32 and 64 bit have unnecessary different ways to populate the exception
entry code. Provide a idtentry macro which allows to consolidate all of
that.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134904.166735365@linutronix.de

For gradual conversion provide a macro parameter and the required code
which allows to handle instrumentation and interrupt flags tracking in C.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134904.058904490@linutronix.de

idtentry is a completely unreadable maze. Split it into distinct idtentry
variants which only contain the minimal code:

  - idtentry for regular exceptions
  - idtentry_mce_debug for #MCE and #DB
  - idtentry_df for #DF

The generated binary code is equivalent.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134903.949227617@linutronix.de

Move them all together so verifying the cleanup patches for binary
equivalence will be easier.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134903.841853522@linutronix.de

So they can be used in ASM code. For this it is also necessary to convert
them to defines. Will be used for the rework of the entry code.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134903.731004084@linutronix.de

Traps enable interrupts conditionally but rely on the ASM return code to
disable them again. That results in redundant interrupt disable and trace
calls.

Make the trap handlers disable interrupts before returning to avoid that,
which allows simplification of the ASM entry code in follow up changes.
Originally-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134903.622702796@linutronix.de

When PARAVIRT_XXL is in use, then load_gs_index() uses xen_load_gs_index()
and asm_load_gs_index() is unused.

It's therefore pointless to use the paravirtualized SWAPGS implementation
in asm_load_gs_index(). Switch it to a plain swapgs.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200512213809.583980272@linutronix.de

There is absolutely no point in doing this in ASM code. Move it to C.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134903.531534675@linutronix.de

Replace the notrace and NOKPROBE annotations with noinstr.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134903.439765290@linutronix.de

This is called from deep entry ASM in a situation where instrumentation
will cause more harm than providing useful information.

Switch from memmove() to memcpy() because memmove() can't be called
from noinstr code. 
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134903.346741553@linutronix.de

Currently entry_64_compat is exempt from objtool, but with vmlinux
mode there is no hiding it.

Make the following changes to make it pass:

 - change entry_SYSENTER_compat to STT_NOTYPE; it's not a function
   and doesn't have function type stack setup.

 - mark all STT_NOTYPE symbols with UNWIND_HINT_EMPTY; so we do
   validate them and don't treat them as unreachable.

 - don't abuse RSP as a temp register, this confuses objtool
   mightily as it (rightfully) thinks we're doing unspeakable
   things to the stack.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134341.272248024@linutronix.de

Prevent the compiler from uninlining and creating traceable/probable
functions as this is invoked _after_ context tracking switched to
CONTEXT_USER and rcu idle.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134340.902709267@linutronix.de

This is another step towards more C-code and less convoluted ASM.

Similar to the entry path, invoke the tracer before context tracking which
might turn off RCU and invoke lockdep as the last step before going back to
user space. Annotate the code sections in exit_to_user_mode() accordingly
so objtool won't complain about the tracer invocation.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134340.703783926@linutronix.de

Now that the C entry points are safe, move the irq flags tracing code into
the entry helper:

    - Invoke lockdep before calling into context tracking

    - Use the safe trace_hardirqs_on_prepare() trace function after context
      tracking established state and RCU is watching.

enter_from_user_mode() is also still invoked from the exception/interrupt
entry code which still contains the ASM irq flags tracing. So this is just
a redundant and harmless invocation of tracing / lockdep until these are
removed as well.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134340.611961721@linutronix.de

Mark the various syscall entries with noinstr to protect them against
instrumentation and add the noinstrumentation_begin()/end() annotations to mark the
parts of the functions which are safe to call out into instrumentable code.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134340.520277507@linutronix.de

Both the callers in the low level ASM code and __context_tracking_exit()
which is invoked from enter_from_user_mode() via user_exit_irqoff() are
marked NOKPROBE. Allowing enter_from_user_mode() to be probed is
inconsistent at best.

Aside of that while function tracing per se is safe the function trace
entry/exit points can be used via BPF as well which is not safe to use
before context tracking has reached CONTEXT_KERNEL and adjusted RCU.

Mark it noinstr which moves it into the instrumentation protected text
section and includes notrace.

Note, this needs further fixups in context tracking to ensure that the
full call chain is protected. Will be addressed in follow up changes.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134340.429059405@linutronix.de

All ASM code which is not part of the entry functionality can move out into
the .text section. No reason to keep it in the non-instrumentable entry
section.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134340.320164650@linutronix.de

All ASM code which is not part of the entry functionality can move out into
the .text section. No reason to keep it in the non-instrumentable entry
section.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134340.227579223@linutronix.de

No more users.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Warnings, bugs and stack protection fails from noinstr sections, e.g. low
level and early entry code, are likely to be fatal.

