This is a version of a patch I sent out last Friday to help
address some of the "bad entry" errors that some folk
were seeing, seemingly only with control requests.  The fix
is just to not try being clever: remove one TD at a time and
patch the ED as if that TD had completed normally, then do
the next ... don't try to patch just once in this fault case.
(And it nukes some debug info I accidently submitted.)

I've gotten preliminary feedback that this helps.

This patch splits up the usb structures to have two structs,
"usb_XXX_descriptor" with just the descriptor, and "usb_host_XXX" (or
something similar) to wrap it and add the "extra" pointers plus the
array of related descriptors that the host parsed during enumeration.
(2 or 3 words extra in each"usb_host_XXX".)  This further matches the
"on the wire" data and enables the gadget drivers to share the same
header file.

Covers all the linux/drivers/usb/* and linux/sound/usb/* stuff, but
not a handful of other drivers (bluetooth, iforce, hisax, irda) that
are out of the usb tree and will likely be affected.

In ush.h, there's a FIXME for the URB transfer flags. This patch is
basically a global search and replace to change those all from USB_ to
URB_.

It touches a few things that aren't directly USB-related, and so should
probably be passed by those authors, but I figured i should put it here to
get feedback (ie: "No, moron, you did it all wrong!" or "Oops, that FIXME
wasn't supposed to be there") before bothering them.

Attached patch is the result of:

dignity:~/src/linux-2.5.44 $ for x in `rgrep -l "FILL_.*URB"  *`;
do cp -v $x $x.backup;
cat $x.backup | perl -pe 's/FILL_CONTROL_URB/usb_fill_control_urb/g;
 s/FILL_BULK_URB/usb_fill_bulk_urb/g;
 s/FILL_INT_URB/usb_fill_int_urb/g;' > $x;
done

and a manual removal of the define's in usb.h.

into home.transmeta.com:/home/torvalds/v2.5/linux

 - cleanup
 - remove unneeded mark_inode_dirty() in fat_extend_dir()

This removes fat_cvf stuff, and adds printk() level. As far as I
know, all the challengers gave up porting of fat_cvf.
(This patch from Christoph Hellwig)

This removes the conv option. This option does nothing, now.
(This patch from René Scharfe)

into home.transmeta.com:/home/torvalds/v2.5/linux

into home.transmeta.com:/home/torvalds/v2.5/linux

into home.transmeta.com:/home/torvalds/v2.5/linux

into home.transmeta.com:/home/torvalds/v2.5/linux

into home.transmeta.com:/home/torvalds/v2.5/linux

into home.transmeta.com:/home/torvalds/v2.5/linux

into home.transmeta.com:/home/torvalds/v2.5/linux

  - ICE1712 - fixed Midiman M-audio Delta1010LT code
  - fixed typos in comments (es1938, intel8x0)
  - fixed quirks for Edirol UA-20 and UA-700 (USB driver)

into suse.cz:/home/perex/bk/linux-sound/linux-sound

Right now, various fields in struct request are just scattered
throughout the struct. This makes for bad cache behaviour. This patch
puts commonly referenced together fiels in the same cache lines and also
removes the prefetches in deadline_merge(). The latter was actually
hurting performance here now that struct request is sanely laid out wrt
cache.

This is worth ~40% less deadline_merge() runtime during disk intensive
tests!

Move the export to block/scsi_ioctl.c as well.

block/scsi_ioctl.c uses scsi_command_size[] to get from opcode to length
of cdb, but that is only available with SCSI enabled. Move to
block/scsi_ioctl.c from scsi/scsi.c.

When someone deleted scsi_merge, they also killed the fixes I sent to
you earlier...

- add locking comments to do_mmap_pgoff(), filemap.c

- used unsigned long for cpu flags in aio.c (Andi)

- An x86-64 typo fix from Andi.

- Fix a tpyo

- Fix an unused var warning in the stack overflow check code

- mptlan compile fix (Rasmus Andersen)

- Update misleading comment in ia32 highmem.c

- "attempting to mount an ext3 fs on a stopped md/raid1 array caused a
   divide by 0 error in ext3_fill_super.  Fix duplicates check already
   in ext2." - Angus Sawyer <angus.sawyer@dsl.pipex.com>

- Someone changed the return type of inl() again! Fix up compiler
  warnings in 3c59x.c again.

There's no need to take down pagecache after performing direct-IO reads
from a file or a blockdevice.

And when using direct access to a blockdev which has a filesystem
mounted it creates unnecessary disturbance of filesystem activity.

From Ingo

- performance optimization: do not kill threads in the same thread group
  as the OOM-ing thread. (it's still necessery to scan over every thread
  though, as it's possible to have CLONE_VM threads in a different thread
  group - we do not want those to escape the OOM-kill.)

- to not let newly created child threads slip out of the group-kill. Note
  that the 2.4 kernel's OOM handler has the same problem, and it could be
  the reason why forkbombs occasionally slip out of the OOM kill.

shrink_slab() wants to calculate

	nr_scanned_pages * seeks_per_object * entries_in_slab /
		nr_lru_pages

entries_in_slab and nr_lru_pages can vary a lot.  There is a potential
for 32-bit overflows.

I spent ages trying to avoid corner cases which cause a significant
lack of precision while preserving some clarity.  Gave up and used
do_div().  The code is called rarely - at most once per 128 kbytes of
reclaim.

The patch adds a tweak to balance_pgdat() to reduce the call rate to
shrink_slab() in the case where the zone is just a little bit below
pages_high.

