KEY NO 0 FOR TABLE IN ERROR LOG 

With the changes made by the patches for Bug#11751388 and
Bug#11784056, concurrent reads are allowed while secondary
indexes are created in InnoDB. This means that the metadata
lock on the affected table is not upgraded to exclusive
until the .FRM is updated at the end of ALTER TABLE processing.

The problem was that if this lock upgrade failed for some
reason (e.g. timeout), the index information in the server
and inside InnoDB would be out of sync. This would happen
since the add index operation already was committed inside 
InnoDB but the table metadata inside the server had not been
updated yet.

This patch fixes the problem by (for now) reverting the
effects of the patches for Bug#11751388 and Bug#11784056.
Concurrent reads will now again be blocked during creation
of secondary indexes in InnoDB.

Test case added to innodb_mysql_lock.test.

ABI changes (Bug#60061)

Bumping the version from 16 to 18, instead of 17, was done to avoid a
library conflict on Mac OS X between MySQL 5.1 and MySQL 5.5. In MySQL
5.1 GNU libtool was used, that made the ABI version used in the file
name to be 16, and the one stored inside the binary to be 17.

MySQL 5.5 uses CMake as a build tool, that will store the same ABI
number in the file name as inside the binary in Mac OS X, and then
bumping the ABI number two steps avoids a conflict on Mac OS X.

See also bug 11775312, all queries listed there now have the
same results here, as they have in 5.1

This assumption in Item_cache_datetime::cache_value_int
was wrong:
-  /* Assume here that the underlying item will do correct conversion.*/
-  int_value= example->val_int_result();


mysql-test/r/subselect_innodb.result:
  New test case.
mysql-test/t/subselect_innodb.test:
  New test case.
sql/item.cc:
  In Item_cache_datetime::cache_value_int()
   - call get_time() or get_date() depending on desired type
   - convert the returned MYSQL_TIME value to longlong depending on desired type
sql/item.h:
  The cached int_value in Item_cache_datetime should not be unsigned:
   - it is used mostly in signed context
   - it can actually have negative value (for TIME data type)
sql/item_cmpfunc.cc:
  Add comment on Bug#59685
sql/item_subselect.cc:
  Add some DBUG_TRACE for easier bug-hunting.

The problem was that Item_sum_hybrid::val_xxx() did not propagate null values
up the expression tree.


mysql-test/r/func_time.result:
  New test case.
mysql-test/t/func_time.test:
  New test case.
sql/item_sum.cc:
  Check for null_value when evaluating sub-items in sub-trees in Item_sum_hybrid::val_xxx()

"set optimizer_switch to e or d causes invalid memory writes/valgrind warnings":
due to prefix support, the argument "e" was overwritten with its full value
"engine_condition_pushdown", which caused a buffer overrun.
This was wrong usage of find_type(); other wrong usages are fixed here too.
Please start reading with the comment of typelib.c.

