Pull power management updates from Rafael Wysocki:
 "These fix the (Intel-specific) Performance and Energy Bias Hint (EPB)
  handling and expose it to user space via sysfs, fix and clean up
  several cpufreq drivers, add support for two new chips to the qoriq
  cpufreq driver, fix, simplify and clean up the cpufreq core and the
  schedutil governor, add support for "CPU" domains to the generic power
  domains (genpd) framework and provide low-level PSCI firmware support
  for that feature, fix the exynos cpuidle driver and fix a couple of
  issues in the devfreq subsystem and clean it up.

  Specifics:

   - Fix the handling of Performance and Energy Bias Hint (EPB) on Intel
     processors and expose it to user space via sysfs to avoid having to
     access it through the generic MSR I/F (Rafael Wysocki).

   - Improve the handling of global turbo changes made by the platform
     firmware in the intel_pstate driver (Rafael Wysocki).

   - Convert some slow-path static_cpu_has() callers to boot_cpu_has()
     in cpufreq (Borislav Petkov).

   - Fix the frequency calculation loop in the armada-37xx cpufreq
     driver (Gregory CLEMENT).

   - Fix possible object reference leaks in multuple cpufreq drivers
     (Wen Yang).

   - Fix kerneldoc comment in the centrino cpufreq driver (dongjian).

   - Clean up the ACPI and maple cpufreq drivers (Viresh Kumar, Mohan
     Kumar).

   - Add support for lx2160a and ls1028a to the qoriq cpufreq driver
     (Vabhav Sharma, Yuantian Tang).

   - Fix kobject memory leak in the cpufreq core (Viresh Kumar).

   - Simplify the IOwait boosting in the schedutil cpufreq governor and
     rework the TSC cpufreq notifier on x86 (Rafael Wysocki).

   - Clean up the cpufreq core and statistics code (Yue Hu, Kyle Lin).

   - Improve the cpufreq documentation, add SPDX license tags to some PM
     documentation files and unify copyright notices in them (Rafael
     Wysocki).

   - Add support for "CPU" domains to the generic power domains (genpd)
     framework and provide low-level PSCI firmware support for that
     feature (Ulf Hansson).

   - Rearrange the PSCI firmware support code and add support for
     SYSTEM_RESET2 to it (Ulf Hansson, Sudeep Holla).

   - Improve genpd support for devices in multiple power domains (Ulf
     Hansson).

   - Unify target residency for the AFTR and coupled AFTR states in the
     exynos cpuidle driver (Marek Szyprowski).

   - Introduce new helper routine in the operating performance points
     (OPP) framework (Andrew-sh.Cheng).

   - Add support for passing on-die termination (ODT) and auto power
     down parameters from the kernel to Trusted Firmware-A (TF-A) to the
     rk3399_dmc devfreq driver (Enric Balletbo i Serra).

   - Add tracing to devfreq (Lukasz Luba).

   - Make the exynos-bus devfreq driver suspend all devices on system
     shutdown (Marek Szyprowski).

   - Fix a few minor issues in the devfreq subsystem and clean it up
     somewhat (Enric Balletbo i Serra, MyungJoo Ham, Rob Herring,
     Saravana Kannan, Yangtao Li).

   - Improve system wakeup diagnostics (Stephen Boyd).

   - Rework filesystem sync messages emitted during system suspend and
     hibernation (Harry Pan)"

* tag 'pm-5.2-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (72 commits)
  cpufreq: Fix kobject memleak
  cpufreq: armada-37xx: fix frequency calculation for opp
  cpufreq: centrino: Fix centrino_setpolicy() kerneldoc comment
  cpufreq: qoriq: add support for lx2160a
  x86: tsc: Rework time_cpufreq_notifier()
  PM / Domains: Allow to attach a CPU via genpd_dev_pm_attach_by_id|name()
  PM / Domains: Search for the CPU device outside the genpd lock
  PM / Domains: Drop unused in-parameter to some genpd functions
  PM / Domains: Use the base device for driver_deferred_probe_check_state()
  cpufreq: qoriq: Add ls1028a chip support
  PM / Domains: Enable genpd_dev_pm_attach_by_id|name() for single PM domain
  PM / Domains: Allow OF lookup for multi PM domain case from ->attach_dev()
  PM / Domains: Don't kfree() the virtual device in the error path
  cpufreq: Move ->get callback check outside of __cpufreq_get()
  PM / Domains: remove unnecessary unlikely()
  cpufreq: Remove needless bios_limit check in show_bios_limit()
  drivers/cpufreq/acpi-cpufreq.c: This fixes the following checkpatch warning
  firmware/psci: add support for SYSTEM_RESET2
  PM / devfreq: add tracing for scheduling work
  trace: events: add devfreq trace event file
  ...

Pull ACPI updates from Rafael Wysocki:
 "These rearrange the ACPI documentation by converting it to the .rst
  format and splitting it into clear categories (admin guide, driver
  API, firmware guide), switch over multiple users of a problematic
  library function to a new better one, update the ACPICA code in the
  kernel to a new upstream release, fix a few issues, improve power
  device management diagnostics and do some cleanups.

  Specifics:

   - Convert the ACPI documentation in the kernel source tree to the
     .rst format and split it into the admin guide, driver API and
     firmware guide parts (Changbin Du).

   - Add a PRP0001 usage example to the ACPI documentation (Thomas
     Preston).

   - Switch over the users of the acpi_dev_get_first_match_name()
     library function which turned out to be problematic to a new,
     better one called acpi_dev_get_first_match_dev() (Andy Shevchenko,
     YueHaibing).

