Certain parts of the ext4 code base, primarily in mballoc.c, use a
block group number and offset from the beginning of the block group.
This offset is invariably used to index into the allocation bitmap, so
change the offset to be denominated in units of clusters.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Add bigalloc support to ext4_init_block_bitmap() and
ext4_free_blocks_after_init().
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

The function ext4_free_blocks_after_init() used to be a #define of
ext4_init_block_bitmap().  This actually made it difficult to
understand how the function worked, and made it hard make changes to
support clusters.  So as an initial cleanup, I've separated out the
functionality of initializing block bitmap from calculating the number
of free blocks in the new block group.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

This makes it easier to understand how ext4_init_block_bitmap() works,
and it will assist when we split out ext4_free_blocks_after_init() in
the next commit.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Change the places in fs/ext4/mballoc.c where EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP are
used to indicate the number of bits in a block bitmap (which is really
a cluster allocation bitmap in bigalloc file systems).  There are
still some places in the ext4 codebase where usage of
EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP needs to be audited/fixed, in code paths that
aren't used given the initial restricted assumptions for bigalloc.
These will need to be fixed before we can relax those restrictions.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

At least initially if the bigalloc feature is enabled, we will not
support non-extent mapped inodes, online resizing, online defrag, or
the FITRIM ioctl.  This simplifies the initial implementation.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

This adds supports for bigalloc file systems.  It teaches the mount
code just enough about bigalloc superblock fields that it will mount
the file system without freaking out that the number of blocks per
group is too big.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

The del_gendisk() function uninitializes the disk-specific data
structures, including the bdi structure, without telling anyone
else.  Once this happens, any attempt to call mark_buffer_dirty()
(for example, by ext4_commit_super), will cause a kernel OOPS.

Fix this for now until we can fix things in an architecturally correct
way.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

While running extended fsx tests to verify the preceeding patches,
a similar bug was also found in the write operation

When ever a write operation begins or ends in a hole,
or extends EOF, the partial page contained in the hole
or beyond EOF needs to be zeroed out.

To correct this the new ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers_no_lock
routine is used to zero out the partial page, but only for buffer
heads that are already unmapped.
Signed-off-by: Allison Henderson <achender@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

While running extended fsx tests to verify the first
two patches, a similar bug was also found in the
truncate operation.

This bug happens because the truncate routine only zeros
the unblock aligned portion of the last page.  This means
that the block aligned portions of the page appearing after
i_size are left unzeroed, and the buffer heads still mapped.

This bug is corrected by using ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers
in the truncate routine to zero the partial page and unmap
the buffer headers.
Signed-off-by: Allison Henderson <achender@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

In delayed allocation mode, it's important to only call
ext4_jbd2_file_inode when the file has been extended.  This is
necessary to avoid a race which first got introduced in commit
678aaf48, but which was made much more common with the introduction
of the "punch hole" functionality.  (Especially when dioread_nolock
was enabled; when I could reliably reproduce this problem with
xfstests #74.)

The race is this: If while trying to writeback a delayed allocation
inode, there is a need to map delalloc blocks, and we run out of space
in the journal, *and* at the same time the inode is already on the
committing transaction's t_inode_list (because for example while doing
the punch hole operation, ext4_jbd2_file_inode() is called), then the
commit operation will wait for the inode to finish all of its pending
writebacks by calling filemap_fdatawait(), but since that inode has
one or more pages with the PageWriteback flag set, the commit
operation will wait forever, and the so the writeback of the inode can
never take place, and the kjournald thread and the writeback thread
end up waiting for each other --- forever.

It's important at this point to recall why an inode is placed on the
t_inode_list; it is to provide the data=ordered guarantees that we
don't end up exposing stale data.  In the case where we are truncating
or punching a hole in the inode, there is no possibility that stale
data could be exposed in the first place, so we don't need to put the
inode on the t_inode_list!

The right long-term fix is to get rid of data=ordered mode altogether,
and only update the extent tree or indirect blocks after the data has
been written.  Until then, this change will also avoid some
unnecessary waiting in the commit operation.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Allison Henderson <achender@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

This silences some Sparse warnings:
fs/jbd2/transaction.c:135:69: warning: incorrect type in argument 2 (different base types)
fs/jbd2/transaction.c:135:69:    expected restricted gfp_t [usertype] flags
fs/jbd2/transaction.c:135:69:    got int [signed] gfp_mask
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Add debugging information in case jbd2_journal_dirty_metadata() is
called with a buffer_head which didn't have
jbd2_journal_get_write_access() called on it, or if the journal_head
has the wrong transaction in it.  In addition, return an error code.
This won't change anything for ocfs2, which will BUG_ON() the non-zero
exit code.