Mark them as "safe" to be invoked from noinstr protected code to avoid
annotating all usage sites. Getting the information out is important.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134100.376598577@linutronix.de

That code is already not traceable. Move it into the noinstr section so the
objtool section validation does not trigger.

Annotate the warning code as "safe". While it might be not under all
circumstances, getting the information out is important enough.

Should this ever trigger from the sensitive code which is shielded against
instrumentation, e.g. low level entry, then the printk is the least of the
worries.

Addresses the objtool warnings:
 vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: context_tracking_recursion_enter()+0x7: call to __this_cpu_preempt_check() leaves .noinstr.text section
 vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: __context_tracking_exit()+0x17: call to __this_cpu_preempt_check() leaves .noinstr.text section
 vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: __context_tracking_enter()+0x2a: call to __this_cpu_preempt_check() leaves .noinstr.text section
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134340.902709267@linutronix.de

context tracking lacks a few protection mechanisms against instrumentation:

 - While the core functions are marked NOKPROBE they lack protection
   against function tracing which is required as the function entry/exit
   points can be utilized by BPF.

 - static functions invoked from the protected functions need to be marked
   as well as they can be instrumented otherwise.

 - using plain inline allows the compiler to emit traceable and probable
   functions.

Fix this by marking the functions noinstr and converting the plain inlines
to __always_inline.

The NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() annotations are removed as the .noinstr.text section
is already excluded from being probed.

Cures the following objtool warnings:

 vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: enter_from_user_mode()+0x34: call to __context_tracking_exit() leaves .noinstr.text section
 vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: prepare_exit_to_usermode()+0x29: call to __context_tracking_enter() leaves .noinstr.text section
 vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: syscall_return_slowpath()+0x29: call to __context_tracking_enter() leaves .noinstr.text section
 vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: do_syscall_64()+0x7f: call to __context_tracking_enter() leaves .noinstr.text section
 vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: do_int80_syscall_32()+0x3d: call to __context_tracking_enter() leaves .noinstr.text section
 vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: do_fast_syscall_32()+0x9c: call to __context_tracking_enter() leaves .noinstr.text section

and generates new ones...
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134340.811520478@linutronix.de

The sanitizers are not really applicable to the fragile low level entry
code. Entry code needs to carefully setup a normal 'runtime' environment.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134059.970057117@linutronix.de

No users left since two years due to commit 21d375b6 ("x86/entry/64:
Remove the SYSCALL64 fast path")
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134059.061301403@linutronix.de

GAS cannot optimize out the test and conditional jump when context tracking
is disabled and CALL_enter_from_user_mode is an empty macro.

Wrap it in #ifdeffery. Will go away once all this is moved to C.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134058.955968069@linutronix.de

Use of memmove() in #DF is problematic considered tracing and other
instrumentation.

Remove the memmove() call and simply write out what needs doing; this
even clarifies the code, win-win! The code copies from the espfix64
stack to the normal task stack, there is no possible way for that to
overlap.

Survives selftests/x86, specifically sigreturn_64.
Suggested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134058.863038566@linutronix.de

A data breakpoint near the top of an IST stack will cause unrecoverable
recursion.  A data breakpoint on the GDT, IDT, or TSS is terrifying.
Prevent either of these from happening.
Co-developed-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134058.272448010@linutronix.de

With commit dc20b2d5 ("x86/idt: Move interrupt gate initialization to
IDT code") non assigned system vectors are also marked as used in
'used_vectors' (now 'system_vectors') bitmap. This makes checks in
arch_show_interrupts() whether a particular system vector is allocated to
always pass and e.g. 'Hyper-V reenlightenment interrupts' entry always
shows up in /proc/interrupts.

Another side effect of having all unassigned system vectors marked as used
is that irq_matrix_debug_show() will wrongly count them among 'System'
vectors.

As it is now ensured that alloc_intr_gate() is not called after init, it is
possible to leave unused entries in 'system_vectors' unset to fix these
issues.
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200428093824.1451532-4-vkuznets@redhat.com

There seems to be no reason to allocate interrupt gates after init. Mark
alloc_intr_gate() as __init and add WARN_ON() checks making sure it is
only used before idt_setup_apic_and_irq_gates() finalizes IDT setup and
maps all un-allocated entries to spurious entries.
Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200428093824.1451532-3-vkuznets@redhat.com

As a preparatory change for making alloc_intr_gate() __init split
xen_callback_vector() into callback vector setup via hypercall
(xen_setup_callback_vector()) and interrupt gate allocation
(xen_alloc_callback_vector()).

xen_setup_callback_vector() is being called twice: on init and upon
system resume from xen_hvm_post_suspend(). alloc_intr_gate() only
needs to be called once.
Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200428093824.1451532-2-vkuznets@redhat.com

machine_check is function address, the address operator on it is nop for
compiler.