   - Update the ACPICA code in the kernel to upstream release 20190405
     including:
       * Null pointer dereference check in acpi_ns_delete_node() (Erik
         Schmauss).
       * Multiple macro and function name changes (Bob Moore).
       * Predefined operation region name fix (Erik Schmauss).

   - Fix hibernation issue on systems using the Baytrail and Cherrytrail
     Intel SoCs introduced during the 4.20 development cycle (Hans de
     Goede).

   - Add Sony VPCEH3U1E to the backlight quirk list (Zhang Rui).

   - Fix button handling during system resume (Zhang Rui).

   - Add a device PM diagnostic message (Rafael Wysocki).

   - Clean up the code, comments and white space in multiple places
     (Bjorn Helgaas, Gustavo Silva, Kefeng Wang)"

* tag 'acpi-5.2-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (53 commits)
  Documentation: ACPI: move video_extension.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move ssdt-overlays.txt to admin-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move lpit.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move cppc_sysfs.txt to admin-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move apei/einj.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move apei/output_format.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move aml-debugger.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move method-tracing.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to rsST
  Documentation: ACPI: move debug.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move dsd/data-node-references.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move dsd/graph.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move acpi-lid.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move i2c-muxes.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move dsdt-override.txt to admin-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move initrd_table_override.txt to admin-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move method-customizing.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move gpio-properties.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move DSD-properties-rules.txt to firmware-guide/acpi and covert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move scan_handlers.txt to driver-api/acpi and convert to reST
  Documentation: ACPI: move linuxized-acpica.txt to driver-api/acpi and convert to reST
  ...

Pull arm64 updates from Will Deacon:
 "Mostly just incremental improvements here:

   - Introduce AT_HWCAP2 for advertising CPU features to userspace

   - Expose SVE2 availability to userspace

   - Support for "data cache clean to point of deep persistence" (DC PODP)

   - Honour "mitigations=off" on the cmdline and advertise status via
     sysfs

   - CPU timer erratum workaround (Neoverse-N1 #1188873)

   - Introduce perf PMU driver for the SMMUv3 performance counters

   - Add config option to disable the kuser helpers page for AArch32 tasks

   - Futex modifications to ensure liveness under contention

   - Rework debug exception handling to seperate kernel and user
     handlers

   - Non-critical fixes and cleanup"

* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (92 commits)
  Documentation: Add ARM64 to kernel-parameters.rst
  arm64/speculation: Support 'mitigations=' cmdline option
  arm64: ssbs: Don't treat CPUs with SSBS as unaffected by SSB
  arm64: enable generic CPU vulnerabilites support
  arm64: add sysfs vulnerability show for speculative store bypass
  arm64: Fix size of __early_cpu_boot_status
  clocksource/arm_arch_timer: Use arch_timer_read_counter to access stable counters
  clocksource/arm_arch_timer: Remove use of workaround static key
  clocksource/arm_arch_timer: Drop use of static key in arch_timer_reg_read_stable
  clocksource/arm_arch_timer: Direcly assign set_next_event workaround
  arm64: Use arch_timer_read_counter instead of arch_counter_get_cntvct
  watchdog/sbsa: Use arch_timer_read_counter instead of arch_counter_get_cntvct
  ARM: vdso: Remove dependency with the arch_timer driver internals
  arm64: Apply ARM64_ERRATUM_1188873 to Neoverse-N1
  arm64: Add part number for Neoverse N1
  arm64: Make ARM64_ERRATUM_1188873 depend on COMPAT
  arm64: Restrict ARM64_ERRATUM_1188873 mitigation to AArch32
  arm64: mm: Remove pte_unmap_nested()
  arm64: Fix compiler warning from pte_unmap() with -Wunused-but-set-variable
  arm64: compat: Reduce address limit for 64K pages
  ...

Pull mmiowb removal from Will Deacon:
 "Remove Mysterious Macro Intended to Obscure Weird Behaviours (mmiowb())

  Remove mmiowb() from the kernel memory barrier API and instead, for
  architectures that need it, hide the barrier inside spin_unlock() when
  MMIO has been performed inside the critical section.

  The only relatively recent changes have been addressing review
  comments on the documentation, which is in a much better shape thanks
  to the efforts of Ben and Ingo.

  I was initially planning to split this into two pull requests so that
  you could run the coccinelle script yourself, however it's been plain
  sailing in linux-next so I've just included the whole lot here to keep
  things simple"

* tag 'arm64-mmiowb' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (23 commits)
  docs/memory-barriers.txt: Update I/O section to be clearer about CPU vs thread
  docs/memory-barriers.txt: Fix style, spacing and grammar in I/O section
  arch: Remove dummy mmiowb() definitions from arch code
  net/ethernet/silan/sc92031: Remove stale comment about mmiowb()
  i40iw: Redefine i40iw_mmiowb() to do nothing
  scsi/qla1280: Remove stale comment about mmiowb()
  drivers: Remove explicit invocations of mmiowb()
  drivers: Remove useless trailing comments from mmiowb() invocations
  Documentation: Kill all references to mmiowb()
  riscv/mmiowb: Hook up mmwiob() implementation to asm-generic code
  powerpc/mmiowb: Hook up mmwiob() implementation to asm-generic code
  ia64/mmiowb: Add unconditional mmiowb() to arch_spin_unlock()
  mips/mmiowb: Add unconditional mmiowb() to arch_spin_unlock()
  sh/mmiowb: Add unconditional mmiowb() to arch_spin_unlock()
  m68k/io: Remove useless definition of mmiowb()
  nds32/io: Remove useless definition of mmiowb()
  x86/io: Remove useless definition of mmiowb()
  arm64/io: Remove useless definition of mmiowb()
  ARM/io: Remove useless definition of mmiowb()
  mmiowb: Hook up mmiowb helpers to spinlocks and generic I/O accessors
  ...

