The bug was found by Alyssa Milburn.
      If the number of points of a geometry feature read from
      binary representation is greater than 0x10000000, then
      the (uint32) (num_points * 16) will cut the higher byte,
      which leads to various errors.
      Fixed by additional check if (num_points > max_n_points).

MySQL Bug #12408412: GROUP_CONCAT + ORDER BY + INPUT/OUTPUT SAME USER VARIABLE = CRASH
and
MySQL Bug#14664077 SEVERE PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION IN SOME CASES WHEN USER VARIABLES ARE USED


sql/item_func.cc:
  don't use anything from Item_func_set_user_var::fix_fields()
  in Item_func_set_user_var::save_item_result()
sql/sql_class.cc:
  Call suv->save_item_result(item) *before* doing suv->fix_fields(), because
  the former evaluates the item (and caches its value), while the latter marks
  the user variable as non-const. The problem is that the item was fix_field'ed
  when the user variable was const, and it doesn't expect it to change to non-const
  in the middle of the execution.

mysys/errors.c:
  revert upstream's fix. use a much simpler one
mysys/my_write.c:
  revert upstream's fix. use a simpler one
sql/item_xmlfunc.cc:
  useless, but ok
sql/mysqld.cc:
  simplify upstream's fix
storage/heap/hp_delete.c:
  remove upstream's fix.
  we'll use a much less expensive approach.

Analysis:
Range analysis discoveres that the query can be executed via loose index scan for GROUP BY.
Later, GROUP BY analysis fails to confirm that the GROUP operation can be computed via an
index because there is no logic to handle duplicate field references in the GROUP clause.
As a result the optimizer produces an inconsistent plan. It constructs a temporary table,
but on the other hand the group fields are not set to point there.
    
Solution:
Make loose scan analysis work in sync with order by analysis. In the case of duplicate
columns loose scan will not be applicable. This limitation will be lifted in 10.0 by
removing duplicate columns.

MDEV-729 lp:998028 - Server crashes on normal shutdown in closefrm after executing a query from MyISAM table

don't write a key value into the record buffer - a key length can be larger then the record length.

MDEV-759 lp:998340 - Valgrind complains on simple selects containing expression DAY(FROM_UNIXTIME(-1))

check item->null_value before using the result of item->val_int()

This bug could result in returning 0 for the expressions of the form 
<aggregate_function>(distinct field) when the system variable  
max_heap_table_size was set to a small enough number.
It happened because the method Unique::walk() did not support
the case when more than one pass was needed to merge the trees
of distinct values saved in an external file.

Backported a fix in grant_lowercase.test from mariadb 5.5.

MDEV-4029 SELECT on information_schema using a subquery locks up the information_schema table due to incorrect mutexes handling
  
Early evaluation of subqueries in the WHERE conditions on I_S.*_STATUS tables,
otherwise the subquery on this same table will try to acquire LOCK_status twice.

			    DIAGNOSTICS_AREA::SET_OK_STATUS

Use DBUG_RETURN() instead of return() if DBUG_ENTER() is
used in the function. This patch is to  fix the Windows 
pb2 failure on mysql-5.1

Approved by Marko. rb#1792

      I_MAIN.CTYPE_UTF8 FOR MACOSX10.6 FOR 5.1

Part 2: Fix for test failures on Windows.

			    DIAGNOSTICS_AREA::SET_OK_STATUS

Test fails on 5.1 valgrind build. This is because of close(-1)
system call.

Fixed by adding extra checks for valid file descriptor.

Approved by Vasil(Calvin). rb#1792

    I_MAIN.CTYPE_UTF8 FOR MACOSX10.6 FOR 5.1

While converting directory name to filename, a
file separator (FN_LIBCHAR) might get appended
to the resulting file name. This can result in
off-by-one error when length of the input string
is equal to FN_REFLEN. In this case, the terminating
'\0' gets written beyond the buffer allocated to store
the result.

Fixed by incrementing the dst buffer size by 1. As
extra safety, switched to strnmov() and added a debug
assert to check the length of the input file name.

No test case added as the scenario is already
covered by the test cases added for bugs in
the description.

Problem:If Disk becomes full while writing into the binlog,
then the server instance hangs till someone frees the space.
After user frees up the disk space, mysql server crashes
with an assert (m_status != DA_EMPTY)

Analysis: wait_for_free_space is being called in an
infinite loop i.e., server instance will hang until
someone frees up the space. So there is no need to
set status bit in diagnostic area.

Fix: Replace my_error/my_printf_error with
sql_print_warning() which prints the warning in error log.

include/my_sys.h:
  Provision to call sql_print_warning from mysys files
mysys/errors.c:
  Replace my_error/my_printf_error with
  sql_print_warning() which prints the warning in error log.
mysys/my_error.c:
  implementation of my_printf_warning
mysys/my_write.c:
  Adding logic to break infinite loop in the simulation
sql/mysqld.cc:
  Provision to call sql_print_warning from mysys files

No commit message

Details of BUG#11746142: CALLING MYSQLD WHILE ANOTHER 
INSTANCE IS RUNNING, REMOVES PID FILE
Fix: Before removing the pid file, ensure it was created
by the same process, leave it intact otherwise.

sql/mysqld.cc:
  delete_pid_file() introduced, which checks that the pid file
          belongs to the process before removing it

Some shell interpreters do not support '-e' test
primary to construct conditions.

man test 1 (on S10)
...skip...
-e file True if file exists. (Not available in sh.)
...skip...

Hence, check for the existence of a file using
'-e' might result in a syntax error on such
shell programs.

Fixed by replacing it by '-f'.

