Leverage newuidmap/newgidmap if they are available

Else for regular user we are doomed to always have only single

	X -> UID-in-parent

mapping.

See details in comments inside.

TODO handle case when we have CAP_SETUID already (slapns inside slapns).

slapns.py

@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 
 from unshare import unshare, CLONE_NEWUSER, CLONE_NEWNS, CLONE_NEWPID, CLONE_NEWNET
 from os.path import abspath
+from subprocess import call
 import os, sys, ctypes, errno
+import logging as log
 
 MS_RDONLY = 1 << 0
 MS_BIND   = 1 << 12
@@ -41,6 +43,12 @@ def bind(source, target, flags=0, options=''):
     return mount(source, target, None, flags | MS_BIND, options)
 
 
+
+# readfile reads data from file @path.
+def readfile(path):
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
+        return f.read()
+
 # writefile writes data to file @path.
 def writefile(path, data):
     with open(path, "wb") as f:
@@ -56,6 +64,72 @@ def mkdir_p(path, mode=0777):
         else:
             raise
 
+# ---- uid/gid map setup ----
+
+# On Linux security for setting UID translation from a user namespace to its
+# parent is very ad-hoc. Basically single `0 -> UID-in-parent` rule is allowed
+# to be setup from a regular users, while everything else requires CAP_SETUID
+# in parent user namespace:
+#
+#   https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/kernel/user_namespace.c?id=v4.19-rc6-177-gcec4de302c5f#n1086
+#
+# then there is also newuidmap/newgidmap SUID helpers (part of shadow package) which
+# read /etc/sub{uid,gid} to see which ID ranges are allowed for a user.
+#
+# The defaults, when adding a user into a system, is to populate that file with
+# 65K ID ranges for every user, for example
+#
+#   slapuser4:1214112:65536
+#
+# This way when slapns starts without having CAP_SETUID it tries to use
+# newuidmap/newgidmap to setup allowed UID ranges in created namespace.
+
+# subid_allowed finds out which sub uid/gid ranges are allowed for current user.
+# -> [] of (id, count)
+def subid_allowed(subid_file):
+    try:
+        f = open(subid_file, "r")
+    except IOError as e:
+        log.warn("%s: cannot find allowed: %s" % (subid_file, e))
+        return []
+
+    mylogin = os.getlogin()
+    myuid = "%d" % os.getuid()
+
+    subidv = []
+    try:
+        for _ in f.readlines():
+            # kirr:1279648:65536
+            u, id_, count = _.split(":")
+            if not (u == mylogin or u == myuid):
+                continue
+
+            id_   = int(id_)
+            count = int(count)
+            subidv.append((id_, count))
+
+        return subidv
+    finally:
+        f.close()
+
+# idmap_trysetup_viashadow tries to setup uid/gid mapping for a process
+# identified by pid via SUID helpers from shadow package.
+def idmap_trysetup_viashadow(kind, pid):
+    myid = getattr(os, "get"+kind)()
+    argv = ["new%smap" % kind, "%d" % pid, "0", "%d" % myid, "1"]  # includes 0 <- uid which is always allowed
+    x = 100
+    for u, count in subid_allowed("/etc/sub%s" % kind):
+        argv += ["%d" % x, "%d" % u, "%d" % count]
+        x = x + count
+
+    st = call(argv)
+    if st != 0:
+        log.warn("new%smap failed -> will fallback to `unshare -r` style setup ..." % kind)
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------
+
+
 # usage: slapns <slappart>
 # create new container inside <slappart> directory + run it.
 def main():
@@ -71,13 +145,56 @@ def main():
     uid = os.getuid()
     gid = os.getgid()
 
+    # fork a child in which we will call unshare and onto which we'll apply new{uid,gid}map
+    unshared_rx, unshared_tx = os.pipe()    # parent <- child   "unshared"
+    mapsetup_rx, mapsetup_tx = os.pipe()    # parent -> child   "uid/gid map setup complete"
+    pid = os.fork()
+    if pid != 0:
+        # parent
+        os.close(unshared_tx)
+        os.close(mapsetup_rx)
+
+        # <- child "unshared"
+        _ = os.read(unshared_rx, 1)
+        assert _ == "U", `_`
+
+        # TODO check if we have CAP_SETUID and then we can write /proc/.../uid_map directly
+        # ^^^ = "slapns inside slapns" case.
+
+        # try to setup uid/git mappings via SUID helper
+        idmap_trysetup_viashadow("uid", pid)
+        idmap_trysetup_viashadow("gid", pid)
+
+        # signal to child {uid,gid}_map setup complete
+        _ = os.write(mapsetup_tx, "M")
+        assert _ == 1, _
+
+        # wait on child
+        _, st = os.waitpid(pid, 0)
+        sys.exit(st >> 8)   # st = (exit << 8) | signal
+
+
+    # child
+    os.close(unshared_rx)
+    os.close(mapsetup_tx)
+
     # unshare from parent namespace (unshare -Umpn)
     unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_NEWPID | CLONE_NEWNET)
 
-    # make us a root (UID=0) inside it (unshare -r)
-    writefile("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny")
-    writefile("/proc/self/uid_map", "0 %d 1" % uid)
-    writefile("/proc/self/gid_map", "0 %d 1" % gid)
+    # parent <- "unshared"
+    _ = os.write(unshared_tx, "U")
+    assert _ == 1, _
+
+    # <- parent "uid/gid map setup complete"
+    _ = os.read(mapsetup_rx, 1)
+    assert _ == "M", `_`
+
+    # update uid/gid maps trivially (uid/gid 0 inside = `unshare -r`) if parent failed.
+    if readfile("/proc/self/uid_map") == "":
+        writefile("/proc/self/uid_map", "0 %d 1" % uid)
+    if readfile("/proc/self/gid_map") == "":
+        writefile("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny")
+        writefile("/proc/self/gid_map", "0 %d 1" % gid)
 
 
     # mount new tmpfs