Pull s390 updates from Martin Schwidefsky:

 - Support for kernel address space layout randomization

 - Add support for kernel image signature verification

 - Convert s390 to the generic get_user_pages_fast code

 - Convert s390 to the stack unwind API analog to x86

 - Add support for CPU directed interrupts for PCI devices

 - Provide support for MIO instructions to the PCI base layer, this will
   allow the use of direct PCI mappings in user space code

 - Add the basic KVM guest ultravisor interface for protected VMs

 - Add AT_HWCAP bits for several new hardware capabilities

 - Update the CPU measurement facility counter definitions to SVN 6

 - Arnds cleanup patches for his quest to get LLVM compiles working

 - A vfio-ccw update with bug fixes and support for halt and clear

 - Improvements for the hardware TRNG code

 - Another round of cleanup for the QDIO layer

 - Numerous cleanups and bug fixes

* tag 's390-5.2-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (98 commits)
  s390/vdso: drop unnecessary cc-ldoption
  s390: fix clang -Wpointer-sign warnigns in boot code
  s390: drop CONFIG_VIRT_TO_BUS
  s390: boot, purgatory: pass $(CLANG_FLAGS) where needed
  s390: only build for new CPUs with clang
  s390: simplify disabled_wait
  s390/ftrace: use HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR
  s390/unwind: introduce stack unwind API
  s390/opcodes: add missing instructions to the disassembler
  s390/bug: add entry size to the __bug_table section
  s390: use proper expoline sections for .dma code
  s390/nospec: rename assembler generated expoline thunks
  s390: add missing ENDPROC statements to assembler functions
  locking/lockdep: check for freed initmem in static_obj()
  s390/kernel: add support for kernel address space layout randomization (KASLR)
  s390/kernel: introduce .dma sections
  s390/sclp: do not use static sccbs
  s390/kprobes: use static buffer for insn_page
  s390/kernel: convert SYSCALL and PGM_CHECK handlers to .quad
  s390/kernel: build a relocatable kernel
  ...

Pull m68k updates from Geert Uytterhoeven:

 - drop arch_gettimeoffset and adopt clocksource API

 - defconfig updates

* tag 'm68k-for-v5.2-tag1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/geert/linux-m68k:
  Documentation/features/time: Mark m68k having modern-timekeeping
  m68k: defconfig: Update defconfigs for v5.1-rc1
  m68k: mvme16x: Handle timer counter overflow
  m68k: mvme16x: Convert to clocksource API
  m68k: mvme147: Handle timer counter overflow
  m68k: mvme147: Convert to clocksource API
  m68k: mac: Convert to clocksource API
  m68k: hp300: Handle timer counter overflow
  m68k: hp300: Convert to clocksource API
  m68k: bvme6000: Convert to clocksource API
  m68k: atari: Convert to clocksource API
  m68k: amiga: Convert to clocksource API
  m68k: Drop ARCH_USES_GETTIMEOFFSET
  m68k: apollo, q40, sun3, sun3x: Remove arch_gettimeoffset implementations
  m68k: mac: Fix VIA timer counter accesses
  m68k: Call timer_interrupt() with interrupts disabled

Pull x86 microcode loading update from Borislav Petkov:
 "A nice Intel microcode blob loading cleanup which gets rid of the ugly
  memcpy wrappers and switches the driver to use the iov_iter API. By
  Jann Horn.

  In addition, the /dev/cpu/microcode interface is finally deprecated as
  it is inadequate for the same reasons the late microcode loading is"

* 'x86-microcode-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/microcode: Deprecate MICROCODE_OLD_INTERFACE
  x86/microcode: Fix the ancient deprecated microcode loading method
  x86/microcode/intel: Refactor Intel microcode blob loading

Pull x86 topology updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Two main changes: preparatory changes for Intel multi-die topology
  support, plus a syslog message tweak"

* 'x86-topology-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/topology: Make DEBUG_HOTPLUG_CPU0 pr_info() more descriptive
  x86/smpboot: Rename match_die() to match_pkg()
  topology: Simplify cputopology.txt formatting and wording
  x86/topology: Fix documentation typo

Pull x86 timer updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Two changes: an LTO improvement, plus the new 'nowatchdog' boot option
  to disable the clocksource watchdog"

* 'x86-timers-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/timer: Don't inline __const_udelay()
  x86/tsc: Add option to disable tsc clocksource watchdog

Pull x86 platform updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Smaller update for Hyper-V to support EOI assist, plus LTO fixes"

* 'x86-platform-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/kvm: Make steal_time visible
  x86/hyperv: Make hv_vcpu_is_preempted() visible
  x86/hyper-v: Implement EOI assist

Pull x86 mm updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The changes in here are:

   - text_poke() fixes and an extensive set of executability lockdowns,
     to (hopefully) eliminate the last residual circumstances under
     which we are using W|X mappings even temporarily on x86 kernels.
     This required a broad range of surgery in text patching facilities,
     module loading, trampoline handling and other bits.

   - tweak page fault messages to be more informative and more
     structured.

   - remove DISCONTIGMEM support on x86-32 and make SPARSEMEM the
     default.

   - reduce KASLR granularity on 5-level paging kernels from 512 GB to
     1 GB.

