[ Sent upstream: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-workhorse/merge_requests/17

  This patch was sent upstream but was not accepted for "complexity"
  reason of auth cache, despite that provides more than an order of magnitude
  speedup. Just carry it with us as NXD ]

In previous patch we added code to serve blob content via running `git cat-file
...` directly, but for every such request a request to slow RoR-based auth
backend is made, which is bad for performance.

Let's cache auth backend reply for small period of time, e.g. 30 seconds, which
will change the situation dramatically:

If we have a lot of requests to the same repository, we query auth backend only
for every Nth request and with e.g. 100 raw blob request/s N=3000 which means
that previous load to RoR code essentially goes away.

On the other hand as we query auth backend only once in a while and refresh the
cache, we will not miss potential changes in project settings. I mean potential
e.g. 25 seconds delay for a project to become public, or vise versa to become
private does no real harm.

The cache is done with the idea to allow the read side codepath to execute in
parallel and to be not blocked by eventual cache updates.

Overall this improves performance a lot:

  (on a 8-CPU i7-3770S with 16GB of RAM, 2001:67c:1254:e:8b::c776 is on localhost)

  # request is handled by gitlab-workhorse, but without auth caching
  $ ./wrk -c40 -d10 -t1 --latency http://[2001:67c:1254:e:8b::c776]:7777/nexedi/slapos/raw/master/software/wendelin/software.cfg
  Running 10s test @ http://[2001:67c:1254:e:8b::c776]:7777/nexedi/slapos/raw/master/software/wendelin/software.cfg
    1 threads and 40 connections
    Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
      Latency   458.42ms   66.26ms 766.12ms   84.76%
      Req/Sec    85.38     16.59   120.00     82.00%
    Latency Distribution
       50%  459.26ms
       75%  490.09ms
       90%  523.95ms
       99%  611.33ms
    853 requests in 10.01s, 1.51MB read
  Requests/sec:     85.18
  Transfer/sec:    154.90KB

  # request goes to gitlab-workhorse with auth caching (this patch)
  $ ./wrk -c40 -d10 -t1 --latency http://[2001:67c:1254:e:8b::c776]:7777/nexedi/slapos/raw/master/software/wendelin/software.cfg
  Running 10s test @ http://[2001:67c:1254:e:8b::c776]:7777/nexedi/slapos/raw/master/software/wendelin/software.cfg
    1 threads and 40 connections
    Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
      Latency    34.52ms   19.28ms 288.63ms   74.74%
      Req/Sec     1.20k   127.21     1.39k    85.00%
    Latency Distribution
       50%   32.67ms
       75%   42.73ms
       90%   56.26ms
       99%   99.86ms
    11961 requests in 10.01s, 21.24MB read
  Requests/sec:   1194.51
  Transfer/sec:      2.12MB

i.e. it is ~ 14x improvement.