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  1. 11 Oct, 2020 8 commits
    • Daniel T. Lee's avatar
      samples: bpf: Refactor xdp_monitor with libbpf · 8ac91df6
      Daniel T. Lee authored 
      To avoid confusion caused by the increasing fragmentation of the BPF
Loader program, this commit would like to change to the libbpf loader
instead of using the bpf_load.

Thanks to libbpf's bpf_link interface, managing the tracepoint BPF
program is much easier. bpf_program__attach_tracepoint manages the
enable of tracepoint event and attach of BPF programs to it with a
single interface bpf_link, so there is no need to manage event_fd and
prog_fd separately.

This commit refactors xdp_monitor with using this libbpf API, and the
bpf_load is removed and migrated to libbpf.
Signed-off-by: default avatarDaniel T. Lee <danieltimlee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: default avatarAndrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201010181734.1109-2-danieltimlee@gmail.com
      8ac91df6
    • Alexei Starovoitov's avatar
      Merge branch 'Follow-up BPF helper improvements' · 673e3752
      Alexei Starovoitov authored 
      Daniel Borkmann says:

====================

This series addresses most of the feedback [0] that was to be followed
up from the last series, that is, UAPI helper comment improvements and
getting rid of the ifindex obj file hacks in the selftest by using a
BPF map instead. The __sk_buff data/data_end pointer work, I'm planning
to do in a later round as well as the mem*() BPF improvements we have
in Cilium for libbpf. Next, the series adds two features, i) a helper
called redirect_peer() to improve latency on netns switch, and ii) to
allow map in map with dynamic inner array map sizes. Selftests for each
are added as well. For details, please check individual patches, thanks!

  [0] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/cover.1601477936.git.daniel@iogearbox.net/

v5 -> v6:
  - Going with Andrii's suggestion to make the misconfigured verifier
    test more robust, and only probe on -EOPNOTSUPP (Andrii)
v4 -> v5:
  - Replace cnt == -EOPNOTSUPP check with cnt < 0; I've used < 0
    here as I think it's useful to keep the existing cnt == 0 ||
    cnt >= ARRAY_SIZE(insn_buf) for error detection (Andrii)
v3 -> v4:
  - Rename new array map flag to BPF_F_INNER_MAP (Alexei)
v2 -> v3:
  - Remove tab that slipped into uapi helper desc (Jakub)
  - Rework map in map for array to error from map_gen_lookup (Andrii)
v1 -> v2:
  - Fixed selftest comment wrt inner1/inner2 value (Yonghong)
====================
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      673e3752
    • Daniel Borkmann's avatar
      bpf, selftests: Add redirect_peer selftest · 9f4c53ca
      Daniel Borkmann authored 
      Extend the test_tc_redirect test and add a small test that exercises the new
redirect_peer() helper for the IPv4 and IPv6 case.
Signed-off-by: default avatarDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201010234006.7075-7-daniel@iogearbox.net
      9f4c53ca
    • Daniel Borkmann's avatar
      bpf, selftests: Make redirect_neigh test more extensible · 57a73fe7
      Daniel Borkmann authored 
      Rename into test_tc_redirect.sh and move setup and test code into separate
functions so they can be reused for newly added tests in here. Also remove
the crude hack to override ifindex inside the object file via xxd and sed
and just use a simple map instead. Map given iproute2 does not support BTF
fully and therefore neither global data at this point.
Signed-off-by: default avatarDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: default avatarYonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201010234006.7075-6-daniel@iogearbox.net
      57a73fe7
    • Daniel Borkmann's avatar
      bpf, selftests: Add test for different array inner map size · 6775dab7
      Daniel Borkmann authored 
      Extend the "diff_size" subtest to also include a non-inlined array map variant
where dynamic inner #elems are possible.
Signed-off-by: default avatarDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: default avatarYonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201010234006.7075-5-daniel@iogearbox.net
      6775dab7
    • Daniel Borkmann's avatar
      bpf: Allow for map-in-map with dynamic inner array map entries · 4a8f87e6
      Daniel Borkmann authored 
      Recent work in f4d05259 ("bpf: Add map_meta_equal map ops") and 134fede4
("bpf: Relax max_entries check for most of the inner map types") added support
for dynamic inner max elements for most map-in-map types. Exceptions were maps
like array or prog array where the map_gen_lookup() callback uses the maps'
max_entries field as a constant when emitting instructions.