                    DOS ATTACKS
      
Problem:
For detailed description, see Bug#42502. This bug is a duplicate
of Bug#42502. The complete fix for Bug#42502 was not made as
proposed. Hence the bug still persists.
      
Fix:
Make the changes as proposed originally for the bugfix of 42502.
Which is to remove the allocation of the memory before we actually
check for any errors.

sql/tztime.cc:
  Remove the double allocation for tz_info

Fixing a pb2 issue.  There is some difference in the output in my local machine and pb2 machines in the explain output.  

              TO SIGNED
Problem:
When we are joining types (of fields) in case of a union, we usually
upgrade the datatypes to the largest present in the query.
In case of mediumint, it is not happening.
Analysis:
When joined with types LONG and LONGLONG, mediumint should get
upgraded to LONG and LONGLONG respectively.
W.r.t the given query, constant '1' will be created as a LONGLONG
internally and SIGNED flag is enabled. As a result, while combining
types for the field, LONGLONG along with MEDIUMINT gets converted
to LONG first. LONG with MEDIUMINT(of the third select) gets converted
to MEDIUMINT. SIGNED FLAG would be that of the first field's.
As a result, the final result would be SIGNED MEDIUMINT.
Fix:
While joining types, MEDIUMINT with LONGLONG and MEDIUMINT with LONG
is converted to LONGLONG and LONG respectively. Also, made some 
changes for FLOAT and DOUBLE.


sql/field.cc:
  Changed merge types for MEDIUMINT.

DBUG_ENTER and DBUG_LEAVE must *always* match,
otherwise all subsequent DBUG_ENTER calls will 
be poking into undefined stack frames.

Analysis:
When thread cache is enabled, it does not properly initialize
thd->start_utime when a thread is picked from the thread cache.
This breaks the quota management mechanism. 
THD::time_out_user_resource_limits() resets 
m_user_connect->conn_per_hour to 0 based on thd->start_utime

Fix:
Initialize start_utime when cached thread is reused.

Notes:
Enabled back tests which were disabled because of this issue.

This is a followup to the fix of
Bug#14628410 ASSERTION `! IS_SET()' FAILED IN DIAGNOSTICS_AREA::SET_OK_STATUS
(satya.bodapati@oracle.com-20121213132316-5joz4phltx9yhjs7)

In innobase_mysql_tmpfile(): allocate/open the file after
the return(-1); statement.

                             IN QUERY CACHE CODE

DESCRIPTION:
MySQL Server crashes sporadically when Query Caching is on and
the server has high contention among clients. 


ANALYSIS :

Scenario 1:
In Query_cache::move_by_type() when handling RESULT or its related blocks,
Write Lock is acquired on its parent Query block. However the next and prev
pointers are cached in local variables before lock acquisition. In an extremely
high contention scenario there exists a possibility that
Query_cache::append_result_data() is operating on the same query block
and as a consequence might append a new Result block to the end of Result
blocks Linked List of the Query. This would manipulate the next, prev pointers
of the Block being processed in move_by_type(), however the local pointers
still point to previous nodes there by causing Data Corruption leading to crash.

FIX :

Scenario 1:
The next, prev pointers are now accessed only after Lock acquisition in 
Query_cache::move_by_type().

SAME VERSION NUMBER 1.0.17

Now that InnoDB/InnoDB Plugin is no longer separately developed and
distributed from the MySQL server it does not need its own version number.
Thus use the MySQL version instead.

"Removing" the version altogether is not feasible because the config
variable 'innodb_version' cannot be removed in GA branches.

Reviewed by:	Marko (rb#1751)

Problem: tag's buffer overflow leads to a problem.
Fix: bound check added.


sql/item_xmlfunc.cc:
  Fix for BUG#15948580 UPDATE_XML() CRASHES THE SERVER.
  
    - XML tag/attribute level shouldn't exceed MAX_LEVEL as we use a
  static buffer to store them in the MY_XML_USER_DATA.

BUF_PAGE_GET_GEN REDUNDANT?

rb://1711
approved by: Marko Makela

When decompressing a compressed page that had already been accessed
in the buffer pool, do not attempt to merge buffered changes.

File names with colon are being disallowed because of the Alternate Data 
Stream (ADS) feature of NTFS that could be misused. ADS allows data to be 
written to alternate streams of a normal file. The data in alternate 
streams cannot be seen by normal tools on Windows (explorer, cmd.exe). As 
a result someone can use this feature to hide large amount of data in 
alternate streams and admins will have no easy way of figuring out the 
files that are using that disk space. The fix also disallows ADS in the 
scenarios where file name is passed as some dynamic variable.

An important thing about the fix is that it DOES NOT disallow ADS file 
names if they are not dynamic (i.e. if the file is created by using some 
option that needs local access to the MySQL server, for example error log
file). The reasoning is that if some MySQL option related to files 
requires access to the local machine (it is not dynamic), then user can very 
well create data in ADS by some other means. This fixes only those scenarios 
which can allow users to create data in ADS over the wire.

File names with colon are being disallowed only on Windows. UNIX 
(Linux in particular) supports NTFS, but it will not be a common 
scenario for someone to configure a NTFS file system to store MySQL 
data on Linux.

Changes in file bug11761752-master.opt are needed due to 
bug number 15937938.

The error code returned from Merge file/Temp file creation functions are
ignored.

Use the return codes of the row_merge_file_create() and innobase_mysql_tmpfile()
to return the error to caller if file creation fails.

Approved by Marko. rb#1618

              DOPROCESSREPLY()

Description: Function DoProcessReply() calls function
             decrypt_message() in a while loop without
             performing a check on available buffer
             space. This can cause buffer overflow and
             crash the server. This patch is fix provided
             by Sawtooth to resolve the issue.