Rework how recent push events are retrieved

Whenever you push to a branch GitLab will show a button to create a
merge request (should one not exist already). The underlying code to
display this data was quite inefficient. For example, it involved
multiple slow queries just to figure out what the most recent push event
was.

This commit changes the way this data is retrieved so it's much faster.
This is achieved by caching the ID of the last push event on every push,
which is then retrieved when loading certain pages. Database queries are
only executed if necessary and the cached data is removed automatically
once a merge request has been created, or 2 hours after being stored.

A trade-off of this approach is that we _only_ track the last event.
Previously if you were to push to branch A and B then create a merge
request for branch B we'd still show the widget for branch A. As of this
commit this is no longer the case, instead we will only show the widget
for the branch you pushed to most recently. Once a merge request exists
the widget is no longer displayed. Alternative solutions are either too
complex and/or too slow, hence the decision was made to settle for this
trade-off.

Performance Impact
------------------

In the best case scenario (= a user didn't push anything for more than 2
hours) we perform a single Redis GET per page. Should there be cached
data we will run a single (and lightweight) SQL query to get the
event data from the database. If a merge request already exists we will
run an additional DEL to remove the cache key.

The difference in response timings can vary a bit per project. On
GitLab.com the 99th percentile of time spent in User#recent_push hovers
between 100 milliseconds and 1 second, while the mean hovers around 50
milliseconds. With the changes in this MR the expected time spent in
User#recent_push is expected to be reduced down to just a few
milliseconds.

Fixes https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/35990

app/helpers/projects_helper.rb

@@ -137,15 +137,7 @@ module ProjectsHelper
   end
 
   def last_push_event
-    return unless current_user
-    return current_user.recent_push unless @project
-
-    project_ids = [@project.id]
-    if fork = current_user.fork_of(@project)
-      project_ids << fork.id
-    end
-
-    current_user.recent_push(project_ids)
+    current_user&.recent_push(@project)
   end
 
   def project_feature_access_select(field)

app/models/event.rb

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class Event < ActiveRecord::Base
   belongs_to :author, class_name: "User"
   belongs_to :project
   belongs_to :target, polymorphic: true # rubocop:disable Cop/PolymorphicAssociations
-  has_one :push_event_payload, foreign_key: :event_id
+  has_one :push_event_payload
 
   # Callbacks
   after_create :reset_project_activity

app/models/push_event.rb

@@ -30,6 +30,44 @@ class PushEvent < Event
   delegate :commit_count, to: :push_event_payload
   alias_method :commits_count, :commit_count
 
+  # Returns events of pushes that either pushed to an existing ref or created a
+  # new one.
+  def self.created_or_pushed
+    actions = [
+      PushEventPayload.actions[:pushed],
+      PushEventPayload.actions[:created]
+    ]
+
+    joins(:push_event_payload)
+      .where(push_event_payloads: { action: actions })
+  end
+
+  # Returns events of pushes to a branch.
+  def self.branch_events
+    ref_type = PushEventPayload.ref_types[:branch]
+
+    joins(:push_event_payload)
+      .where(push_event_payloads: { ref_type: ref_type })
+  end
+
+  # Returns PushEvent instances for which no merge requests have been created.
+  def self.without_existing_merge_requests
+    existing_mrs = MergeRequest.except(:order)
+      .select(1)
+      .where('merge_requests.source_project_id = events.project_id')
+      .where('merge_requests.source_branch = push_event_payloads.ref')
+
+    # For reasons unknown the use of #eager_load will result in the
+    # "push_event_payload" association not being set. Because of this we're
+    # using "joins" here, which does mean an additional query needs to be
+    # executed in order to retrieve the "push_event_association" when the
+    # returned PushEvent is used.
+    joins(:push_event_payload)
+      .where('NOT EXISTS (?)', existing_mrs)
+      .created_or_pushed
+      .branch_events
+  end
+
   def self.sti_name
     PUSHED
   end

app/models/user.rb

@@ -651,20 +651,13 @@ class User < ActiveRecord::Base
     @personal_projects_count ||= personal_projects.count
   end
 
-  def recent_push(project_ids = nil)
-    # Get push events not earlier than 2 hours ago
-    events = recent_events.code_push.where("created_at > ?", Time.now - 2.hours)
-    events = events.where(project_id: project_ids) if project_ids
+  def recent_push(project = nil)
+    service = Users::LastPushEventService.new(self)
 