For ext4, the caller of this function is ext4_handle_dirty_metadata(),
and on seeing a non-zero return code, will call __ext4_journal_stop(),
which will print the function and line number of the (buggy) calling
function and abort the journal.  This will allow us to recover instead
of bug halting, which is better from a robustness and reliability
point of view.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

If the user explicitly specifies conflicting mount options for
delalloc or dioread_nolock and data=journal, fail the mount, instead
of printing a warning and continuing (since many user's won't look at
dmesg and notice the warning).

Also, print a single warning that data=journal implies that delayed
allocation is not on by default (since it's not supported), and
furthermore that O_DIRECT is not supported.  Improve the text in
Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt so this is clear there as well.

Similarly, if the dioread_nolock mount option is specified when the
file system block size != PAGE_SIZE, fail the mount instead of
printing a warning message and ignoring the mount option.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

This patch fixes a second punch hole bug found by xfstests 127.

This bug happens because punch hole needs to flush the pages
of the hole to avoid race conditions.  But if the end of the
hole is in the same page as i_size, the buffer heads beyond
i_size need to be unmapped and the page needs to be zeroed
after it is flushed.

To correct this, the new ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers
routine is used to zero and unmap the partial page
beyond i_size if the end of the hole appears in the same
page as i_size.

The code has also been optimized to set the end of the hole
to the page after i_size if the specified hole exceeds i_size,
and the code that flushes the pages has been simplified.
Signed-off-by: Allison Henderson <achender@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This patch addresses a bug found by xfstests 75, 112, 127
when blocksize = 1k

This bug happens because the punch hole code only zeros
out non block aligned regions of the page.  This means that if the
blocks are smaller than a page, then the block aligned regions of
the page inside the hole are left un-zeroed, and their buffer heads
are still mapped.  This bug is corrected by using
ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers to properly zero the partial page
at the head and tail of the hole, and unmap the corresponding buffer
heads

This patch also addresses a bug reported by Lukas while working on a
new patch to add discard support for loop devices using punch hole.
The bug happened because of the first and last block number
needed to be cast to a larger data type before calculating the
byte offset, but since now we only need the byte offsets of the
pages, we no longer even need to be calculating the byte offsets
of the blocks.  The code to do the block offset calculations is
removed in this patch.
Signed-off-by: Allison Henderson <achender@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

This patch adds two new routines: ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers
and ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers_no_lock.

The ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers routine is a wrapper
function to ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers_no_lock.
The wrapper function locks the page and passes it to
ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers_no_lock.
Calling functions that already have the page locked can call
ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers_no_lock directly.

The ext4_discard_partial_page_buffers_no_lock function
zeros a specified range in a page, and unmaps the
corresponding buffer heads.  Only block aligned regions of the
page will have their buffer heads unmapped.  Unblock aligned regions
will be mapped if needed so that they can be updated with the
partial zero out.  This function is meant to
be used to update a page and its buffer heads to be zeroed
and unmapped when the corresponding blocks have been released
or will be released.

This routine is used in the following scenarios:
* A hole is punched and the non page aligned regions
  of the head and tail of the hole need to be discarded

* The file is truncated and the partial page beyond EOF needs
  to be discarded

* The end of a hole is in the same page as EOF.  After the
  page is flushed, the partial page beyond EOF needs to be
  discarded.

* A write operation begins or ends inside a hole and the partial
  page appearing before or after the write needs to be discarded

* A write operation extends EOF and the partial page beyond EOF
  needs to be discarded

This function takes a flag EXT4_DISCARD_PARTIAL_PG_ZERO_UNMAPPED
which is used when a write operation begins or ends in a hole.
When the EXT4_DISCARD_PARTIAL_PG_ZERO_UNMAPPED flag is used, only
buffer heads that are already unmapped will have the corresponding
regions of the page zeroed.
Signed-off-by: Allison Henderson <achender@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

ext4_dx_add_entry manipulates bh2 and frames[0].bh, which are two buffer_heads
that point to directory blocks assigned to the directory inode.  However, the
function calls ext4_handle_dirty_metadata with the inode of the file that's
being added to the directory, not the directory inode itself.  Therefore,
correct the code to dirty the directory buffers with the directory inode, not
the file inode.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

ext4_mkdir calls ext4_handle_dirty_metadata with dir_block and the inode "dir".
Unfortunately, dir_block belongs to the newly created directory (which is
"inode"), not the parent directory (which is "dir").  Fix the incorrect
association.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