We recently implemented Maglev consistent hashing into Cilium's load balancer
which uses map-in-map with an outer map being hash and inner being array holding
the Maglev backend table for each service. This has been designed this way in
order to reduce overall memory consumption given the outer hash map allows to
avoid preallocating a large, flat memory area for all services. Also, the
number of service mappings is not always known a-priori.

The use case for dynamic inner array map entries is to further reduce memory
overhead, for example, some services might just have a small number of back
ends while others could have a large number. Right now the Maglev backend table
for small and large number of backends would need to have the same inner array
map entries which adds a lot of unneeded overhead.

Dynamic inner array map entries can be realized by avoiding the inlined code
generation for their lookup. The lookup will still be efficient since it will
be calling into array_map_lookup_elem() directly and thus avoiding retpoline.
The patch adds a BPF_F_INNER_MAP flag to map creation which therefore skips
inline code generation and relaxes array_map_meta_equal() check to ignore both
maps' max_entries. This also still allows to have faster lookups for map-in-map
when BPF_F_INNER_MAP is not specified and hence dynamic max_entries not needed.

Example code generation where inner map is dynamic sized array:

  # bpftool p d x i 125
  int handle__sys_enter(void * ctx):
  ; int handle__sys_enter(void *ctx)
     0: (b4) w1 = 0
  ; int key = 0;
     1: (63) *(u32 *)(r10 -4) = r1
     2: (bf) r2 = r10
  ;
     3: (07) r2 += -4
  ; inner_map = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&outer_arr_dyn, &key);
     4: (18) r1 = map[id:468]
     6: (07) r1 += 272
     7: (61) r0 = *(u32 *)(r2 +0)
     8: (35) if r0 >= 0x3 goto pc+5
     9: (67) r0 <<= 3
    10: (0f) r0 += r1
    11: (79) r0 = *(u64 *)(r0 +0)
    12: (15) if r0 == 0x0 goto pc+1
    13: (05) goto pc+1
    14: (b7) r0 = 0
    15: (b4) w6 = -1
  ; if (!inner_map)
    16: (15) if r0 == 0x0 goto pc+6
    17: (bf) r2 = r10
  ;
    18: (07) r2 += -4
  ; val = bpf_map_lookup_elem(inner_map, &key);
    19: (bf) r1 = r0                               | No inlining but instead
    20: (85) call array_map_lookup_elem#149280     | call to array_map_lookup_elem()
  ; return val ? *val : -1;                        | for inner array lookup.
    21: (15) if r0 == 0x0 goto pc+1
  ; return val ? *val : -1;
    22: (61) r6 = *(u32 *)(r0 +0)
  ; }
    23: (bc) w0 = w6
    24: (95) exit
Signed-off-by: default avatarDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: default avatarAndrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201010234006.7075-4-daniel@iogearbox.net
      4a8f87e6
    • Daniel Borkmann's avatar
      bpf: Add redirect_peer helper · 9aa1206e
      Daniel Borkmann authored 
      Add an efficient ingress to ingress netns switch that can be used out of tc BPF
programs in order to redirect traffic from host ns ingress into a container
veth device ingress without having to go via CPU backlog queue [0]. For local
containers this can also be utilized and path via CPU backlog queue only needs
to be taken once, not twice. On a high level this borrows from ipvlan which does
similar switch in __netif_receive_skb_core() and then iterates via another_round.
This helps to reduce latency for mentioned use cases.

Pod to remote pod with redirect(), TCP_RR [1]:

  # percpu_netperf 10.217.1.33
          RT_LATENCY:         122.450         (per CPU:         122.666         122.401         122.333         122.401 )
        MEAN_LATENCY:         121.210         (per CPU:         121.100         121.260         121.320         121.160 )
      STDDEV_LATENCY:         120.040         (per CPU:         119.420         119.910         125.460         115.370 )
         MIN_LATENCY:          46.500         (per CPU:          47.000          47.000          47.000          45.000 )
         P50_LATENCY:         118.500         (per CPU:         118.000         119.000         118.000         119.000 )
         P90_LATENCY:         127.500         (per CPU:         127.000         128.000         127.000         128.000 )
         P99_LATENCY:         130.750         (per CPU:         131.000         131.000         129.000         132.000 )