-    # Use the latest event that has not been pushed or merged recently
-    events.includes(:project).recent.find do |event|
-      next unless event.project.repository.branch_exists?(event.branch_name)
-
-      merge_requests = MergeRequest.where("created_at >= ?", event.created_at)
-        .where(source_project_id: event.project.id,
-               source_branch: event.branch_name)
-
-      merge_requests.empty?
+    if project
+      service.last_event_for_project(project)
+    else
+      service.last_event_for_user
     end
   end
 

app/services/event_create_service.rb

@@ -74,12 +74,19 @@ class EventCreateService
     # We're using an explicit transaction here so that any errors that may occur
     # when creating push payload data will result in the event creation being
     # rolled back as well.
-    Event.transaction do
-      event = create_event(project, current_user, Event::PUSHED)
+    event = Event.transaction do
+      new_event = create_event(project, current_user, Event::PUSHED)
 
-      PushEventPayloadService.new(event, push_data).execute
+      PushEventPayloadService
+        .new(new_event, push_data)
+        .execute
+
+      new_event
     end
 
+    Users::LastPushEventService.new(current_user)
+      .cache_last_push_event(event)
+
     Users::ActivityService.new(current_user, 'push').execute
   end
 

app/services/users/last_push_event_service.rb

+module Users
+  # Service class for caching and retrieving the last push event of a user.
+  class LastPushEventService
+    EXPIRATION = 2.hours
+
+    def initialize(user)
+      @user = user
+    end
+
+    # Caches the given push event for the current user in the Rails cache.
+    #
+    # event - An instance of PushEvent to cache.
+    def cache_last_push_event(event)
+      keys = [
+        project_cache_key(event.project),
+        user_cache_key
+      ]
+
+      if event.project.forked?
+        keys << project_cache_key(event.project.forked_from_project)
+      end
+
+      keys.each { |key| set_key(key, event.id) }
+    end
+
+    # Returns the last PushEvent for the current user.
+    #
+    # This method will return nil if no event was found.
+    def last_event_for_user
+      find_cached_event(user_cache_key)
+    end
+
+    # Returns the last PushEvent for the current user and the given project.
+    #
+    # project - An instance of Project for which to retrieve the PushEvent.
+    #
+    # This method will return nil if no event was found.
+    def last_event_for_project(project)
+      find_cached_event(project_cache_key(project))
+    end
+
+    def find_cached_event(cache_key)
+      event_id = get_key(cache_key)
+
+      return unless event_id
+
+      unless (event = find_event_in_database(event_id))
+        # We don't want to keep querying the same data over and over when a
+        # merge request has been created, thus we remove the key if no event
+        # (meaning an MR was created) is returned.
+        Rails.cache.delete(cache_key)
+      end
+
+      event
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def find_event_in_database(id)
+      PushEvent
+        .without_existing_merge_requests
+        .find_by(id: id)
+    end
+
+    def user_cache_key
+      "last-push-event/#{@user.id}"
+    end
+
+    def project_cache_key(project)
+      "last-push-event/#{@user.id}/#{project.id}"
+    end
+
+    def get_key(key)
+      Rails.cache.read(key, raw: true)
+    end
+
+    def set_key(key, value)
+      # We're using raw values here since this takes up less space and we don't
+      # store complex objects.
+      Rails.cache.write(key, value, raw: true, expires_in: EXPIRATION)
+    end
+  end
+end

changelogs/unreleased/user-recent-push.yml

+---
+title: Rework how recent push events are retrieved
+merge_request:
+author:
+type: other

spec/features/dashboard/projects_spec.rb

@@ -83,12 +83,14 @@ feature 'Dashboard Projects' do
     end
   end
 
-  context 'last push widget' do
+  context 'last push widget', :use_clean_rails_memory_store_caching do
     before do
       event = create(:push_event, project: project, author: user)
 
       create(:push_event_payload, event: event, ref: 'feature', action: :created)
 
+      Users::LastPushEventService.new(user).cache_last_push_event(event)
+
       visit dashboard_projects_path
     end
 

spec/helpers/projects_helper_spec.rb

@@ -313,23 +313,10 @@ describe ProjectsHelper do
 
     it 'returns recent push on the current project' do
       event = double(:event)
-      expect(user).to receive(:recent_push).with([project.id]).and_return(event)
+      expect(user).to receive(:recent_push).with(project).and_return(event)
 
       expect(helper.last_push_event).to eq(event)
     end
-
-    context 'when current user has a fork of the current project' do
-      let(:fork) { double(:fork, id: 2) }
-
-      it 'returns recent push considering fork events' do
-        expect(user).to receive(:fork_of).with(project).and_return(fork)
-
-        event_on_fork = double(:event)
-        expect(user).to receive(:recent_push).with([project.id, fork.id]).and_return(event_on_fork)
-
-        expect(helper.last_push_event).to eq(event_on_fork)
-      end
-    end
   end
 
