Some PCI devices may have memory mapped in a BAR space that's intended for
use in peer-to-peer transactions.  To enable such transactions the memory
must be registered with ZONE_DEVICE pages so it can be used by DMA
interfaces in existing drivers.

Add an interface for other subsystems to find and allocate chunks of P2P
memory as necessary to facilitate transfers between two PCI peers:

  struct pci_dev *pci_p2pmem_find[_many]();
  int pci_p2pdma_distance[_many]();
  void *pci_alloc_p2pmem();

The new interface requires a driver to collect a list of client devices
involved in the transaction then call pci_p2pmem_find() to obtain any
suitable P2P memory.  Alternatively, if the caller knows a device which
provides P2P memory, they can use pci_p2pdma_distance() to determine if it
is usable.  With a suitable p2pmem device, memory can then be allocated
with pci_alloc_p2pmem() for use in DMA transactions.

Depending on hardware, using peer-to-peer memory may reduce the bandwidth
of the transfer but can significantly reduce pressure on system memory.
This may be desirable in many cases: for example a system could be designed
with a small CPU connected to a PCIe switch by a small number of lanes
which would maximize the number of lanes available to connect to NVMe
devices.

The code is designed to only utilize the p2pmem device if all the devices
involved in a transfer are behind the same PCI bridge.  This is because we
have no way of knowing whether peer-to-peer routing between PCIe Root Ports
is supported (PCIe r4.0, sec 1.3.1).  Additionally, the benefits of P2P
transfers that go through the RC is limited to only reducing DRAM usage
and, in some cases, coding convenience.  The PCI-SIG may be exploring
adding a new capability bit to advertise whether this is possible for
future hardware.

This commit includes significant rework and feedback from Christoph
Hellwig.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
[bhelgaas: fold in fix from Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>:
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-pci/20181012155920.15418-1-keith.busch@intel.com,
to address comment from Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>, fold in
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-pci/20181017160510.17926-1-logang@deltatee.com]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>