   - misc other changes and updates"

* 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (36 commits)
  x86/mm: Initialize PGD cache during mm initialization
  x86/alternatives: Add comment about module removal races
  x86/kprobes: Use vmalloc special flag
  x86/ftrace: Use vmalloc special flag
  bpf: Use vmalloc special flag
  modules: Use vmalloc special flag
  mm/vmalloc: Add flag for freeing of special permsissions
  mm/hibernation: Make hibernation handle unmapped pages
  x86/mm/cpa: Add set_direct_map_*() functions
  x86/alternatives: Remove the return value of text_poke_*()
  x86/jump-label: Remove support for custom text poker
  x86/modules: Avoid breaking W^X while loading modules
  x86/kprobes: Set instruction page as executable
  x86/ftrace: Set trampoline pages as executable
  x86/kgdb: Avoid redundant comparison of patched code
  x86/alternatives: Use temporary mm for text poking
  x86/alternatives: Initialize temporary mm for patching
  fork: Provide a function for copying init_mm
  uprobes: Initialize uprobes earlier
  x86/mm: Save debug registers when loading a temporary mm
  ...

Pull x86 kdump update from Ingo Molnar:
 "This includes two changes:

   - Raise the crash kernel reservation limit from from ~896MB to ~4GB.

     Only very old (and already known-broken) kexec-tools is supposed to
     be affected by this negatively.

   - Allow higher than 4GB crash kernel allocations when low allocations
     fail"

* 'x86-kdump-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/kdump: Fall back to reserve high crashkernel memory
  x86/kdump: Have crashkernel=X reserve under 4G by default

Pull x86 irq updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Here are the main changes in this tree:

   - Introduce x86-64 IRQ/exception/debug stack guard pages to detect
     stack overflows immediately and deterministically.

   - Clean up over a decade worth of cruft accumulated.

  The outcome of this should be more clear-cut faults/crashes when any
  of the low level x86 CPU stacks overflow, instead of silent memory
  corruption and sporadic failures much later on"

* 'x86-irq-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (33 commits)
  x86/irq: Fix outdated comments
  x86/irq/64: Remove stack overflow debug code
  x86/irq/64: Remap the IRQ stack with guard pages
  x86/irq/64: Split the IRQ stack into its own pages
  x86/irq/64: Init hardirq_stack_ptr during CPU hotplug
  x86/irq/32: Handle irq stack allocation failure proper
  x86/irq/32: Invoke irq_ctx_init() from init_IRQ()
  x86/irq/64: Rename irq_stack_ptr to hardirq_stack_ptr
  x86/irq/32: Rename hard/softirq_stack to hard/softirq_stack_ptr
  x86/irq/32: Make irq stack a character array
  x86/irq/32: Define IRQ_STACK_SIZE
  x86/dumpstack/64: Speedup in_exception_stack()
  x86/exceptions: Split debug IST stack
  x86/exceptions: Enable IST guard pages
  x86/exceptions: Disconnect IST index and stack order
  x86/cpu: Remove orig_ist array
  x86/cpu: Prepare TSS.IST setup for guard pages
  x86/dumpstack/64: Use cpu_entry_area instead of orig_ist
  x86/irq/64: Use cpu entry area instead of orig_ist
  x86/traps: Use cpu_entry_area instead of orig_ist
  ...

Pull x86 entry cleanup from Ingo Molnar:
 "A single commit that removes a redundant complication from
  preempt-schedule handling in the x86 entry code"

* 'x86-entry-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/entry: Remove unneeded need_resched() loop

Pull x86 cpu updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Two changes: a Hygon CPU fix, and an optimization Centaur CPUs"

* 'x86-cpu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/power: Optimize C3 entry on Centaur CPUs
  x86/CPU/hygon: Fix phys_proc_id calculation logic for multi-die processors

Pull x86 cleanups from Ingo Molnar:
 "A handful of cleanups: dma-ops cleanups, missing boot time kcalloc()
  check, a Sparse fix and use struct_size() to simplify a vzalloc()
  call"

* 'x86-cleanups-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/pci: Clean up usage of X86_DEV_DMA_OPS
  x86/Kconfig: Remove the unused X86_DMA_REMAP KConfig symbol
  x86/kexec/crash: Use struct_size() in vzalloc()
  x86/mm/tlb: Define LOADED_MM_SWITCHING with pointer-sized number
  x86/platform/uv: Fix missing checks of kcalloc() return values

Pull x86 cache QoS updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "An RDT cleanup and a fix for RDT initialization of new resource
  groups"

* 'x86-cache-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/resctrl: Initialize a new resource group with default MBA values
  x86/resctrl: Move per RDT domain initialization to a separate function

Pull x86 build updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Misc updates:

   - Add link flag quirk to solve LLVM linker bug that removes local
     relocations, causing KASLR boot failures.

   - Update the defconfigs to remove archaic partition table support

   - Fix kernel growing pains: we had a bug in relocs.c handling section
     header table entries count larger than 0xff00 (~65k), which can
     happen with the -ffunction-sections flag, causing a build failure
     with a cryptic error message. Add support for detecting the limit
     and using the ELF protocol that extends the sections table via
     ->sh_size. The new limit is now much larger - over a billion
     entries?"