    TRANSACTION_RATE:       32666.400         (per CPU:        8152.200        8169.842        8174.439        8169.897 )

Pod to remote pod with redirect_peer(), TCP_RR:

  # percpu_netperf 10.217.1.33
          RT_LATENCY:          44.449         (per CPU:          43.767          43.127          45.279          45.622 )
        MEAN_LATENCY:          45.065         (per CPU:          44.030          45.530          45.190          45.510 )
      STDDEV_LATENCY:          84.823         (per CPU:          66.770          97.290          84.380          90.850 )
         MIN_LATENCY:          33.500         (per CPU:          33.000          33.000          34.000          34.000 )
         P50_LATENCY:          43.250         (per CPU:          43.000          43.000          43.000          44.000 )
         P90_LATENCY:          46.750         (per CPU:          46.000          47.000          47.000          47.000 )
         P99_LATENCY:          52.750         (per CPU:          51.000          54.000          53.000          53.000 )

    TRANSACTION_RATE:       90039.500         (per CPU:       22848.186       23187.089       22085.077       21919.130 )

  [0] https://linuxplumbersconf.org/event/7/contributions/674/attachments/568/1002/plumbers_2020_cilium_load_balancer.pdf
  [1] https://github.com/borkmann/netperf_scripts/blob/master/percpu_netperfSigned-off-by: default avatarDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201010234006.7075-3-daniel@iogearbox.net
      9aa1206e
    • Daniel Borkmann's avatar
      bpf: Improve bpf_redirect_neigh helper description · dd2ce6a5
      Daniel Borkmann authored 
      Follow-up to address David's feedback that we should better describe internals
of the bpf_redirect_neigh() helper.
Suggested-by: default avatarDavid Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: default avatarDavid Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201010234006.7075-2-daniel@iogearbox.net
      dd2ce6a5
  3. 09 Oct, 2020 7 commits
  5. 08 Oct, 2020 5 commits
    • Alexei Starovoitov's avatar
      Merge branch 'libbpf: auto-resize relocatable LOAD/STORE instructions' · 1e9259ec
      Alexei Starovoitov authored 
      Andrii Nakryiko says:

====================
Patch set implements logic in libbpf to auto-adjust memory size (1-, 2-, 4-,
8-bytes) of load/store (LD/ST/STX) instructions which have BPF CO-RE field
offset relocation associated with it. In practice this means transparent
handling of 32-bit kernels, both pointer and unsigned integers. Signed
integers are not relocatable with zero-extending loads/stores, so libbpf
poisons them and generates a warning. If/when BPF gets support for
sign-extending loads/stores, it would be possible to automatically relocate
them as well.

All the details are contained in patch #2 comments and commit message.
Patch #3 is a simple change in libbpf to make advanced testing with custom BTF
easier. Patch #4 validates correct uses of auto-resizable loads, as well as
check that libbpf fails invalid uses. Patch #1 skips CO-RE relocation for
programs that had bpf_program__set_autoload(prog, false) set on them, reducing
warnings and noise.

v2->v3:
  - fix copyright (Alexei);
v1->v2:
  - more consistent names for instruction mem size convertion routines (Alexei);
  - extended selftests to use relocatable STX instructions (Alexei);
  - added a fix for skipping CO-RE relocation for non-loadable programs.

Cc: Luka Perkov <luka.perkov@sartura.hr>
Cc: Tony Ambardar <tony.ambardar@gmail.com>
====================
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
      1e9259ec
    • Andrii Nakryiko's avatar
      selftests/bpf: Validate libbpf's auto-sizing of LD/ST/STX instructions · 888d83b9
      Andrii Nakryiko authored 
      Add selftests validating libbpf's auto-resizing of load/store instructions
when used with CO-RE relocations. An explicit and manual approach with using
bpf_core_read() is also demonstrated and tested. Separate BPF program is
supposed to fail due to using signed integers of sizes that differ from
kernel's sizes.

