1. 27 Mar, 2015 5 commits
  2. 25 Mar, 2015 1 commit
  3. 24 Mar, 2015 13 commits
    • Ingo Molnar's avatar
      x86/asm: Further improve segment.h readability · 72d64cc7
      Ingo Molnar authored
       - extend/clarify explanations where necessary
      
       - move comments from macro values to before the macro, to
         make them more consistent, and to reduce preprocessor overhead
      
       - sort GDT index and selector values likewise by number
      
       - use consistent, modern kernel coding style across the file
      
       - capitalize consistently
      
       - use consistent vertical spacing
      
       - remove the unused get_limit() method (noticed by Andy Lutomirski)
      
      No change in code (verified with objdump -d):
      
       64-bit defconfig+kvmconfig:
      
         815a129bc1f80de6445c1d8ca5b97cad  vmlinux.o.before.asm
         815a129bc1f80de6445c1d8ca5b97cad  vmlinux.o.after.asm
      
       32-bit defconfig+kvmconfig:
      
         e659ef045159ddf41a0771b33a34aae5  vmlinux.o.before.asm
         e659ef045159ddf41a0771b33a34aae5  vmlinux.o.after.asm
      Acked-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
      Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
      Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
      Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
      Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      72d64cc7
    • Andy Lutomirski's avatar
      x86/asm/entry: Check for syscall exit work with IRQs disabled · b3494a4a
      Andy Lutomirski authored
      We currently have a race: if we're preempted during syscall
      exit, we can fail to process syscall return work that is queued
      up while we're preempted in ret_from_sys_call after checking
      ti.flags.
      
      Fix it by disabling interrupts before checking ti.flags.
      Reported-by: default avatarStefan Seyfried <stefan.seyfried@googlemail.com>
      Reported-by: default avatarTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarDenys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
      Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
      Fixes: 96b6352c ("x86_64, entry: Remove the syscall exit audit")
      Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/189320d42b4d671df78c10555976bb10af1ffc75.1427137498.git.luto@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      b3494a4a
    • Ingo Molnar's avatar
      x86/asm/entry/64: Rename THREAD_INFO() to ASM_THREAD_INFO() · dca5b52a
      Ingo Molnar authored
      The THREAD_INFO() macro has a somewhat confusingly generic name,
      defined in a generic .h C header file. It also does not make it
      clear that it constructs a memory operand for use in assembly
      code.
      
      Rename it to ASM_THREAD_INFO() to make it all glaringly
      obvious on first glance.
      Acked-by: default avatarBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
      Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
      Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
      Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
      Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
      Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
      Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
      Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
      Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150324184442.GC14760@gmail.comSigned-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      dca5b52a
    • Ingo Molnar's avatar
      x86/asm/entry/64: Merge the field offset into the THREAD_INFO() macro · f9d71854
      Ingo Molnar authored
      Before:
      
         TI_sysenter_return+THREAD_INFO(%rsp,3*8),%r10d
      
      After:
      
         movl    THREAD_INFO(TI_sysenter_return, %rsp, 3*8), %r10d
      
      to turn it into a clear thread_info accessor.
      
      No code changed:
      
       md5:
         fb4cb2b3ce05d89940ca304efc8ff183  ia32entry.o.before.asm
         fb4cb2b3ce05d89940ca304efc8ff183  ia32entry.o.after.asm
      
         e39f2958a5d1300158e276e4f7663263  entry_64.o.before.asm
         e39f2958a5d1300158e276e4f7663263  entry_64.o.after.asm
      Acked-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarDenys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
      Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
      Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
      Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
      Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
      Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
      Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
      Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150324184411.GB14760@gmail.comSigned-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      f9d71854
    • Ingo Molnar's avatar
      x86/asm/entry/64: Improve the THREAD_INFO() macro explanation · 1ddc6f3c
      Ingo Molnar authored
      Explain the background, and add a real example.
      Acked-by: default avatarDenys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
      Acked-by: default avatarBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
      Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
      Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
      Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
      Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
      Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
      Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
      Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150324184311.GA14760@gmail.comSigned-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      1ddc6f3c
    • Ingo Molnar's avatar
      x86/asm/entry/64: Always set up SYSENTER MSRs · d56fe4bf
      Ingo Molnar authored
      On CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION=y kernels we set up
      MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS/ESP/EIP, but on !CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
      kernels we leave them unchanged.
      