* 'x86-build-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/tools/relocs: Fix big section header tables
  x86/defconfig: Remove archaic partition tables support
  x86/build: Keep local relocations with ld.lld

Pull x86 asm updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "This includes the following changes:

   - cpu_has() cleanups

   - sync_bitops.h modernization to the rmwcc.h facility, similarly to
     bitops.h

   - continued LTO annotations/fixes

   - misc cleanups and smaller cleanups"

* 'x86-asm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/um/vdso: Drop unnecessary cc-ldoption
  x86/vdso: Rename variable to fix -Wshadow warning
  x86/cpu/amd: Exclude 32bit only assembler from 64bit build
  x86/asm: Mark all top level asm statements as .text
  x86/build/vdso: Add FORCE to the build rule of %.so
  x86/asm: Modernize sync_bitops.h
  x86/mm: Convert some slow-path static_cpu_has() callers to boot_cpu_has()
  x86: Convert some slow-path static_cpu_has() callers to boot_cpu_has()
  x86/asm: Clarify static_cpu_has()'s intended use
  x86/uaccess: Fix implicit cast of __user pointer
  x86/cpufeature: Remove __pure attribute to _static_cpu_has()

Pull x86 apic update from Ingo Molnar:
 "A single commit which unifies the unnecessarily diverged
  implementations of APIC timer initialization. As a result the
  max_delta parameter is now consistently taken into account"

* 'x86-apic-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/apic: Unify duplicated local apic timer clockevent initialization

Pull timer updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "This cycle had the following changes:

   - Timer tracing improvements (Anna-Maria Gleixner)

   - Continued tasklet reduction work: remove the hrtimer_tasklet
     (Thomas Gleixner)

   - Fix CPU hotplug remove race in the tick-broadcast mask handling
     code (Thomas Gleixner)

   - Force upper bound for setting CLOCK_REALTIME, to fix ABI
     inconsistencies with handling values that are close to the maximum
     supported and the vagueness of when uptime related wraparound might
     occur. Make the consistent maximum the year 2232 across all
     relevant ABIs and APIs. (Thomas Gleixner)

   - various cleanups and smaller fixes"

* 'timers-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  tick: Fix typos in comments
  tick/broadcast: Fix warning about undefined tick_broadcast_oneshot_offline()
  timekeeping: Force upper bound for setting CLOCK_REALTIME
  timer/trace: Improve timer tracing
  timer/trace: Replace deprecated vsprintf pointer extension %pf by %ps
  timer: Move trace point to get proper index
  tick/sched: Update tick_sched struct documentation
  tick: Remove outgoing CPU from broadcast masks
  timekeeping: Consistently use unsigned int for seqcount snapshot
  softirq: Remove tasklet_hrtimer
  xfrm: Replace hrtimer tasklet with softirq hrtimer
  mac80211_hwsim: Replace hrtimer tasklet with softirq hrtimer

Pull CPU hotplug updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Two changes in this cycle:

   - Make the /sys/devices/system/cpu/smt/* files available on all
     arches, so user space has a consistent way to detect whether SMT is
     enabled.

   - Sparse annotation fix"

* 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  smpboot: Place the __percpu annotation correctly
  cpu/hotplug: Create SMT sysfs interface for all arches

Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this cycle were:

   - Make nohz housekeeping processing more permissive and less
     intrusive to isolated CPUs

   - Decouple CPU-bound workqueue acconting from the scheduler and move
     it into the workqueue code.

   - Optimize topology building

   - Better handle quota and period overflows

   - Add more RCU annotations

   - Comment updates, misc cleanups"

* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (25 commits)
  nohz_full: Allow the boot CPU to be nohz_full
  sched/isolation: Require a present CPU in housekeeping mask
  kernel/cpu: Allow non-zero CPU to be primary for suspend / kexec freeze
  power/suspend: Add function to disable secondaries for suspend
  sched/core: Allow the remote scheduler tick to be started on CPU0
  sched/nohz: Run NOHZ idle load balancer on HK_FLAG_MISC CPUs
  sched/debug: Fix spelling mistake "logaritmic" -> "logarithmic"
  sched/topology: Update init_sched_domains() comment
  cgroup/cpuset: Update stale generate_sched_domains() comments
  sched/core: Check quota and period overflow at usec to nsec conversion
  sched/core: Handle overflow in cpu_shares_write_u64
  sched/rt: Check integer overflow at usec to nsec conversion
  sched/core: Fix typo in comment
  sched/core: Make some functions static
  sched/core: Unify p->on_rq updates
  sched/core: Remove ttwu_activate()
  sched/core, workqueues: Distangle worker accounting from rq lock
  sched/fair: Remove unneeded prototype of capacity_of()
  sched/topology: Skip duplicate group rewrites in build_sched_groups()
  sched/topology: Fix build_sched_groups() comment
  ...

Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main kernel changes were:

   - add support for Intel's "adaptive PEBS v4" - which embedds LBS data
     in PEBS records and can thus batch up and reduce the IRQ (NMI) rate
     significantly - reducing overhead and making call-graph profiling
     less intrusive.

   - add Intel CPU core and uncore support updates for Tremont, Icelake,

   - extend the x86 PMU constraints scheduler with 'constraint ranges'
     to better support Icelake hw constraints,

   - make x86 call-chain support work better with CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER=y

   - misc other changes

  Tooling changes:

   - updates to the main tools: 'perf record', 'perf trace', 'perf
     stat'

   - updated Intel and S/390 vendor events

   - libtraceevent updates

   - misc other updates and fixes"

* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (69 commits)
  perf/x86: Make perf callchains work without CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
  watchdog: Fix typo in comment
  perf/x86/intel: Add Tremont core PMU support
  perf/x86/intel/uncore: Add Intel Icelake uncore support
  perf/x86/msr: Add Icelake support
  perf/x86/intel/rapl: Add Icelake support
  perf/x86/intel/cstate: Add Icelake support
  perf/x86/intel: Add Icelake support
  perf/x86: Support constraint ranges
  perf/x86/lbr: Avoid reading the LBRs when adaptive PEBS handles them
  perf/x86/intel: Support adaptive PEBS v4
  perf/x86/intel/ds: Extract code of event update in short period
  perf/x86/intel: Extract memory code PEBS parser for reuse
  perf/x86: Support outputting XMM registers
  perf/x86/intel: Force resched when TFA sysctl is modified
  perf/core: Add perf_pmu_resched() as global function
  perf/headers: Fix stale comment for struct perf_addr_filter
  perf/core: Make perf_swevent_init_cpu() static
  perf/x86: Add sanity checks to x86_schedule_events()
  perf/x86: Optimize x86_schedule_events()
  ...