To reliably simulate 32-bit BTF (i.e., the one with sizeof(long) ==
sizeof(void *) == 4), selftest generates its own custom BTF and passes it as
a replacement for real kernel BTF. This allows to test 32/64-bitness mix on
all architectures.
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201008001025.292064-5-andrii@kernel.org
      888d83b9
    • Andrii Nakryiko's avatar
      libbpf: Allow specifying both ELF and raw BTF for CO-RE BTF override · 2b7d88c2
      Andrii Nakryiko authored 
      Use generalized BTF parsing logic, making it possible to parse BTF both from
ELF file, as well as a raw BTF dump. This makes it easier to write custom
tests with manually generated BTFs.
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201008001025.292064-4-andrii@kernel.org
      2b7d88c2
    • Andrii Nakryiko's avatar
      libbpf: Support safe subset of load/store instruction resizing with CO-RE · a66345bc
      Andrii Nakryiko authored 
      Add support for patching instructions of the following form:
  - rX = *(T *)(rY + <off>);
  - *(T *)(rX + <off>) = rY;
  - *(T *)(rX + <off>) = <imm>, where T is one of {u8, u16, u32, u64}.

For such instructions, if the actual kernel field recorded in CO-RE relocation
has a different size than the one recorded locally (e.g., from vmlinux.h),
then libbpf will adjust T to an appropriate 1-, 2-, 4-, or 8-byte loads.

In general, such transformation is not always correct and could lead to
invalid final value being loaded or stored. But two classes of cases are
always safe:
  - if both local and target (kernel) types are unsigned integers, but of
  different sizes, then it's OK to adjust load/store instruction according to
  the necessary memory size. Zero-extending nature of such instructions and
  unsignedness make sure that the final value is always correct;
  - pointer size mismatch between BPF target architecture (which is always
  64-bit) and 32-bit host kernel architecture can be similarly resolved
  automatically, because pointer is essentially an unsigned integer. Loading
  32-bit pointer into 64-bit BPF register with zero extension will leave
  correct pointer in the register.

Both cases are necessary to support CO-RE on 32-bit kernels, as `unsigned
long` in vmlinux.h generated from 32-bit kernel is 32-bit, but when compiled
with BPF program for BPF target it will be treated by compiler as 64-bit
integer. Similarly, pointers in vmlinux.h are 32-bit for kernel, but treated
as 64-bit values by compiler for BPF target. Both problems are now resolved by
libbpf for direct memory reads.

But similar transformations are useful in general when kernel fields are
"resized" from, e.g., unsigned int to unsigned long (or vice versa).

Now, similar transformations for signed integers are not safe to perform as
they will result in incorrect sign extension of the value. If such situation
is detected, libbpf will emit helpful message and will poison the instruction.
Not failing immediately means that it's possible to guard the instruction
based on kernel version (or other conditions) and make sure it's not
reachable.

If there is a need to read signed integers that change sizes between different
kernels, it's possible to use BPF_CORE_READ_BITFIELD() macro, which works both
with bitfields and non-bitfield integers of any signedness and handles
sign-extension properly. Also, bpf_core_read() with proper size and/or use of
bpf_core_field_size() relocation could allow to deal with such complicated
situations explicitly, if not so conventiently as direct memory reads.

Selftests added in a separate patch in progs/test_core_autosize.c demonstrate
both direct memory and probed use cases.

BPF_CORE_READ() is not changed and it won't deal with such situations as
automatically as direct memory reads due to the signedness integer
limitations, which are much harder to detect and control with compiler macro
magic. So it's encouraged to utilize direct memory reads as much as possible.
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201008001025.292064-3-andrii@kernel.org
      a66345bc
    • Andrii Nakryiko's avatar
      libbpf: Skip CO-RE relocations for not loaded BPF programs · 47f7cf63
      Andrii Nakryiko authored 
      Bypass CO-RE relocations step for BPF programs that are not going to be
loaded. This allows to have BPF programs compiled in and disabled dynamically
if kernel is not supposed to provide enough relocation information. In such
case, there won't be unnecessary warnings about failed relocations.

Fixes: d9297581 ("libbpf: Support disabling auto-loading BPF programs")
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201008001025.292064-2-andrii@kernel.org
      47f7cf63
  7. 07 Oct, 2020 5 commits
  9. 06 Oct, 2020 10 commits
  11. 05 Oct, 2020 4 commits
  13. 03 Oct, 2020 1 commit
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