Fix concurrency issue with migration for user_interacted_projects table.

The concurrency issue originates from inserts on
`user_interacted_projects` from the app while running the post-deploy
migration.

This change comes with a strategy to lock the table while removing
duplicates and creating the unique index (and similar for FK
constraints).

Also, we'll have a non-unique index until the post-deploy migration is
finished to speed up queries during that time.

Closes #44205.

db/migrate/20180223120443_create_user_interacted_projects_table.rb

@@ -3,13 +3,15 @@ class CreateUserInteractedProjectsTable < ActiveRecord::Migration
 
   DOWNTIME = false
 
-  disable_ddl_transaction!
+  INDEX_NAME = 'user_interacted_projects_non_unique_index'
 
   def up
     create_table :user_interacted_projects, id: false do |t|
       t.references :user, null: false
       t.references :project, null: false
     end
+
+    add_index :user_interacted_projects, [:project_id, :user_id], name: INDEX_NAME
   end
 
   def down

db/post_migrate/20180223124427_build_user_interacted_projects_table.rb

+require_relative '../migrate/20180223120443_create_user_interacted_projects_table.rb'
+# rubocop:disable AddIndex
+# rubocop:disable AddConcurrentForeignKey
 class BuildUserInteractedProjectsTable < ActiveRecord::Migration
   include Gitlab::Database::MigrationHelpers
 
   # Set this constant to true if this migration requires downtime.
   DOWNTIME = false
 
+  UNIQUE_INDEX_NAME = 'index_user_interacted_projects_on_project_id_and_user_id'
+
   disable_ddl_transaction!
 
   def up
@@ -13,16 +18,8 @@ class BuildUserInteractedProjectsTable < ActiveRecord::Migration
       MysqlStrategy.new
     end.up
 
-    unless index_exists?(:user_interacted_projects, [:project_id, :user_id])
-      add_concurrent_index :user_interacted_projects, [:project_id, :user_id], unique: true
-    end
-
-    unless foreign_key_exists?(:user_interacted_projects, :user_id)
-      add_concurrent_foreign_key :user_interacted_projects, :users, column: :user_id, on_delete: :cascade
-    end
-
-    unless foreign_key_exists?(:user_interacted_projects, :project_id)
-      add_concurrent_foreign_key :user_interacted_projects, :projects, column: :project_id, on_delete: :cascade
+    if index_exists_by_name?(:user_interacted_projects, CreateUserInteractedProjectsTable::INDEX_NAME)
+      remove_concurrent_index_by_name :user_interacted_projects, CreateUserInteractedProjectsTable::INDEX_NAME
     end
   end
 
@@ -37,31 +34,16 @@ class BuildUserInteractedProjectsTable < ActiveRecord::Migration
       remove_foreign_key :user_interacted_projects, :projects
     end
 
-    if index_exists_by_name?(:user_interacted_projects, 'index_user_interacted_projects_on_project_id_and_user_id')
-      remove_concurrent_index_by_name :user_interacted_projects, 'index_user_interacted_projects_on_project_id_and_user_id'
+    if index_exists_by_name?(:user_interacted_projects, UNIQUE_INDEX_NAME)
+      remove_concurrent_index_by_name :user_interacted_projects, UNIQUE_INDEX_NAME
     end
-  end
 
-  private
-
-  # Rails' index_exists? doesn't work when you only give it a table and index
-  # name. As such we have to use some extra code to check if an index exists for
-  # a given name.
-  def index_exists_by_name?(table, index)
-    indexes_for_table[table].include?(index)
-  end
-
-  def indexes_for_table
-    @indexes_for_table ||= Hash.new do |hash, table_name|
-      hash[table_name] = indexes(table_name).map(&:name)
+    unless index_exists_by_name?(:user_interacted_projects, CreateUserInteractedProjectsTable::INDEX_NAME)
+      add_concurrent_index :user_interacted_projects, [:project_id, :user_id], name: CreateUserInteractedProjectsTable::INDEX_NAME
     end
   end
 
-  def foreign_key_exists?(table, column)
-    foreign_keys(table).any? do |key|
-      key.options[:column] == column.to_s
-    end
-  end
+  private
 
   class PostgresStrategy < ActiveRecord::Migration
     include Gitlab::Database::MigrationHelpers
@@ -71,33 +53,86 @@ class BuildUserInteractedProjectsTable < ActiveRecord::Migration
 