      Clear them to make sure the instruction is disabled properly.
      
      SYSCALL is set up properly in both cases.
      Acked-by: default avatarDenys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
      Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
      Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
      Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
      Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      d56fe4bf
    • Denys Vlasenko's avatar
      x86/asm: Deobfuscate segment.h · 84f53788
      Denys Vlasenko authored
      This file just defines a number of constants, and a few macros
      and inline functions. It is particularly badly written.
      
      For example, it is not trivial to see how descriptors are
      numbered (you'd expect that should be easy, right?).
      
      This change deobfuscates it via the following changes:
      
      Group all GDT_ENTRY_foo together (move intervening stuff away).
      
      Number them explicitly: use a number, not PREV_DEFINE+1, +2, +3:
      I want to immediately see that GDT_ENTRY_PNPBIOS_CS32 is 18.
      Seeing (GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_BASE+6) instead is not useful.
      
      The above change allows to remove GDT_ENTRY_KERNEL_BASE
      and GDT_ENTRY_PNPBIOS_BASE, which weren't used anywhere else.
      
      After a group of GDT_ENTRY_foo, define all selector values.
      
      Remove or improve some comments. In particular:
      Comment deleted as stating the obvious:
          /*
           * The GDT has 32 entries
           */
          #define GDT_ENTRIES 32
      
      "The segment offset needs to contain a RPL. Grr. -AK"
          changed to
      "Selectors need to also have a correct RPL (+3 thingy)"
      
      "GDT layout to get 64bit syscall right (sysret hardcodes gdt
      offsets)" expanded into a description *how exactly* sysret
      hardcodes them.
      
      Patch was tested to compile and not change vmlinux.o
      on 32-bit and 64-bit builds (verified with objdump).
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDenys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
      Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
      Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
      Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
      Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      84f53788
    • Denys Vlasenko's avatar
      x86/asm/entry/64: Get rid of int_ret_from_sys_call_fixup · 65c23774
      Denys Vlasenko authored
      With the FIXUP_TOP_OF_STACK macro removed, this intermediate jump
      is unnecessary.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDenys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
      Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
      Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
      Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
      Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
      Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
      Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
      Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1426785469-15125-5-git-send-email-dvlasenk@redhat.comSigned-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      65c23774
    • Denys Vlasenko's avatar
      x86/asm/entry/64: Get rid of the FIXUP_TOP_OF_STACK/RESTORE_TOP_OF_STACK macros · a71ffdd7
      Denys Vlasenko authored
      The FIXUP_TOP_OF_STACK macro is only necessary because we don't save %r11
      to pt_regs->r11 on SYSCALL64 fast path, but we want ptrace to see it populated.
      
      Bite the bullet, add a single additional PUSH instruction, and remove
      the FIXUP_TOP_OF_STACK macro.
      
      The RESTORE_TOP_OF_STACK macro is already a nop. Remove it too.
      
      On SandyBridge CPU, it does not get slower:
      measured 54.22 ns per getpid syscall before and after last two
      changes on defconfig kernel.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDenys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
      Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
      Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
      Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
      Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
      Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
      Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
      Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1426785469-15125-4-git-send-email-dvlasenk@redhat.comSigned-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      a71ffdd7
    • Denys Vlasenko's avatar
      x86/asm/entry/64: Use PUSH instructions to build pt_regs on stack · 9ed8e7d8
      Denys Vlasenko authored
      With this change, on SYSCALL64 code path we are now populating
      pt_regs->cs, pt_regs->ss and pt_regs->rcx unconditionally and
      therefore don't need to do that in FIXUP_TOP_OF_STACK.
      
      We lose a number of large instructions there:
      
          text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
         13298       0       0   13298    33f2 entry_64_before.o
         12978       0       0   12978    32b2 entry_64.o
      
      What's more important, we convert two "MOVQ $imm,off(%rsp)" to
      "PUSH $imm" (the ones which fill pt_regs->cs,ss).
      
