* origin/master:
  neoctl: make 'print ids' command display time of TIDs
  mysql: force _getNextTID() to use appropriate/whole index

Currently, the command "neoctl [arguments] print ids" has the following output:

    last_oid = 0x...
    last_tid = 0x...
    last_ptid = ...

or

    backup_tid = 0x...
    last_tid = 0x...
    last_ptid = ...

depending on whether the cluster is in normal or backup mode.

This is extremely unreadable since the admin is often interested in the time that corresponds to each tid. Now the output is:

    last_oid = 0x...
    last_tid = 0x... (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.ssssss)
    last_ptid = ...

or

    backup_tid = 0x... (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.ssssss)
    last_tid = 0x... (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.ssssss)
    last_ptid = ...

/reviewed-on !2

Similarly to 13911ca3 on the same instance after MariaDB was upgraded to
10.1.17 the following query, even after `OPTIMIZE TABLE obj`, started to execute
very slowly:

    MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT tid FROM neo1.obj WHERE `partition`=5 AND oid=79613 AND tid>268707071353462798 ORDER BY tid LIMIT 1;
    +--------------------+
    | tid                |
    +--------------------+
    | 268707072758797063 |
    +--------------------+
    1 row in set (4.82 sec)

Both explain and analyze says the query will/is using `partition` key but only partially (note key_len is only 10, not 18):

    MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW INDEX FROM neo1.obj;
    +-------+------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
    | Table | Non_unique | Key_name  | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
    +-------+------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
    | obj   |          0 | PRIMARY   |            1 | partition   | A         |    28755928 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
    | obj   |          0 | PRIMARY   |            2 | tid         | A         |    28755928 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
    | obj   |          0 | PRIMARY   |            3 | oid         | A         |    28755928 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
    | obj   |          0 | partition |            1 | partition   | A         |    28755928 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
    | obj   |          0 | partition |            2 | oid         | A         |    28755928 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
    | obj   |          0 | partition |            3 | tid         | A         |    28755928 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
    | obj   |          1 | data_id   |            1 | data_id     | A         |    28755928 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
    +-------+------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
    7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    MariaDB [(none)]> explain SELECT tid FROM neo1.obj WHERE `partition`=5 AND oid=79613 AND tid>268707071353462798 ORDER BY tid LIMIT 1;
    +------+-------------+-------+------+-------------------+-----------+---------+-------------+------+--------------------------+
    | id   | select_type | table | type | possible_keys     | key       | key_len | ref         | rows | Extra                    |
    +------+-------------+-------+------+-------------------+-----------+---------+-------------+------+--------------------------+
    |    1 | SIMPLE      | obj   | ref  | PRIMARY,partition | partition | 10      | const,const |    2 | Using where; Using index |
    +------+-------------+-------+------+-------------------+-----------+---------+-------------+------+--------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    MariaDB [(none)]> analyze SELECT tid FROM neo1.obj WHERE `partition`=5 AND oid=79613 AND tid>268707071353462798 ORDER BY tid LIMIT 1;
    +------+-------------+-------+------+-------------------+-----------+---------+-------------+------+------------+----------+------------+--------------------------+
    | id   | select_type | table | type | possible_keys     | key       | key_len | ref         | rows | r_rows     | filtered | r_filtered | Extra                    |
    +------+-------------+-------+------+-------------------+-----------+---------+-------------+------+------------+----------+------------+--------------------------+
    |    1 | SIMPLE      | obj   | ref  | PRIMARY,partition | partition | 10      | const,const |    2 | 9741121.00 |   100.00 |       0.00 | Using where; Using index |
    +------+-------------+-------+------+-------------------+-----------+---------+-------------+------+------------+----------+------------+--------------------------+
    1 row in set (4.93 sec)

By explicitly forcing (partition, oid, tid) index usage which is precisely designed to serve this and similar queries can avoid the query from being slow:

    MariaDB [(none)]> analyze SELECT tid FROM neo1.obj FORCE INDEX(`partition`) WHERE `partition`=5 AND oid=79613 AND tid>268707071353462798 ORDER BY tid LIMIT 1;
    +------+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+--------+----------+------------+--------------------------+
    | id   | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key       | key_len | ref  | rows | r_rows | filtered | r_filtered | Extra                    |
    +------+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+--------+----------+------------+--------------------------+
    |    1 | SIMPLE      | obj   | range | partition     | partition | 18      | NULL |    2 |   1.00 |   100.00 |     100.00 | Using where; Using index |
    +------+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+--------+----------+------------+--------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

