The --gtid-ignore-duplicates option was not working correctly with row-based
replication. When a row event was completed, but before committing, there
was a small window where another multi-source SQL thread could wrongly try
to re-execute the same transaction, without properly ignoring the duplicate
GTID. This would lead to duplicate key error or out-of-order GTID error or
similar.

Thanks to Matt Neth for reporting this and giving an easy way to reproduce
the issue.

Introduce a new dummy INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHANGED_PAGE_BITMAPS table to XtraDB
with reset_table callback to allow FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG CHANGED_PAGE_BITMAPS
to be called from innobackupex.

        The behaviour required by the standard seems too weird to expect.

This is an addition to original patch: cleanups for next_breadth_first_tab().

Overhead change:
next_breadth_first_tab()  0.04% -> out of radar

Split first_breadth_first_tab() into
JOIN::first_breadth_first_optimization_tab() and
JOIN::first_breadth_first_execution_tab().

This allows to eliminate function call and one condition. Adjusted callers
accordingly.

Overhead change:
first_breadth_first_tab()        0.07% -> out of radar
next_breadth_first_tab()         0.04% -> 0.04%
JOIN::cleanup()                  0.15% -> 0.11%
JOIN::save_explain_data_intern() 0.28% -> 0.24%

Moved Apc_target::destroy(), Apc_target::enable() and Apc_targe::disable()
definitions to my_apc.h so that they can be inlined.

Apc_targe::disable() now calls Apc_target::process_apc_requests() only if
there're APC requests. This saves one pthread_mutex_lock() call.

Overhead change:
Apc_target::disable              0.04% -> out of radar
Apc_target::enable               0.03% -> out of radar
Apc_target::process_apc_requests 0.02% -> out of radar
pthread_mutex_lock               0.43% -> 0.42%
pthread_mutex_unlock             0.26% -> 0.25%

        Some cases of the feature's borders were treated incorrectly.

The crash was caused by attempting to use a hashtable without
it getting initialized, due to the --skip-grant-tables switch.

ANALYZE should also record remove_duplicates() operation.

Handle the case where the optimizer decides to use
handler->delete_all_rows(), but then this call returns
HA_ERR_UNSUPPORTED and execution switches to regular
row-by-row deletion.

Do not call handler::rebind_psi() and handler::unbind_psi() when performance
schema is compiled out.

Overhead change:
handler::rebind_psi 0.04% -> out of radar
handler::unbind_psi 0.03% -> out of radar
open_table          0.21% -> 0.18%
close_thread_table  0.05% -> 0.05%

Initialize abs_timeout when it is about to be used. This saves one my_hrtime()
call on hot path (when we acquire MDL lock without waiting).

When filling I_S.PROCESSLIST use THD::start_utime/THD::utime_after_query instead
of THD::start_time. This allows us to save 2 clock_gettime() calls.

Overhead change:
__clock_gettime   0.13% -> 0.11% (122 -> 76 calls per OLTP RO transaction)
my_interval_timer 0.07% -> 0.06%
my_hrtime         0.04% -> 0.01%

Pass THD to Sort_and_group_tracker::report_sorting().
This reduces number of pthread_getspecific() calls from 292 to 290.

Pass THD to Item_field (and all derivatives) constructors.
This reduces number of pthread_getspecific() calls from 322 to 292.

Pass THD to find_all_keys() and Item_equal::Item_equal().
In MRR use table->in_use instead of current_thd.

This reduces number of pthread_getspecific() calls from 354 to 320.

Various fixes to let MariaDB compile with performance schema disabled.

Field_temporal_with_date::validate_for_get_date()
and reusing it in a few places.

Instead of asserting print informative error message to error log
and return failure from innodb_init causing the server to shutdown.

Added new dynamic configuration variable innodb_buf_dump_status_frequency
to configure how often buffer pool dump status is printed in the logs.
A number between [0, 100] that tells how oftern buffer pool dump status
in percentages should be printed. E.g. 10 means that buffer pool dump
status is printed when every 10% of number of buffer pool pages are
dumped. Default is 0 (only start and end status is printed).

Moved warning print to debug builds only because on production
these messages are unnecessary.

Follow-up patch to temporarily avoid a sporadic failure in the test
rpl.rpl_000011 due to MDEV-8301.

There is a window during thread exit where the global status is
counted incorrectly - the contribution for the exiting thread is
counted twice. The patch for MDEV-8294 made this window visible to the
test case rpl.rpl_000011, causing it to sporadically fail. Temporarily
silence this with a wait for the expected value; can be removed once
MDEV-8294 is fixed.

There were some cases where the slave SQL thread could stop without
the pool of parallel replication worker threads being correctly
de-activated.

Add log_bin_index, log_bin_basename and relay_log_basename system
variables. Also, convert relay_log_index system variable to
NO_CMD_LINE and implement --relay-log-index as a command line
option.

  MDEV-8167 XOR returns bad results for an indexed column
The bug itself was earlier fixed by one of the earlier changes.

The bug itself was earlier fixed by this patch:

commit 3709c7fc
MDEV-8222 "string_field LIKE int_const" returns a wrong result in case of UCS2
MDEV-8257 Erroneous "Impossible where" when mixing decimal comparison and LIKE

Analysis: Problem was that actual payload size (page size) after compression
was handled incorrectly on encryption. Additionally, some of the variables
were not initialized.

Fixed by encrypting/decrypting only the actual compressed page size.

MDEV-8268: InnoDB: Assertion failure in file buf0buf.cc line 5842 failing assertion ut_a(free_slot != NULL);

Analysis: Problem is that there is not enough temporary buffer slots
for pending IO requests.

Fixed by allocating same amount of temporary buffer slots as there
are max pending IO requests.

Removed memcpy's on cases when page is not encrypted and make sure
we use the correct buffer for reading/writing.