Pull locking updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Here are the locking changes in this cycle:

   - rwsem unification and simpler micro-optimizations to prepare for
     more intrusive (and more lucrative) scalability improvements in
     v5.3 (Waiman Long)

   - Lockdep irq state tracking flag usage cleanups (Frederic
     Weisbecker)

   - static key improvements (Jakub Kicinski, Peter Zijlstra)

   - misc updates, cleanups and smaller fixes"

* 'locking-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (26 commits)
  locking/lockdep: Remove unnecessary unlikely()
  locking/static_key: Don't take sleeping locks in __static_key_slow_dec_deferred()
  locking/static_key: Factor out the fast path of static_key_slow_dec()
  locking/static_key: Add support for deferred static branches
  locking/lockdep: Test all incompatible scenarios at once in check_irq_usage()
  locking/lockdep: Avoid bogus Clang warning
  locking/lockdep: Generate LOCKF_ bit composites
  locking/lockdep: Use expanded masks on find_usage_*() functions
  locking/lockdep: Map remaining magic numbers to lock usage mask names
  locking/lockdep: Move valid_state() inside CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS && CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
  locking/rwsem: Prevent unneeded warning during locking selftest
  locking/rwsem: Optimize rwsem structure for uncontended lock acquisition
  locking/rwsem: Enable lock event counting
  locking/lock_events: Don't show pvqspinlock events on bare metal
  locking/lock_events: Make lock_events available for all archs & other locks
  locking/qspinlock_stat: Introduce generic lockevent_*() counting APIs
  locking/rwsem: Enhance DEBUG_RWSEMS_WARN_ON() macro
  locking/rwsem: Add debug check for __down_read*()
  locking/rwsem: Micro-optimize rwsem_try_read_lock_unqueued()
  locking/rwsem: Move rwsem internal function declarations to rwsem-xadd.h
  ...

Pull irq updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The changes in this cycle were:

   - Remove the irq timings/variance statistics code that tried to
     predict when the next interrupt would occur, which didn't work out
     as hoped and is replaced by another mechanism.

   - This new mechanism is the 'array suffix computation' estimate,
     which is superior to the previous one as it can detect not just a
     single periodic pattern, but independent periodic patterns along a
     log-2 scale of bucketing and exponential moving average. The
     comments are longer than the code - and it works better at
     predicting various complex interrupt patterns from real-world
     devices than the previous estimate.

   - avoid IRQ-work self-IPIs on the local CPU

   - fix work-list corruption in irq_set_affinity_notifier()"

* 'irq-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  irq_work: Do not raise an IPI when queueing work on the local CPU
  genirq/devres: Use struct_size() in devm_kzalloc()
  genirq/timings: Add array suffix computation code
  genirq/timings: Remove variance computation code
  genirq: Prevent use-after-free and work list corruption

Pull EFI updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The changes in this cycle were:

   - Squash a spurious warning when using the EFI framebuffer on a
     non-EFI boot

   - Use DMI data to annotate RAS memory errors on ARM just like we do
     on Intel

   - Followup cleanups for DMI

   - libstub Makefile cleanups"

* 'efi-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  efi/libstub/arm: Omit unneeded stripping of ksymtab/kcrctab sections
  efi: Unify DMI setup code over the arm/arm64, ia64 and x86 architectures
  efi/arm: Show SMBIOS bank/device location in CPER and GHES error logs
  efifb: Omit memory map check on legacy boot
  efi/libstub: Refactor the cmd_stubcopy Makefile command

Pull stack trace updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "So Thomas looked at the stacktrace code recently and noticed a few
  weirdnesses, and we all know how such stories of crummy kernel code
  meeting German engineering perfection end: a 45-patch series to clean
  it all up! :-)

  Here's the changes in Thomas's words:

   'Struct stack_trace is a sinkhole for input and output parameters
    which is largely pointless for most usage sites. In fact if embedded
    into other data structures it creates indirections and extra storage
    overhead for no benefit.

    Looking at all usage sites makes it clear that they just require an
    interface which is based on a storage array. That array is either on
    stack, global or embedded into some other data structure.

    Some of the stack depot usage sites are outright wrong, but
    fortunately the wrongness just causes more stack being used for
    nothing and does not have functional impact.

    Another oddity is the inconsistent termination of the stack trace
    with ULONG_MAX. It's pointless as the number of entries is what
    determines the length of the stored trace. In fact quite some call
    sites remove the ULONG_MAX marker afterwards with or without nasty
    comments about it. Not all architectures do that and those which do,
    do it inconsistenly either conditional on nr_entries == 0 or
    unconditionally.

    The following series cleans that up by:

      1) Removing the ULONG_MAX termination in the architecture code

      2) Removing the ULONG_MAX fixups at the call sites

      3) Providing plain storage array based interfaces for stacktrace
         and stackdepot.

      4) Cleaning up the mess at the callsites including some related
         cleanups.

