Evn though the kernel not generally releasing mmap_sem on IO caused by
pagefault.

* master:
  lib.xnumpy.structured: New utility to create structured view of an array
  bigarray: Factor-out our custom numpy.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided-alike into lib/xnumpy.py

Structured creates view of the array interpreting its minor axis as fully covered by a dtype.

It is similar to arr.view(dtype) + corresponding reshape, but does
not have limitations of ndarray.view(). For example:

  In [1]: a = np.arange(3*3, dtype=np.int32).reshape((3,3))

  In [2]: a
  Out[2]:
  array([[0, 1, 2],
         [3, 4, 5],
         [6, 7, 8]], dtype=int32)

  In [3]: b = a[:2,:2]

  In [4]: b
  Out[4]:
  array([[0, 1],
         [3, 4]], dtype=int32)

  In [5]: dtxy = np.dtype([('x', np.int32), ('y', np.int32)])

  In [6]: dtxy
  Out[6]: dtype([('x', '<i4'), ('y', '<i4')])

  In [7]: b.view(dtxy)
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
  <ipython-input-66-af98529aa150> in <module>()
  ----> 1 b.view(dtxy)

  ValueError: To change to a dtype of a different size, the array must be C-contiguous

  In [8]: structured(b, dtxy)
  Out[8]: array([(0, 1), (3, 4)], dtype=[('x', '<i4'), ('y', '<i4')])

Structured always creates view and never copies data.

Here is original context where separately playing with .shape and .dtype
was not enough, since it was creating array copy and OOM'ing the machine:

klaus/wendelin@cbe4938b

We are going to use this code in another place, so move this out to
dommon place as a preparatory step first.

On a related note: Since ArrayRef is generic and quite independent from
BigArray (it only supports it, but equally it supports just other - e.g.
plain arrays), the proper place for it might be also to be lib/xnumpy.py .
We might get to this topic a bit later.

* nxd/master:
  bigarray: RAMArray
  bigarray/tests: Factor out a way to spcify on which BigFile/BigFileH an array is tested into fixture parameter

Currently fails with:

/home/kirr/src/wendelin/wendelin.core/lib/xnumpy.py in restructure(arr, dtype)
     82     print 'stridev:', stridev
     83     #return np.ndarray.__new__(type(arr), shape, dtype, buffer(arr), 0, stridev)
---> 84     return np.ndarray(shape, dtype, buffer(arr), 0, stridev)

TypeError: expected a single-segment buffer object