   describe "#project_feature_access_select" do

spec/models/push_event_spec.rb

@@ -11,6 +11,94 @@ describe PushEvent do
     event
   end
 
+  describe '.created_or_pushed' do
+    let(:event1) { create(:push_event) }
+    let(:event2) { create(:push_event) }
+    let(:event3) { create(:push_event) }
+
+    before do
+      create(:push_event_payload, event: event1, action: :pushed)
+      create(:push_event_payload, event: event2, action: :created)
+      create(:push_event_payload, event: event3, action: :removed)
+    end
+
+    let(:relation) { described_class.created_or_pushed }
+
+    it 'includes events for pushing to existing refs' do
+      expect(relation).to include(event1)
+    end
+
+    it 'includes events for creating new refs' do
+      expect(relation).to include(event2)
+    end
+
+    it 'does not include events for removing refs' do
+      expect(relation).not_to include(event3)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.branch_events' do
+    let(:event1) { create(:push_event) }
+    let(:event2) { create(:push_event) }
+
+    before do
+      create(:push_event_payload, event: event1, ref_type: :branch)
+      create(:push_event_payload, event: event2, ref_type: :tag)
+    end
+
+    let(:relation) { described_class.branch_events }
+
+    it 'includes events for branches' do
+      expect(relation).to include(event1)
+    end
+
+    it 'does not include events for tags' do
+      expect(relation).not_to include(event2)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.without_existing_merge_requests' do
+    let(:project) { create(:project, :repository) }
+    let(:event1) { create(:push_event, project: project) }
+    let(:event2) { create(:push_event, project: project) }
+    let(:event3) { create(:push_event, project: project) }
+    let(:event4) { create(:push_event, project: project) }
+
+    before do
+      create(:push_event_payload, event: event1, ref: 'foo', action: :created)
+      create(:push_event_payload, event: event2, ref: 'bar', action: :created)
+      create(:push_event_payload, event: event3, ref: 'baz', action: :removed)
+      create(:push_event_payload, event: event4, ref: 'baz', ref_type: :tag)
+
+      project.repository.create_branch('bar', 'master')
+
+      create(
+        :merge_request,
+        source_project: project,
+        target_project: project,
+        source_branch: 'bar'
+      )
+    end
+
+    let(:relation) { described_class.without_existing_merge_requests }
+
+    it 'includes events that do not have a corresponding merge request' do
+      expect(relation).to include(event1)
+    end
+
+    it 'does not include events that have a corresponding merge request' do
+      expect(relation).not_to include(event2)
+    end
+
+    it 'does not include events for removed refs' do
+      expect(relation).not_to include(event3)
+    end
+
+    it 'does not include events for pushing to tags' do
+      expect(relation).not_to include(event4)
+    end
+  end
+
   describe '.sti_name' do
     it 'returns Event::PUSHED' do
       expect(described_class.sti_name).to eq(Event::PUSHED)

spec/models/user_spec.rb

@@ -1349,56 +1349,24 @@ describe User do
   end
 
   describe "#recent_push" do
-    subject { create(:user) }
-    let!(:project1) { create(:project, :repository) }
-    let!(:project2) { create(:project, :repository, forked_from_project: project1) }
-
-    let!(:push_event) do
-      event = create(:push_event, project: project2, author: subject)
-
-      create(:push_event_payload,
-             event: event,
-             commit_to: '1cf19a015df3523caf0a1f9d40c98a267d6a2fc2',
-             commit_count: 0,
-             ref: 'master')
-
-      event
-    end
-
-    before do
-      project1.team << [subject, :master]
-      project2.team << [subject, :master]
-    end
-
-    it "includes push event" do
-      expect(subject.recent_push).to eq(push_event)
-    end
-
-    it "excludes push event if branch has been deleted" do
-      allow_any_instance_of(Repository).to receive(:branch_exists?).with('master').and_return(false)
-
-      expect(subject.recent_push).to eq(nil)
-    end
+    let(:user) { build(:user) }
+    let(:project) { build(:project) }
+    let(:event) { build(:push_event) }
 
-    it "excludes push event if MR is opened for it" do
-      create(:merge_request, source_project: project2, target_project: project1, source_branch: project2.default_branch, target_branch: 'fix', author: subject)
+    it 'returns the last push event for the user' do
+      expect_any_instance_of(Users::LastPushEventService)
+        .to receive(:last_event_for_user)
+        .and_return(event)
 