      5) Removing the struct stack_trace based interfaces

    This is not changing the struct stack_trace interfaces at the
    architecture level, but it removes the exposure to the generic
    code'"

* 'core-stacktrace-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (45 commits)
  x86/stacktrace: Use common infrastructure
  stacktrace: Provide common infrastructure
  lib/stackdepot: Remove obsolete functions
  stacktrace: Remove obsolete functions
  livepatch: Simplify stack trace retrieval
  tracing: Remove the last struct stack_trace usage
  tracing: Simplify stack trace retrieval
  tracing: Make ftrace_trace_userstack() static and conditional
  tracing: Use percpu stack trace buffer more intelligently
  tracing: Simplify stacktrace retrieval in histograms
  lockdep: Simplify stack trace handling
  lockdep: Remove save argument from check_prev_add()
  lockdep: Remove unused trace argument from print_circular_bug()
  drm: Simplify stacktrace handling
  dm persistent data: Simplify stack trace handling
  dm bufio: Simplify stack trace retrieval
  btrfs: ref-verify: Simplify stack trace retrieval
  dma/debug: Simplify stracktrace retrieval
  fault-inject: Simplify stacktrace retrieval
  mm/page_owner: Simplify stack trace handling
  ...

Pull speculation mitigation update from Ingo Molnar:
 "This adds the "mitigations=" bootline option, which offers a
  cross-arch set of options that will work on x86, PowerPC and s390 that
  will map to the arch specific option internally"

* 'core-speculation-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  s390/speculation: Support 'mitigations=' cmdline option
  powerpc/speculation: Support 'mitigations=' cmdline option
  x86/speculation: Support 'mitigations=' cmdline option
  cpu/speculation: Add 'mitigations=' cmdline option

Pull rseq updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "A cleanup and a fix to comments"

* 'core-rseq-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  rseq: Remove superfluous rseq_len from task_struct
  rseq: Clean up comments by reflecting removal of event counter

Pull RCU updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "This cycles's RCU changes include:

   - a couple of straggling RCU flavor consolidation updates

   - SRCU updates

   - RCU CPU stall-warning updates

   - torture-test updates

   - an LKMM commit adding support for synchronize_srcu_expedited()

   - documentation updates

   - miscellaneous fixes"

* 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (57 commits)
  net/ipv4/netfilter: Update comment from call_rcu_bh() to call_rcu()
  tools/memory-model: Add support for synchronize_srcu_expedited()
  doc/kprobes: Update obsolete RCU update functions
  torture: Suppress false-positive CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE complaint
  locktorture: NULL cxt.lwsa and cxt.lrsa to allow bad-arg detection
  rcuperf: Fix cleanup path for invalid perf_type strings
  rcutorture: Fix cleanup path for invalid torture_type strings
  rcutorture: Fix expected forward progress duration in OOM notifier
  rcutorture: Remove ->ext_irq_conflict field
  rcutorture: Make rcutorture_extend_mask() comment match the code
  tools/.../rcutorture: Convert to SPDX license identifier
  torture: Don't try to offline the last CPU
  rcu: Fix nohz status in stall warning
  rcu: Move forward-progress checkers into tree_stall.h
  rcu: Move irq-disabled stall-warning checking to tree_stall.h
  rcu: Organize functions in tree_stall.h
  rcu: Move FAST_NO_HZ stall-warning code to tree_stall.h
  rcu: Inline RCU stall-warning info helper functions
  rcu: Move rcu_print_task_exp_stall() to tree_exp.h
  rcu: Inline RCU task stall-warning helper functions
  ...

Pull objtool updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "This is a series from Peter Zijlstra that adds x86 build-time uaccess
  validation of SMAP to objtool, which will detect and warn about the
  following uaccess API usage bugs and weirdnesses:

   - call to %s() with UACCESS enabled
   - return with UACCESS enabled
   - return with UACCESS disabled from a UACCESS-safe function
   - recursive UACCESS enable
   - redundant UACCESS disable
   - UACCESS-safe disables UACCESS

  As it turns out not leaking uaccess permissions outside the intended
  uaccess functionality is hard when the interfaces are complex and when
  such bugs are mostly dormant.

  As a bonus we now also check the DF flag. We had at least one
  high-profile bug in that area in the early days of Linux, and the
  checking is fairly simple. The checks performed and warnings emitted
  are:

   - call to %s() with DF set
   - return with DF set
   - return with modified stack frame
   - recursive STD
   - redundant CLD

  It's all x86-only for now, but later on this can also be used for PAN
  on ARM and objtool is fairly cross-platform in principle.

  While all warnings emitted by this new checking facility that got
  reported to us were fixed, there might be GCC version dependent
  warnings that were not reported yet - which we'll address, should they
  trigger.

  The warnings are non-fatal build warnings"

* 'core-objtool-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (27 commits)
  mm/uaccess: Use 'unsigned long' to placate UBSAN warnings on older GCC versions
  x86/uaccess: Dont leak the AC flag into __put_user() argument evaluation
  sched/x86_64: Don't save flags on context switch
  objtool: Add Direction Flag validation
  objtool: Add UACCESS validation
  objtool: Fix sibling call detection
  objtool: Rewrite alt->skip_orig
  objtool: Add --backtrace support
  objtool: Rewrite add_ignores()
  objtool: Handle function aliases
  objtool: Set insn->func for alternatives
  x86/uaccess, kcov: Disable stack protector
  x86/uaccess, ftrace: Fix ftrace_likely_update() vs. SMAP
  x86/uaccess, ubsan: Fix UBSAN vs. SMAP
  x86/uaccess, kasan: Fix KASAN vs SMAP
  x86/smap: Ditch __stringify()
  x86/uaccess: Introduce user_access_{save,restore}()
  x86/uaccess, signal: Fix AC=1 bloat
  x86/uaccess: Always inline user_access_begin()
  x86/uaccess, xen: Suppress SMAP warnings
  ...

Pull unified TLB flushing from Ingo Molnar:
 "This contains the generic mmu_gather feature from Peter Zijlstra,
  which is an all-arch unification of TLB flushing APIs, via the
  following (broad) steps:

   - enhance the <asm-generic/tlb.h> APIs to cover more arch details

   - convert most TLB flushing arch implementations to the generic
     <asm-generic/tlb.h> APIs.