Make it consistent with the other function addresses in the same file.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200419144049.1906-3-laijs@linux.alibaba.com

When native_load_gs_index() fails on .Lgs_change, CR3 must be kernel
CR3. No need to switch it.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200419144049.1906-2-laijs@linux.alibaba.com

The label .Lcommon_\sym was introduced by 39e95433.
(x86-64: Reduce amount of redundant code generated for invalidate_interruptNN)
And all the other relevant information was removed by 52aec330
(x86/tlb: replace INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR by CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR)
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200419144049.1906-4-laijs@linux.alibaba.com

Currently instrumentation of atomic primitives is done at the architecture
level, while composites or fallbacks are provided at the generic level.

The result is that there are no uninstrumented variants of the
fallbacks. Since there is now need of such variants to isolate text poke
from any form of instrumentation invert this ordering.

Doing this means moving the instrumentation into the generic code as
well as having (for now) two variants of the fallbacks.

Notes:

 - the various *cond_read* primitives are not proper fallbacks
   and got moved into linux/atomic.c. No arch_ variants are
   generated because the base primitives smp_cond_load*()
   are instrumented.

 - once all architectures are moved over to arch_atomic_ one of the
   fallback variants can be removed and some 2300 lines reclaimed.

 - atomic_{read,set}*() are no longer double-instrumented
Reported-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134058.769149955@linutronix.de

Use __always_inline for atomic fallback wrappers. When building for size
(CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE), some compilers appear to be less inclined to
inline even relatively small static inline functions that are assumed to
be inlinable such as atomic ops. This can cause problems, for example in
UACCESS regions.

While the fallback wrappers aren't pure wrappers, they are trivial
nonetheless, and the function they wrap should determine the final
inlining policy.

For x86 tinyconfig we observe:
- vmlinux baseline: 1315988
- vmlinux with patch: 1315928 (-60 bytes)

[ tglx: Cherry-picked from KCSAN ]
Suggested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Pull epoll update from Al Viro:
 "epoll conversion to read_iter from Jens; I thought there might be more
  epoll stuff this cycle, but uaccess took too much time"

* 'work.epoll' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  eventfd: convert to f_op->read_iter()

Pull vfs fixes from Al Viro:
 "A couple of trivial patches that fell through the cracks last cycle"

* 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  fs: fix indentation in deactivate_super()
  vfs: Remove duplicated d_mountpoint check in __is_local_mountpoint

Pull sysctl fixes from Al Viro:
 "Fixups to regressions in sysctl series"

* 'work.sysctl' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  sysctl: reject gigantic reads/write to sysctl files
  cdrom: fix an incorrect __user annotation on cdrom_sysctl_info
  trace: fix an incorrect __user annotation on stack_trace_sysctl
  random: fix an incorrect __user annotation on proc_do_entropy
  net/sysctl: remove leftover __user annotations on neigh_proc_dointvec*
  net/sysctl: use cpumask_parse in flow_limit_cpu_sysctl

Pull i915 uaccess updates from Al Viro:
 "Low-hanging fruit in i915; there are several trickier followups, but
  that'll wait for the next cycle"

* 'uaccess.i915' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  i915:get_engines(): get rid of pointless access_ok()
  i915: alloc_oa_regs(): get rid of pointless access_ok()
  i915 compat ioctl(): just use drm_ioctl_kernel()
  i915: switch copy_perf_config_registers_or_number() to unsafe_put_user()
  i915: switch query_{topology,engine}_info() to copy_to_user()

Pull misc uaccess updates from Al Viro:
 "Assorted uaccess patches for this cycle - the stuff that didn't fit
  into thematic series"

* 'uaccess.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
  bpf: make bpf_check_uarg_tail_zero() use check_zeroed_user()
  x86: kvm_hv_set_msr(): use __put_user() instead of 32bit __clear_user()
  user_regset_copyout_zero(): use clear_user()
  TEST_ACCESS_OK _never_ had been checked anywhere
  x86: switch cp_stat64() to unsafe_put_user()
  binfmt_flat: don't use __put_user()
  binfmt_elf_fdpic: don't use __... uaccess primitives
  binfmt_elf: don't bother with __{put,copy_to}_user()
  pselect6() and friends: take handling the combined 6th/7th args into helper