     def up
       with_index(:events, [:author_id, :project_id], name: 'events_user_interactions_temp', where: 'project_id IS NOT NULL') do
-        iteration = 0
-        records = 0
-        begin
-          Rails.logger.info "Building user_interacted_projects table, batch ##{iteration}"
-          result = execute <<~SQL
+        insert_missing_records
+
+        # Do this once without lock to speed up the second invocation
+        remove_duplicates
+        with_table_lock(:user_interacted_projects) do
+          remove_duplicates
+          create_unique_index
+        end
+
+        remove_without_project
+        with_table_lock(:user_interacted_projects, :projects) do
+          remove_without_project
+          create_fk :user_interacted_projects, :projects, :project_id
+        end
+
+        remove_without_user
+        with_table_lock(:user_interacted_projects, :users) do
+          remove_without_user
+          create_fk :user_interacted_projects, :users, :user_id
+        end
+      end
+
+      execute "ANALYZE user_interacted_projects"
+    end
+
+    private
+    def insert_missing_records
+      iteration = 0
+      records = 0
+      begin
+        Rails.logger.info "Building user_interacted_projects table, batch ##{iteration}"
+        result = execute <<~SQL
             INSERT INTO user_interacted_projects (user_id, project_id)
             SELECT e.user_id, e.project_id
             FROM (SELECT DISTINCT author_id AS user_id, project_id FROM events WHERE project_id IS NOT NULL) AS e
             LEFT JOIN user_interacted_projects ucp USING (user_id, project_id)
             WHERE ucp.user_id IS NULL
             LIMIT #{BATCH_SIZE}
-          SQL
-          iteration += 1
-          records += result.cmd_tuples
-          Rails.logger.info "Building user_interacted_projects table, batch ##{iteration} complete, created #{records} overall"
-          Kernel.sleep(SLEEP_TIME) if result.cmd_tuples > 0
-        rescue ActiveRecord::InvalidForeignKey => e
-          Rails.logger.info "Retry on InvalidForeignKey: #{e}"
-          retry
-        end while result.cmd_tuples > 0
-      end
+        SQL
+        iteration += 1
+        records += result.cmd_tuples
+        Rails.logger.info "Building user_interacted_projects table, batch ##{iteration} complete, created #{records} overall"
+        Kernel.sleep(SLEEP_TIME) if result.cmd_tuples > 0
+      end while result.cmd_tuples > 0
+    end
 
-      execute "ANALYZE user_interacted_projects"
+    def remove_duplicates
+      execute <<~SQL
+        WITH numbered AS (select ctid, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY (user_id, project_id)) as row_number, user_id, project_id from user_interacted_projects)
+        DELETE FROM user_interacted_projects WHERE ctid IN (SELECT ctid FROM numbered WHERE row_number > 1);
+      SQL
+    end
 
+    def remove_without_project
+      execute "DELETE FROM user_interacted_projects WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM projects WHERE id = user_interacted_projects.project_id)"
     end
 
-    private
+    def remove_without_user
+      execute "DELETE FROM user_interacted_projects WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM users WHERE id = user_interacted_projects.user_id)"
+    end
+
+    def create_fk(table, target, column)
+      return if foreign_key_exists?(table, column)
+
+      add_foreign_key table, target, column: column, on_delete: :cascade
+    end
+
+    def create_unique_index
+      return if index_exists_by_name?(:user_interacted_projects, UNIQUE_INDEX_NAME)
+
+      add_index :user_interacted_projects, [:project_id, :user_id], unique: true, name: UNIQUE_INDEX_NAME
+    end
+
+    # Protect table against concurrent data changes while still allowing reads
+    def with_table_lock(*tables)
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connection.transaction do
+        execute "LOCK TABLE #{tables.join(", ")} IN SHARE MODE"
+        yield
+      end
+    end
 
     def with_index(*args)
       add_concurrent_index(*args) unless index_exists?(*args)
@@ -118,7 +153,18 @@ class BuildUserInteractedProjectsTable < ActiveRecord::Migration
         LEFT JOIN user_interacted_projects ucp USING (user_id, project_id)
         WHERE ucp.user_id IS NULL
       SQL
+
+      unless index_exists?(:user_interacted_projects, [:project_id, :user_id])
+        add_concurrent_index :user_interacted_projects, [:project_id, :user_id], unique: true, name: UNIQUE_INDEX_NAME
+      end
+
+      unless foreign_key_exists?(:user_interacted_projects, :user_id)
+        add_concurrent_foreign_key :user_interacted_projects, :users, column: :user_id, on_delete: :cascade
+      end
+
+      unless foreign_key_exists?(:user_interacted_projects, :project_id)
+        add_concurrent_foreign_key :user_interacted_projects, :projects, column: :project_id, on_delete: :cascade
+      end
     end
   end
-
 end

lib/gitlab/database/migration_helpers.rb

@@ -859,6 +859,19 @@ into similar problems in the future (e.g. when new tables are created).
           BackgroundMigrationWorker.perform_in(delay_interval * index, job_class_name, [start_id, end_id])
         end
       end
+
+      def foreign_key_exists?(table, column)
+        foreign_keys(table).any? do |key|
+          key.options[:column] == column.to_s
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Rails' index_exists? doesn't work when you only give it a table and index
+      # name. As such we have to use some extra code to check if an index exists for
+      # a given name.
+      def index_exists_by_name?(table, index)
+        indexes(table).map(&:name).include?(index)
+      end
     end
   end
 end