ALL subquery should return TRUE if subquery rowa set is empty independently
of left part.  The problem was that Item_func_(eq,ne,gt,ge,lt,le) do not
call execution of second argument if first is NULL no in this case subquery
will not be executed and when Item_func_not_all calls any_value() of the
subquery or aggregation function which report that there was rows. So for
NULL < ALL (SELECT...) result was FALSE instead of TRUE.

Fix is just swapping of arguments of Item_func_(eq,ne,gt,ge,lt,le) (with
changing the operation if it is needed) so that result will be the same
(for examole a < b is equal to b > a). This fix exploit the fact that
first argument will be executed in any case.

mysql-test/r/subselect.result:
  The test suite added.
mysql-test/r/subselect_no_mat.result:
  The test suite added.
mysql-test/r/subselect_no_opts.result:
  The test suite added.
mysql-test/r/subselect_no_semijoin.result:
  The test suite added.
mysql-test/r/subselect_scache.result:
  The test suite added.
mysql-test/t/subselect.test:
  The test suite added.
sql/item_cmpfunc.cc:
  Swap arguments creation methods added.
sql/item_cmpfunc.h:
  Swap arguments creation methods added.
sql/item_subselect.cc:
  Swap arguments of the comparison.

BUG##806524: Assertion `join->best_read < 1.7976931348623157e+308 with table_elimination=on and derived_merge=on 
reset_nj_counters() used to rely on the fact that join nests have 
table->table==NULL. This ceased to be true wit new derived table
optimizations. Use test for table->nested_join!=NULL instead.

The problem was that optimizer removes some outer references (it they are
constant for example) and the list of outer items built during prepare phase is
not actual during execution phase when we need it as the cache parameters.
First solution was use pointer on pointer on outer reference Item and
initialize temporary table on demand. This solved most problem except case
when optimiser also reduce Item which contains outer references ('OR' in
this bug test suite).

The solution is to build the list of outer reference items on execution
phase (after optimization) on demand (just before temporary table creation)
by walking Item tree and finding outer references among Item_ident
(Item_field/Item_ref) and Item_sum items.

Removed depends_on list (because it is not neede any mnore for the cache, in the place where it was used it replaced with upper_refs).

Added processor (collect_outer_ref_processor) and get_cache_parameters() methods to collect outer references (or other expression parameters in future).

mysql-test/r/subselect_cache.result:
  A new test added.
mysql-test/r/subselect_scache.result:
  Changes in creating the cache and its paremeters order or adding arguments of aggregate function (which is a parameter also, but this has no influence on the result).
mysql-test/t/subselect_cache.test:
  Added a new test.
sql/item.cc:
  depends_on removed.
  
  Added processor (collect_outer_ref_processor) and get_cache_parameters() methods to collect outer references.
  
  Item_cache_wrapper collect parameters befor initialization of its cache.
sql/item.h:
  depends_on removed.
  
  Added processor (collect_outer_ref_processor) and get_cache_parameters() methods to collect outer references.
sql/item_cmpfunc.cc:
  depends_on removed.
  
  Added processor (collect_outer_ref_processor) to collect outer references.
sql/item_cmpfunc.h:
  Added processor (collect_outer_ref_processor) to collect outer references.
sql/item_subselect.cc:
  depends_on removed.
  Added processor get_cache_parameters() method to collect outer references.
sql/item_subselect.h:
  depends_on removed.
  Added processor get_cache_parameters() method to collect outer references.
sql/item_sum.cc:
  Added processor (collect_outer_ref_processor) method to collect outer references.
sql/item_sum.h:
  Added processor (collect_outer_ref_processor) and get_cache_parameters() methods to collect outer references.
sql/opt_range.cc:
  depends_on removed.
sql/sql_base.cc:
  depends_on removed.
sql/sql_class.h:
  New iterator added.
sql/sql_expression_cache.cc:
  Build of list of items resolved in outer query done just before creating expression cache on the first execution of the subquery which removes influence of optimizer removing items (all optimization already done).
sql/sql_expression_cache.h:
  Build of list of items resolved in outer query done just before creating expression cache on the first execution of the subquery which removes influence of optimizer removing items (all optimization already done).
sql/sql_lex.cc:
  depends_on removed.
sql/sql_lex.h:
  depends_on removed.
sql/sql_list.h:
  Added add_unique method to add only unique elements to the list.
sql/sql_select.cc:
  Support of new Item list added.
sql/sql_select.h:
  Support of new Item list added.

- Add testcase.

Analysis:
Both the wrong result and the valgrind warning were a result
of incomplete cleanup of the MIN/MAX subquery rewrite. At the
first execution of the query, the non-aggregate subquery is
transformed into an aggregate MIN/MAX subquery. During the
fix_fields phase of the MIN/MAX function, it sets the property
st_select_lex::with_sum_func to true.

The second execution of the query finds this flag to be ON.
When optimization reaches the same MIN/MAX subquery
transformation, it tests if the subquery is an aggregate or not.
Since select_lex->with_sum_func == true from the previous
execution, the transformation executes the second branch that
handles aggregate subqueries. This substitutes the subquery
Item into a Item_maxmin_subselect. At the same time elsewhere
it is assumed that the subquery Item is of type
Item_allany_subselect. Ultimately this results in casting the
actual object to the wrong class, and calling the wrong
any_value() method from empty_underlying_subquery().