Also increase SHRINK_BATCH.  The things we're shrinking are typically a
few hundred bytes, and a batchcount of 128 gives us a minimum of ten
pages or so per shrinking callout.

There's more work to do on these, for well-aligned copies.
Arjan has some stuff for that.   First step on that path is
to clean the code up, get it uninlined and have a framework for
making per-CPU-type decisions.

This patch speeds up copy_*_user for some Intel ia32 processors.  It is
based on work by Mala Anand.

It is a good win.  Around 30% for all src/dest alignments except 32/32.

In this test a fully-cached one gigabyte file was read into an
8192-byte userspace buffer using read(fd, buf, 8192).  The alignment of
the user-side buffer was altered between runs.  This is a PIII.  Times
are in seconds.

User buffer	2.5.41		2.5.41+
				patch++

0x804c000	4.373		4.343
0x804c001	10.024		6.401
0x804c002	10.002		6.347
0x804c003	10.013		6.328
0x804c004	10.105		6.273
0x804c005	10.184		6.323
0x804c006	10.179		6.322
0x804c007	10.185		6.319
0x804c008	9.725		6.347
0x804c009	9.780		6.275
0x804c00a	9.779		6.355
0x804c00b	9.778		6.350
0x804c00c	9.723		6.351
0x804c00d	9.790		6.307
0x804c00e	9.790		6.289
0x804c00f	9.785		6.294
0x804c010	9.727		6.277
0x804c011	9.779		6.251
0x804c012	9.783		6.246
0x804c013	9.786		6.245
0x804c014	9.772		6.063
0x804c015	9.919		6.237
0x804c016	9.920		6.234
0x804c017	9.918		6.237
0x804c018	9.846		6.372
0x804c019	10.060		6.294
0x804c01a	10.049		6.328
0x804c01b	10.041		6.337
0x804c01c	9.931		6.347
0x804c01d	10.013		6.273
0x804c01e	10.020		6.346
0x804c01f	10.016		6.356
0x804c020	4.442		4.366

So `rep;movsl' is slower at all non-cache-aligned offsets.

PII is using the PIII alignment.  I don't have a PII any more, but I do
recall that it demonstrated the same behaviour as the PIII.

The patch contains an enhancement (based on careful testing) from
Hirokazu Takahashi <taka@valinux.co.jp>.  In cases where source and
dest have the same alignment, but that aligment is poor, we do a short
copy of a few bytes to bring the two pointers onto a favourable
boundary and then do the big copy.

And also a bugfix from Hirokazu Takahashi.

As an added bonus, this patch decreases the kernel text by 28 kbytes.
22k of this in in .text and the rest in __ex_table.  I'm not really
sure why .text shrunk so much.

These copy routines have no special-case for constant-sized copies.  So
a lot of uaccess.h becomes dead code with this patch.  The next patch
which uninlines the copy_*_user functions cleans all that up and saves
an additional 5k.

From Rik.

"this trivial patch, against 2.5-current, exports nr_running and
 nr_iowait_tasks in /proc/stat.  With this patch in vmstat will no
 longer need to walk all the processes in the system just to determine
 the number of running and blocked processes."

When performing lookups against very sparse trees
radix_tree_gang_lookup fails to find nodes "far" to the right of the
start point.  Because it only understands sparseness in the leaf nodes,
not the intermediate nodes.

Nobody noticed this because all callers are incrementing the start
index as they walk the tree.

Change it to terminate the search when it really has inspected the last
possible node for the current tree's height.

Sort-of-but-not-really from High Dickins.

We're doing a lot of buslocked operations in the page allocator just
for debug.  Plus when they _do_ trigger, there are so many BUG_ONs in
there that it's rather hard to work out from user reports which one
actually triggered.

So redo all that and also print out some more useful info about the
page state before taking the machine out.

(And yes, we need to take the machine out.  Incorrect page handling in
there can cause file corruption).

Provide a function in core kernel to initialise a file_ra_state structure.

Perviously this was all taken care of by the fact that new struct
file's are all zeroed out.  But now a file_ra_state may be
independently allocated, and we don't want users of it to have to know
how to initialise it.

Mainly from Badari Pulavarty

Traditionally we have only supported O_DIRECT I/O at an alignment and
granularity which matches the underlying filesystem.  That typically
means that all IO must be 4k-aligned and a multiple of 4k in size.

Here, we relax that so that direct I/O happens with (typically)
512-byte alignment and multiple-of-512-byte size.

The tricky part is when a write starts and/or ends partway through a
filesystem block which has just been added.  We need to zero out the
parts of that block which lie outside the written region.

We handle that by putting appropriately-sized parts of the ZERO_PAGE
into sepatate BIOs.

The generic_direct_IO() function has been changed so that the
filesystem must pass in the address of the block_device against which
the IO is to be performed.  I'd have preferred to not do this, but we
do need that info at that time so that alignment checks can be
performed.

If the filesystem passes in a NULL block_device pointer then we fall
back to the old behaviour - must align with the fs blocksize.

There is no trivial way for userspace to know what the minimum
alignment is - it depends on what bdev_hardsect_size() says about the
device.  It is _usually_ 512 bytes, but not always.  This introduces
the risk that someone will develop and test applications which work
fine on their hardware, but will fail on someone else's hardware.

It is possible to query the hardsect size using the BLKSSZGET ioctl
against the backing block device.  This can be performed at runtime or
at application installation time.