates copy2
  3) some changes made for copy 2
  4) func2 stores changed copy2 back to statenet arena and activates copy1
  5) func1 store unchanged copy1 back to statemnt arena (rewrite changed copy 2 so changes become lost) and activates arena which was before.

make print_no_partition_found() to respect MYF(errflag)

mysql-test/suite/parts/t/insert_ignore-5421.test:
  mdev:5421

and support MySQL CMakeLists.txt files

mysql_upgrade --help now also prints out --default options and variable values.
mysql_upgrade now prints permission errors.
mysql_upgrade doesn't print some non essential info if --silent is used.
Added handler error message about incompatible versions
Fixed that mysqlbug and mysql_install_db have the executable flag set.
Removed executable flag for some non executable files.
Changed in mysql_install_db askmonty.org to mariadb.com.
Ensured that all client executables prints --default options the same way.
Allow REPAIR ... USE_FRM for old .frm files if the are still compatible.
Extended shown error for storage engine messages.


client/mysql.cc:
  print_defaults() should be first (as in all other programs)
client/mysql_upgrade.c:
  --help now also prints out --default options and variable values
  Print out error if wrong permissions
  Don't print info if --silent
client/mysqladmin.cc:
  print_defaults() should be first (as in all other programs)
client/mysqlbinlog.cc:
  Added print_defaults() to --help
client/mysqlcheck.c:
  Added empty line in --help
client/mysqlimport.c:
  Added empty line in --help
client/mysqlshow.c:
  Made --help compatible
client/mysqlslap.c:
  Made --help compatible
client/mysqltest.cc:
  Added print_defaults() to --help
include/handler_ername.h:
  Added handler error message
include/my_base.h:
  Added handler error message
mysql-test/r/mysql_upgrade.result:
  Updated results
mysql-test/r/repair.result:
  Added test case for better error messages
mysql-test/std_data/host_old.MYD:
  Added test case for better error messages
mysql-test/std_data/host_old.MYI:
  Added test case for better error messages
mysql-test/std_data/host_old.frm:
  Added test case for better error messages
mysql-test/t/repair.test:
  Added test case for better error messages
mysys/my_handler_errors.h:
  Added handler error message
scripts/CMakeLists.txt:
  Fixed that mysqlbug and mysql_install_db have the executable flag set
scripts/mysql_install_db.sh:
  askmonty.org -> mariadb.com
sql/ha_partition.cc:
  Sometimes table_type() can be called for errors even if partition didn't manage to open any files
sql/handler.cc:
  Write clear text for not handled, but defined error messages.
sql/share/errmsg-utf8.txt:
  Extended shown error for storage engine messages
sql/sql_admin.cc:
  Allow REPAIR ... USE_FRM for old .frm files if the are still compatible
storage/myisam/ha_myisam.cc:
  Use new error message

- When a JOIN has both "optimization tabs" (JOIN_TABs used to 
  read the base tables and do the join operation) and also
  has "execution tabs" (a JOIN_TAB that is to produce result set 
  that is sent to the client), do not forget to call JOIN_TAB::cleanup()
  for the execution JOIN_TAB.

update_used_tables() should be called after handling derived tables in any case.

Don't writing entries to slave log about binlog_checksum not existing on master if log_warnings is <=1.

This solves the issue of getting a lot of unnecessary errors logged on the slave when connecting to MySQL or an old MariaDB version.


sql/slave.cc:
  Don't write that binlog_checksum doesn't exists on the master if log_warnings <= 1

This only happend when using an ORDER BY on a primary key part, where all other key parts where constant.
Remove of duplicated expressions in ORDER BY (as the old code did this in some strange cases)


mysql-test/r/group_by.result:
  Fixed results to take into account that duplicate order by parts are now deleted
mysql-test/r/group_by_innodb.result:
  Ensure extended keys are on
mysql-test/r/innodb_ext_key.result:
  More tests
mysql-test/r/order_by.result:
  More tests
mysql-test/t/group_by.test:
  Fixed results to take into account that duplicate order by parts are now deleted
mysql-test/t/group_by_innodb.test:
  Ensure extended keys are on
mysql-test/t/innodb_ext_key.test:
  More tests
mysql-test/t/order_by.test:
  More tests
sql/sql_select.cc:
  Fixed bug where we looked at extended key parts when we shouldn't
  Remove of duplicated expressions in ORDER BY
sql/table.cc:
  Indentation fixes