When ext4_rename performs a directory rename (move), dir_bh is a
buffer that is modified to update the '..' link in the directory being
moved (old_inode).  However, ext4_handle_dirty_metadata is called with
the old parent directory inode (old_dir) and dir_bh, which is
incorrect because dir_bh does not belong to the parent inode.  Fix
this error.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

Currently attempts to open a file with O_DIRECT in data=journal mode
causes the open to fail with -EINVAL.  This makes it very hard to test
data=journal mode.  So we will let the open succeed, but then always
fall back to O_DSYNC buffered writes.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

This doesn't make much sense, and it exposes a bug in the kernel where
attempts to create a new file in an append-only directory using
O_CREAT will fail (but still leave a zero-length file).  This was
discovered when xfstests #79 was generalized so it could run on all
file systems.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc:stable@kernel.org

The i_mutex lock and flush_completed_IO() added by commit 2581fdc8
in ext4_evict_inode() causes lockdep complaining about potential
deadlock in several places.  In most/all of these LOCKDEP complaints
it looks like it's a false positive, since many of the potential
circular locking cases can't take place by the time the
ext4_evict_inode() is called; but since at the very least it may mask
real problems, we need to address this.

This change removes the flush_completed_IO() and i_mutex lock in
ext4_evict_inode().  Instead, we take a different approach to resolve
the software lockup that commit 2581fdc8 intends to fix.  Rather
than having ext4-dio-unwritten thread wait for grabing the i_mutex
lock of an inode, we use mutex_trylock() instead, and simply requeue
the work item if we fail to grab the inode's i_mutex lock.

This should speed up work queue processing in general and also
prevents the following deadlock scenario: During page fault,
shrink_icache_memory is called that in turn evicts another inode B.
Inode B has some pending io_end work so it calls ext4_ioend_wait()
that waits for inode B's i_ioend_count to become zero.  However, inode
B's ioend work was queued behind some of inode A's ioend work on the
same cpu's ext4-dio-unwritten workqueue.  As the ext4-dio-unwritten
thread on that cpu is processing inode A's ioend work, it tries to
grab inode A's i_mutex lock.  Since the i_mutex lock of inode A is
still hold before the page fault happened, we enter a deadlock.
Signed-off-by: Jiaying Zhang <jiayingz@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Merge branch 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
  perf tools: Add group event scheduling option to perf record/stat
  MAINTAINERS: Fix list of perf events source files
  perf tools: Fix build against newer glibc
  perf tools: Fix error handling of unknown events
  perf evlist: Fix missing event name init for default event
  perf list: Fix exit value

* 'stable/bug.fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/xen:
  xen/tracing: Fix tracing config option properly
  xen: Do not enable PV IPIs when vector callback not present
  xen/x86: replace order-based range checking of M2P table by linear one
  xen: xen-selfballoon.c needs more header files

Steven Rostedt says we should use CONFIG_EVENT_TRACING.

Cc:Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Fix regression for HVM case on older (<4.1.1) hypervisors caused by

  commit 99bbb3a8
  Author: Stefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
  Date:   Thu Dec 2 17:55:10 2010 +0000

    xen: PV on HVM: support PV spinlocks and IPIs

This change replaced the SMP operations with event based handlers without
taking into account that this only works when the hypervisor supports
callback vectors. This causes unexplainable hangs early on boot for
HVM guests with more than one CPU.

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/791850

CC: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Stefan Bader <stefan.bader@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Tested-and-Reported-by: Stefan Bader <stefan.bader@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

* 'fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ieee1394/linux1394-2.6:
  firewire: core: handle ack_busy when fetching the Config ROM

This fixes a regression introduced by commit cdcb725c ("Btrfs: check
if there is enough space for balancing smarter").  We can't do 64-bit
divides on 32-bit architectures.

In cases where we need to divide/multiply by 2 we should just left/right
shift respectively, and in cases where theres N number of devices use
do_div.  Also make the counters u64 to match up with rw_devices.
Thanks,
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com>
Acked-and-tested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
  ext4: flush any pending end_io requests before DIO reads w/dioread_nolock
  ext4: fix nomblk_io_submit option so it correctly converts uninit blocks
  ext4: Resolve the hang of direct i/o read in handling EXT4_IO_END_UNWRITTEN.
  ext4: call ext4_ioend_wait and ext4_flush_completed_IO in ext4_evict_inode
  ext4: Fix ext4_should_writeback_data() for no-journal mode