   - remove leftovers of per arch implementations

  After this series every single architecture makes use of the unified
  TLB flushing APIs"

* 'core-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  mm/resource: Use resource_overlaps() to simplify region_intersects()
  ia64/tlb: Eradicate tlb_migrate_finish() callback
  asm-generic/tlb: Remove tlb_table_flush()
  asm-generic/tlb: Remove tlb_flush_mmu_free()
  asm-generic/tlb: Remove CONFIG_HAVE_GENERIC_MMU_GATHER
  asm-generic/tlb: Remove arch_tlb*_mmu()
  s390/tlb: Convert to generic mmu_gather
  asm-generic/tlb: Introduce CONFIG_HAVE_MMU_GATHER_NO_GATHER=y
  arch/tlb: Clean up simple architectures
  um/tlb: Convert to generic mmu_gather
  sh/tlb: Convert SH to generic mmu_gather
  ia64/tlb: Convert to generic mmu_gather
  arm/tlb: Convert to generic mmu_gather
  asm-generic/tlb, arch: Invert CONFIG_HAVE_RCU_TABLE_INVALIDATE
  asm-generic/tlb, ia64: Conditionally provide tlb_migrate_finish()
  asm-generic/tlb: Provide generic tlb_flush() based on flush_tlb_mm()
  asm-generic/tlb, arch: Provide generic tlb_flush() based on flush_tlb_range()
  asm-generic/tlb, arch: Provide generic VIPT cache flush
  asm-generic/tlb, arch: Provide CONFIG_HAVE_MMU_GATHER_PAGE_SIZE
  asm-generic/tlb: Provide a comment

Make the forward declaration actually match the real function
definition, something that previous versions of gcc had just ignored.

This is another patch to fix new warnings from gcc-9 before I start the
merge window pulls.  I don't want to miss legitimate new warnings just
because my system update brought a new compiler with new warnings.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The kernel the kernel is built with -Wvla for some time, so is not
supposed to have any variable length arrays.  Remove vla bounds checking
from ubsan since it's useless now.
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Building lib/ubsan.c with gcc-9 results in a ton of nasty warnings like
this one:

    lib/ubsan.c warning: conflicting types for built-in function
         ‘__ubsan_handle_negate_overflow’; expected ‘void(void *, void *)’ [-Wbuiltin-declaration-mismatch]

The kernel's declarations of __ubsan_handle_*() often uses 'unsigned
long' types in parameters while GCC these parameters as 'void *' types,
hence the mismatch.

Fix this by using 'void *' to match GCC's declarations.
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Fixes: c6d30853 ("UBSAN: run-time undefined behavior sanity checker")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

M68k no longer uses arch_gettimeoffset.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>

* pm-devfreq:
  PM / devfreq: add tracing for scheduling work
  trace: events: add devfreq trace event file
  PM / devfreq: rk3399_dmc: Pass ODT and auto power down parameters to TF-A.
  PM / devfreq: rockchip-dfi: Move GRF definitions to a common place.
  PM / devfreq: exynos-bus: Suspend all devices on system shutdown
  PM / devfreq: Fix static checker warning in try_then_request_governor
  PM / devfreq: Restart previous governor if new governor fails to start
  PM / devfreq: tegra: remove unneeded variable
  PM / devfreq: rockchip-dfi: remove unneeded semicolon
  PM / devfreq: rk3399_dmc: remove unneeded semicolon
  PM / devfreq: consistent indentation
  PM / devfreq: fix missing check of return value in devfreq_add_device()
  PM / devfreq: fix mem leak in devfreq_add_device()
  PM / devfreq: Use of_node_name_eq for node name comparisons

* pm-domains:
  PM / Domains: Allow to attach a CPU via genpd_dev_pm_attach_by_id|name()
  PM / Domains: Search for the CPU device outside the genpd lock
  PM / Domains: Drop unused in-parameter to some genpd functions
  PM / Domains: Use the base device for driver_deferred_probe_check_state()
  PM / Domains: Enable genpd_dev_pm_attach_by_id|name() for single PM domain
  PM / Domains: Allow OF lookup for multi PM domain case from ->attach_dev()
  PM / Domains: Don't kfree() the virtual device in the error path
  PM / Domains: remove unnecessary unlikely()

* pm-docs:
  Documentation: PM: Unify copyright notices
  Documentation: PM: Add SPDX license tags to multiple files
  cpufreq: intel_pstate: Documentation: Add references sections

* pm-misc:
  firmware/psci: add support for SYSTEM_RESET2
  drivers: firmware: psci: Announce support for OS initiated suspend mode
  drivers: firmware: psci: Simplify error path of psci_dt_init()
  drivers: firmware: psci: Split psci_dt_cpu_init_idle()
  MAINTAINERS: Update files for PSCI
  drivers: firmware: psci: Move psci to separate directory

* pm-cpuidle:
  PM / Domains: Add genpd governor for CPUs
  cpuidle: Export the next timer expiration for CPUs
  PM / Domains: Add support for CPU devices to genpd
  PM / Domains: Add generic data pointer to struct genpd_power_state
  cpuidle: exynos: Unify target residency for AFTR and coupled AFTR states

* pm-sleep:
  PM / core: Propagate dev->power.wakeup_path when no callbacks
  PM / core: Introduce dpm_async_fn() helper
  PM / core: fix kerneldoc comment for device_pm_wait_for_dev()
  PM / core: fix kerneldoc comment for dpm_watchdog_handler()
  PM / sleep: Measure the time of filesystems syncing
  PM / sleep: Refactor filesystems sync to reduce duplication
  PM / wakeup: Use pm_pr_dbg() instead of pr_debug()