/cc @jm, @vpelltier, @Tyagov

/reviewed-on nexedi/neoppod!1

* origin/master:
  Add support for latest versions of ZODB (4.4.3 & 5.0.1)

Many patches have been merged upstream :)

A notable change is that lastTransaction() does not ping the master anymore
(but it still causes a connection to the master if the client is disconnected).

After partitions were dropped with TokuDB, we had a case where MariaDB 10.1.14
stopped using the most appropriate index.

MariaDB [neo0]> explain SELECT DISTINCT data_id FROM obj WHERE `partition`=5;
+------+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------------+
| id   | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                                 |
+------+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------------+
|    1 | SIMPLE      | obj   | range | PRIMARY,partition | data_id | 11      | NULL |   10 | Using where; Using index for group-by |
+------+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------+---------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------------+
MariaDB [neo0]> SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE DISTINCT data_id FROM obj WHERE `partition`=5;
Empty set (1 min 51.47 sec)

Expected:

MariaDB [neo1]> explain SELECT DISTINCT data_id FROM obj WHERE `partition`=4;
+------+-------------+-------+------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+------------------------------+
| id   | select_type | table | type | possible_keys     | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra                        |
+------+-------------+-------+------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+------------------------------+
|    1 | SIMPLE      | obj   | ref  | PRIMARY,partition | PRIMARY | 2       | const |    1 | Using where; Using temporary |
+------+-------------+-------+------+-------------------+---------+---------+-------+------+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [neo1]> SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE DISTINCT data_id FROM obj WHERE `partition`=4;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

Restarting the server or 'OPTIMIZE TABLE obj; ' does not help.

Such issue could prevent the cluster to start due to timeouts, by always going
back to RECOVERING state.

Freeing disk space when a cell is dropped will have to be implemented with care,
not only for performance reasons.

TRUNCATE was chosen for performance reasons, but it's usually done on small
tables, and not for performance-critical operations. TRUNCATE commits
implicitely, so for pt/ttrans in particular, it's certainly slower due to extra
fsyncs to disk.

On the other side, committing too early can corrupt the database if the storage
node is stopped just after. For example, a failure in changePartitionTable()
can cause 'pt' to remain empty.

It slowed down everything but abortFor(), which is not performance critical.

This reverts commit 7aecdada partially.
There seems to be no bug here, because:
- abortFor() is only called upon a notification from the master that a client
  is disconnected,
- and from the same TCP connection, we only receive a LockInformation packet
  if there's still such a transaction on the master side.

The code removed in abortFor() was redundant with abort().

There was a bug that connections were not maintained during a TPC,
which caused transactions to be aborted when the limit was reached.

Given that oids are spreaded evenly over all partitions, and that clients always
write to all cells of each involved partitions, clients would spend their time
reconnecting to storage nodes as soon as the limit is reached. So such feature
really looks counter-productive.

Client nodes ignored the state of the connection to the master node when reading
data from storage, as long as their partition tables were recent enough. This
way, they were able to finish read-only transactions even if they could't reach
the master, which could be useful for high availability. The downside is that
the master node ignored that their node ids were still used, which causes "uuid"
conflicts when reallocating them.

Rejected solutions:
- An unused NEO Storage should not insist in staying connected to master node.
- Reverting to big random node identifiers is a lot of work and it would make
  debugging annoying (see commit 23fad3af).
- Always increasing node ids could have been a simple solution if we accepted
  that the cluster dies after that all 2^24 possible ids were allocated.

Given that reading from storage without being connected to the master can only
be useful to finish the current transaction (because we always ping the master
at the beginning of every transaction), keeping such feature is not worth the
effort.

This commit fixes id conflicts in a very simple way, by clearing the partition
table upon primary node failure, which forces reconnection to the master before
querying any storage node. In such case, we raise a special exception that will
cause the transaction to be restarted, so that the user does not get errors for
temporary connection failures.