-      expect(subject.recent_push).to eq(nil)
+      expect(user.recent_push).to eq(event)
     end
 
-    it "includes push events on any of the provided projects" do
-      expect(subject.recent_push(project1)).to eq(nil)
-      expect(subject.recent_push(project2)).to eq(push_event)
-
-      push_event1 = create(:push_event, project: project1, author: subject)
-
-      create(:push_event_payload,
-             event: push_event1,
-             commit_to: '1cf19a015df3523caf0a1f9d40c98a267d6a2fc2',
-             commit_count: 0,
-             ref: 'master')
+    it 'returns the last push event for a project when one is given' do
+      expect_any_instance_of(Users::LastPushEventService)
+        .to receive(:last_event_for_project)
+        .and_return(event)
 
-      expect(subject.recent_push([project1, project2])).to eq(push_event1) # Newest
+      expect(user.recent_push(project)).to eq(event)
     end
   end
 

spec/services/event_create_service_spec.rb

@@ -149,6 +149,14 @@ describe EventCreateService do
         .to change { user_activity(user) }
     end
 
+    it 'caches the last push event for the user' do
+      expect_any_instance_of(Users::LastPushEventService)
+        .to receive(:cache_last_push_event)
+        .with(an_instance_of(PushEvent))
+
+      service.push(project, user, push_data)
+    end
+
     it 'does not create any event data when an error is raised' do
       payload_service = double(:service)
 

spec/services/users/last_push_event_service_spec.rb

+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe Users::LastPushEventService do
+  let(:user) { build(:user, id: 1) }
+  let(:project) { build(:project, id: 2) }
+  let(:event) { build(:push_event, id: 3, author: user, project: project) }
+  let(:service) { described_class.new(user) }
+
+  describe '#cache_last_push_event' do
+    it "caches the event for the event's project and current user" do
+      expect(service).to receive(:set_key)
+        .ordered
+        .with('last-push-event/1/2', 3)
+
+      expect(service).to receive(:set_key)
+        .ordered
+        .with('last-push-event/1', 3)
+
+      service.cache_last_push_event(event)
+    end
+
+    it 'caches the event for the origin project when pushing to a fork' do
+      source = build(:project, id: 5)
+
+      allow(project).to receive(:forked?).and_return(true)
+      allow(project).to receive(:forked_from_project).and_return(source)
+
+      expect(service).to receive(:set_key)
+        .ordered
+        .with('last-push-event/1/2', 3)
+
+      expect(service).to receive(:set_key)
+        .ordered
+        .with('last-push-event/1', 3)
+
+      expect(service).to receive(:set_key)
+        .ordered
+        .with('last-push-event/1/5', 3)
+
+      service.cache_last_push_event(event)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#last_event_for_user' do
+    it 'returns the last push event for the current user' do
+      expect(service).to receive(:find_cached_event)
+        .with('last-push-event/1')
+        .and_return(event)
+
+      expect(service.last_event_for_user).to eq(event)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns nil when no push event could be found' do
+      expect(service).to receive(:find_cached_event)
+        .with('last-push-event/1')
+        .and_return(nil)
+
+      expect(service.last_event_for_user).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#last_event_for_project' do
+    it 'returns the last push event for the given project' do
+      expect(service).to receive(:find_cached_event)
+        .with('last-push-event/1/2')
+        .and_return(event)
+
+      expect(service.last_event_for_project(project)).to eq(event)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns nil when no push event could be found' do
+      expect(service).to receive(:find_cached_event)
+        .with('last-push-event/1/2')
+        .and_return(nil)
+
+      expect(service.last_event_for_project(project)).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#find_cached_event', :use_clean_rails_memory_store_caching do
+    context 'with a non-existing cache key' do
+      it 'returns nil' do
+        expect(service.find_cached_event('bla')).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'with an existing cache key' do
+      before do
+        service.cache_last_push_event(event)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns a PushEvent when no merge requests exist for the event' do
+        allow(service).to receive(:find_event_in_database)
+          .with(event.id)
+          .and_return(event)
+
+        expect(service.find_cached_event('last-push-event/1')).to eq(event)
+      end
+
+      it 'removes the cache key when no event could be found and returns nil' do
+        allow(PushEvent).to receive(:without_existing_merge_requests)
+          .and_return(PushEvent.none)
+
+        expect(Rails.cache).to receive(:delete)
+          .with('last-push-event/1')
+          .and_call_original
+
+        expect(service.find_cached_event('last-push-event/1')).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end