Solution:
Cleanup the st_select_lex::with_sum_func property in the case
when the MIN/MAX transformation was performed for a non-aggregate
subquery, so that the transformation can be repeated.

This bug could lead to wrong result sets for a query over a
materialized derived table or view accessed by a multi-component
key.
It happened because the function get_next_field_for_derived_key
was supposed to update its argument, and it did not do it.

Also:
1. simplified the code of the function mysql_derived_merge_for_insert.
2. moved merge of views/dt for multi-update/delete to the prepare stage.
3. the list of the references to the candidates for semi-join now is
   allocated in the statement memory.

mysql-test/r/subselect_scache.result:
  Test with subquery cache on.
mysql-test/t/subselect_scache.test:
  Test with subquery cache on.

Made it 'off' by default.

- {ha_myisam,ha_maria}::index_read_idx_map should also initialize end_range, because index condition 
  function will attempt to check it. We initialize it like index_init() does.

(This is not a real fix for this bug, even though it makes it to no longer repeat)
- Semi-join subquery predicates, i.e. ... WHERE outer_expr IN (SELECT ...) may have null-rejecting properties,
  may allow to convert outer joins into inner.
- When convert_subq_to_sj() injected IN-equality into parent's WHERE/ON clause, it didn't call 
  $new_cond->top_level_item(), which would cause null-rejecting properties to be lost.
- Fixed, now the mentioned outer-to-inner conversion will really take place.

- Added an initial set of feature-specific test cases
- Handled the special case where the materialized subquery of an
  IN predicates consists of only NULL values.
- Fixed a bug where making Item_in_subselect a constant,
  didn't respect its null_value value.

- Make {ha_myisam,ha_maria}::index_read_idx_map check pushed index condition.
- Address review feedback (added comments)

Analysis:

For some of the re-executions of the correlated subquery the
where clause is false. In these cases the execution of the
subquery detects that it must generate a NULL row because of
implicit grouping. In this case the subquery execution reaches
the following code in do_select():

        while ((table= li++))
          mark_as_null_row(table->table);

This code marks all rows in the table as complete NULL rows.
In the example, when evaluating the field t2.f10 for the second
row, all bits of Field::null_ptr[0] are set by the previous call
to mark_as_null_row(). Then the call to Field::is_null()
returns true, resulting in a NULL for the MAX function.

Thus the lines above are not suitable for subquery re-execution
because mark_as_null_row() changes the NULL bits of each table
field, and there is no logic to restore these fields.

Solution:

The call to mark_as_null_row() was added by the fix for bug
lp:613029. Therefore removing the fix for lp:613029 corrects
this wrong result. At the same time the test for lp:613029
behaves correctly because the changes of MWL#89 result in a
different execution path where:
- the constant subquery is evaluated via JOIN::exec_const_cond
- detecting that it has an empty result triggers the branch
  if (zero_result_cause)
    return_zero_rows()
- return_zero_rows() calls mark_as_null_row().

The attribute not_null_tables could be calculated incorrectly in the
function SELECT_LEX::update_used_tables for queries over views 
with row items in the WHERE clause. It happened because no 
implementation of the virtual callback function eval_not_null_tables
was provided for the class Item_row.
Also slightly optimized the code calculating the value of the maybe_null
flag for tables in the function SELECT_LEX::update_used_tables.

Analysis:
This is a bug in MWL#68, where it was incorrectly assumed
that if there is a match in the only non-null key, then
if there is a covering NULL row on all remaining NULL-able
columns there is a partial match. However, this is not the case,
because even if there is such a null-only sub-row, it is not
guaranteed to be part of the matched sub-row. The matched sub-row
and the NULL-only sub-row may be parts of different rows.

In fact there are two cases:
- there is a complete row with only NULL values, and
- all nullable columns contain only NULL values.

These two cases were incorrectly mixed up in the class member
  subselect_partial_match_engine::covering_null_row_width.


Solution:
The solution is to:
- split covering_null_row_width into two members:
  has_covering_null_row, and has_covering_null_columns, and
- take into account each state during initialization and
  execution.

class for Item_func_xor. Added the implementation of the
subst_argument_checker virtual method that the objects of this 
class used to use before the patch.
Reverted the previous result changes in sunselect_sj and
subselect_sj_jcl6.
  

In addition to the bug fix explained below, the patch performs
few renames, and adds some comments to avoid similar problems.

Analysis:
The failed assert was due to a bug in MWL#68, where it was
incorrectly assumed that the size of the bitmap
subselect_rowid_merge_engine::null_only_columns should be
the same as the size of the array of Ordered_keys.

The bitmap null_only_columns contains bits to mark columns
that contain only NULLs. Therefore the indexes of the bits
to be set in null_only_columns are different from the indexes
of the Ordered_keys. If there is a NULL-only column that appears
in a table after the last partial match column with Ordered_key,
this NULL-only column would require setting a bit with index
bigger than the size of the bitmap null_only_columns.

Accessing such a bit caused the failed assert.

Solution:
Upon analysis, it turns out that null_only_columns is not needed
at all, because we are looking for partial matches, and having
such columns guarantees that there is a partial match for any
corresponding outer value.

Therefore the patch removes
  subselect_rowid_merge_engine::null_only_columns.

The bitmap of used tables must be evaluated for the select list of every
materialized derived table / view and saved in a dedicated field.
This is also applied to materialized subqueries.