client/mysqldump.c:
  A bug: find_type() expects a bitmap as 3rd argument
  (each bit is a flag controlling a behaviour of the function);
  here it was instead passed the length of the string to search!
  That could give random behaviour of find_type()
  depending on the string.
  We rather need to pass a correct flag to find_type().
  The correct flag is FIND_TYPE_BASIC (0).
  Flag 8 is not needed as buff cannot have a comma (see how buff is filled).
  Flag 1 looks like a superfluous restriction.
  Flag 4 is not user-friendly (why use
  --compatible=2 rather than --compatible=mysql40 ?, and
  we probably not commit to "2" always meaning "mysql40"
  until the end of times).
include/mysql.h.pp:
  This isn't a problematic API change as we go from char* to const char*:
  existing code will run unchanged.
include/typelib.h:
  named constants. Not an enum to not significantly change
  the declaration of find_type() which would be an API change
  (typelib.h is included in mysql.h).
mysql-test/r/mysqldump.result:
  correct result (see the two requested modes in SQL_MODE)
mysql-test/suite/sys_vars/t/optimizer_switch_basic.test:
  test for BUG#59894. The second SET used to crash.
mysql-test/t/mysqldump.test:
  we had no test for multiple modes in --compatible, which is
  supported according to --help
mysys/typelib.c:
  Fix for BUG#59894. parse_name() is asked to match "e" with a row
  of the TYPELIB (the TYPELIB lists permitted flags of optimizer_switch;
  and comes from optimizer_switch_names[] of sys_vars.cc).
  find_type() is capable of supporting prefixes, but if it is not
  passed flag 2 in third argument, it will overwrite its first
  argument (the string to search for) with the complete name,
  here overwriting "e" with "engine_condition_pushdown". But
  as this "e" was a buffer allocated in an Item, it was not big
  enough to host the longer name, thus the crash.
  We don't need to know the complete flag's name; the output used
  from find_type() is just the flag's number (== function's return
  code). So we can pass flag 2 to find_type() in parse_name().
  After doing this fix and the other fixes in this patch, all usages
  of find_type() were using flag 2; in most usages the string to search for,
  is not guaranteed to be long enough to host the complete name
  (it is either directly from argv, or from alloc_root/my_malloc
  done in an earlier call).
  Thus, flag 2 is here made implicit: callers need not pass it anymore,
  it is always automatically turned on.
  This allows to eliminate an oddity: parse_name() took a const char**,
  and then removed "const" before calling find_type(), which could
  theoretically modify the pointed data, thus lying on constness.
  Last, constants for find_type() are now named.
sql-common/client.c:
  Two bugs:
  1) The enum was not in sync with the array (due to a bad porting of WL 1054;
  the extra OPT_ values are about options present in 5.1 and deleted in 5.5);
  added a compile_time_assert() to make sure this doesn't happen again
  2) find_type() was writing past the end of opt_arg; as opt_arg was allocated
  with alloc_root() with no extra space, this was an overrun; it could be seen
  when
  ** building with -DWITH_VALGRIND -DHAVE_purify -DEXTRA_DEBUG
  ** making execution go through the faulty code; this faulty
  code is executed only if the client asks to read a configuration
  file like this:
    mysql_options(mysql, MYSQL_READ_DEFAULT_FILE, "/tmp/cnf.cnf");
  so by adding such line to the start of mysql_client_test.c::client_connect(),
  we could see the valgrind warning:
  ==30548== Invalid write of size 1
  ==30548==    at 0x4C2624C: strcpy (mc_replace_strmem.c:303)
  ==30548==    by 0x48DC29: find_type (typelib.c:120)
  ==30548==    by 0x465686: mysql_read_default_options (client.c:1344)
  ==30548==    by 0x46830F: mysql_real_connect (client.c:2971)
  ==30548==    by 0x409339: client_connect (mysql_client_test.c:331)
  ==30548==    by 0x463A7F: main (mysql_client_test.c:19902)
  ==30548==  Address 0x61875ad is 0 bytes after a block of size 29 alloc'd
  ==30548==    at 0x4C25153: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:195)
  ==30548==    by 0x49BFF1: my_malloc (my_malloc.c:38)
  ==30548==    by 0x49C65C: alloc_root (my_alloc.c:166)
  ==30548==    by 0x48EF97: handle_default_option (default.c:381)
  ==30548==    by 0x49068C: search_default_file_with_ext (default.c:992)
  ==30548==    by 0x48F929: search_default_file (default.c:670)
  ==30548==    by 0x48EDC4: my_search_option_files (default.c:312)
  ==30548==    by 0x48F4B1: my_load_defaults (default.c:576)
  ==30548==    by 0x46517A: mysql_read_default_options (client.c:1207)
  ==30548==    by 0x46830F: mysql_real_connect (client.c:2971)
  ==30548==    by 0x409339: client_connect (mysql_client_test.c:331)
  ==30548==    by 0x463A7F: main (mysql_client_test.c:19902)
  This is fixed by having find_type() not overwrite anymore.
sql/sql_help.cc:
  cast not needed anymore.
sql/table.cc:
  cast not needed anymore.

The crash happens because Item_cache which is result
holder for Item_subselect can't correctly convert
a DATETIME value from string to int representation.
The fix is to disable constant item convertion for
subselect(partial rollback of bug52157 fix).


mysql-test/r/type_date.result:
  test case
mysql-test/t/type_date.test:
  test case
sql/item_cmpfunc.cc:
  disable constant item convertion for subselects.

An after-fix to workaround different metadata in "mtr --ps" output.

batch_readline_init() was modified - make check for 
type of file for input stream unless target platform
is WINDOWS since on this platform S_IFBLK is undefined.

Reverse DNS lookup of "localhost" returns "broadcasthost" on Snow Leopard (Mac), and NULL on most others.
Simply ignore the output, as this is not an essential part of UDF testing.

batch_readline_init() was modified - return an error
if the input source is a directory or a block device.

This follow-up is necessary because on some platforms,
such as Solaris, call to read() from directory may be
successful.

Resolved an innodb conflict thanks to vasil.

Test failed on a certain Linux platform in automated environment. It turns out that this platform has an old version of Perl modules DBI and DBD::mysql installed, as well as the OS itself being relatively old.
Allowing error code 11 to be returned from mysqlhotcopy on expected error seems harmless and will make the test pass also with older libraries.