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6:
  ALSA: sound/aoa/fabrics/layout.c: remove unneeded kfree
  ALSA: hda - Fix error check from snd_hda_get_conn_index() in patch_cirrus.c
  ALSA: hda - Don't spew too many ELD errors
  ALSA: usb-audio - Fix missing mixer dB information
  ALSA: hda - Add "PCM" volume to vmaster slave list
  ALSA: hda - Fix duplicated capture-volume creation for ALC268 models
  ALSA: ac97: Add HP Compaq dc5100 SFF(PT003AW) to Headphone Jack Sense whitelist
  ALSA: snd_usb_caiaq: track submitted output urbs

Fix new kernel-doc warning in pci.c:

  Warning(drivers/pci/pci.c:3259): No description found for parameter 'mps'
  Warning(drivers/pci/pci.c:3259): Excess function parameter 'rq' description in 'pcie_set_mps'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The label outnodev is only used when kzalloc has not yet taken place or has
failed, so there is no need for the call for kfree under this label.

A simplified version of the semantic match that finds this problem is as
follows: (http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/)

// <smpl>
@@
identifier x;
expression E1!=0,E2,E3,E4;
statement S;
iterator I;
@@

(
if (...) { ... when != kfree(x)
               when != x = E3
               when != E3 = x
*  return ...;
 }
... when != x = E2
    when != I(...,x,...) S
if (...) { ... when != x = E4
 kfree(x); ... return ...; }
)
// </smpl>
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

snd_hda_get_conn_index() returns a negative value while the current code
stores it in an unsigned int.  It must be stored in a signed integer.
Reported-by: Jesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Currently HD-audio driver shows the all error ELD byte as an error
in the kernel message.  This is annoying when the video driver doesn't
set the correct ELD from the beginning. e.g. radeon sends a zero-byte
data, but we still check ELD with the fixed 128 byte as a workaround
for some broken devices, it spews 128-times errors.

For avoiding this, the driver aborts reading when the first byte is
invalid.  In such a case, the whole data is certainly invalid.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jbarnes/drm-intel:
  drm/i915: set GFX_MODE to pre-Ivybridge default value even on Ivybridge

There is a race between ext4 buffer write and direct_IO read with
dioread_nolock mount option enabled. The problem is that we clear
PageWriteback flag during end_io time but will do
uninitialized-to-initialized extent conversion later with dioread_nolock.
If an O_direct read request comes in during this period, ext4 will return
zero instead of the recently written data.

This patch checks whether there are any pending uninitialized-to-initialized
extent conversion requests before doing O_direct read to close the race.
Note that this is just a bandaid fix. The fundamental issue is that we
clear PageWriteback flag before we really complete an IO, which is
problem-prone. To fix the fundamental issue, we may need to implement an
extent tree cache that we can use to look up pending to-be-converted extents.
Signed-off-by: Jiaying Zhang <jiayingz@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

Prior to Ivybridge, the GFX_MODE would default to 0x800, meaning that
MI_FLUSH would flush the TLBs in addition to the rest of the caches
indicated in the MI_FLUSH command.  However starting with Ivybridge, the
register defaults to 0x2800 out of reset, meaning that to invalidate the
TLB we need to use PIPE_CONTROL.  Since we're not doing that yet, go
back to the old default so things work.

v2: don't forget to actually *clear* the new bit
Reviewed-by: Eric Anholt <eric@anholt.net>
Reviewed-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Tested-by: Kenneth Graunke <kenneth@whitecape.org>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (23 commits)
  Revert "cfq: Remove special treatment for metadata rqs."
  block: fix flush machinery for stacking drivers with differring flush flags
  block: improve rq_affinity placement
  blktrace: add FLUSH/FUA support
  Move some REQ flags to the common bio/request area
  allow blk_flush_policy to return REQ_FSEQ_DATA independent of *FLUSH
  xen/blkback: Make description more obvious.
  cfq-iosched: Add documentation about idling
  block: Make rq_affinity = 1 work as expected
  block: swim3: fix unterminated of_device_id table
  block/genhd.c: remove useless cast in diskstats_show()
  drivers/cdrom/cdrom.c: relax check on dvd manufacturer value
  drivers/block/drbd/drbd_nl.c: use bitmap_parse instead of __bitmap_parse
  bsg-lib: add module.h include
  cfq-iosched: Reduce linked group count upon group destruction
  blk-throttle: correctly determine sync bio
  loop: fix deadlock when sysfs and LOOP_CLR_FD race against each other
  loop: add BLK_DEV_LOOP_MIN_COUNT=%i to allow distros 0 pre-allocated loop devices
  loop: add management interface for on-demand device allocation
  loop: replace linked list of allocated devices with an idr index
  ...