      Before this patch, placing them on fast path was slowing it down
      by two cycles: this form of MOV is very large, 12 bytes, and
      this probably reduces decode bandwidth to one instruction per cycle
      when CPU sees them.
      
      Therefore they were living in FIXUP_TOP_OF_STACK instead (away
      from fast path).
      
      "PUSH $imm" is a small 2-byte instruction. Moving it to fast path does
      not slow it down in my measurements.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDenys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
      Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
      Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
      Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
      Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
      Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
      Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
      Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1426785469-15125-3-git-send-email-dvlasenk@redhat.comSigned-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      9ed8e7d8
    • Denys Vlasenko's avatar
      x86/asm/entry: Get rid of KERNEL_STACK_OFFSET · ef593260
      Denys Vlasenko authored
      PER_CPU_VAR(kernel_stack) was set up in a way where it points
      five stack slots below the top of stack.
      
      Presumably, it was done to avoid one "sub $5*8,%rsp"
      in syscall/sysenter code paths, where iret frame needs to be
      created by hand.
      
      Ironically, none of them benefits from this optimization,
      since all of them need to allocate additional data on stack
      (struct pt_regs), so they still have to perform subtraction.
      
      This patch eliminates KERNEL_STACK_OFFSET.
      
      PER_CPU_VAR(kernel_stack) now points directly to top of stack.
      pt_regs allocations are adjusted to allocate iret frame as well.
      Hopefully we can merge it later with 32-bit specific
      PER_CPU_VAR(cpu_current_top_of_stack) variable...
      
      Net result in generated code is that constants in several insns
      are changed.
      
      This change is necessary for changing struct pt_regs creation
      in SYSCALL64 code path from MOV to PUSH instructions.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDenys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
      Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
      Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
      Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
      Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
      Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
      Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
      Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1426785469-15125-2-git-send-email-dvlasenk@redhat.comSigned-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      ef593260
    • Denys Vlasenko's avatar
      x86/asm/entry/64: Change the THREAD_INFO() definition to not depend on KERNEL_STACK_OFFSET · b3fe8ba3
      Denys Vlasenko authored
      This changes the THREAD_INFO() definition and all its callsites
      so that they do not count stack position from
      (top of stack - KERNEL_STACK_OFFSET), but from top of stack.
      
      Semi-mysterious expressions THREAD_INFO(%rsp,RIP) - "why RIP??"
      are now replaced by more logical THREAD_INFO(%rsp,SIZEOF_PTREGS)
      - "calculate thread_info's address using information that
      rsp is SIZEOF_PTREGS bytes below top of stack".
      
      While at it, replace "(off)-THREAD_SIZE(reg)" with equivalent
      "((off)-THREAD_SIZE)(reg)". The form without parentheses
      falsely looks like we invoke THREAD_SIZE() macro.
      
      Improve comment atop THREAD_INFO macro definition.
      
      This patch does not change generated code (verified by objdump).
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDenys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
      Acked-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
      Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
      Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
      Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
      Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
      Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
      Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
      Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1426785469-15125-1-git-send-email-dvlasenk@redhat.comSigned-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      b3fe8ba3
    • Denys Vlasenko's avatar
      x86/asm/entry/64: Fold syscall32_cpu_init() into its sole user · a76c7f46
      Denys Vlasenko authored
      Having syscall32/sysenter32 initialization in a separate tiny
      function, called from within a function that is already syscall
      init specific, serves no real purpose.
      
      Its existense also caused an unintended effect of having
      wrmsrl(MSR_CSTAR) performed twice: once we set it to a dummy
      function returning -ENOSYS, and immediately after
      (if CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION), we set it to point to the proper
      syscall32 entry point, ia32_cstar_target.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDenys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
      Acked-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
      Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
      Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
      Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
      Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
      Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      a76c7f46
  4. 23 Mar, 2015 12 commits
  5. 22 Mar, 2015 7 commits
  6. 21 Mar, 2015 2 commits
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      Merge branch 'fixes' of git://git.infradead.org/users/vkoul/slave-dma · f8975224
      Linus Torvalds authored
      Pull slave dmaengine fixes from Vinod Koul:
       "Four fixes for dw, pl08x, imx-sdma and at_hdmac driver.  Nothing
        unusual here, simple fixes to these drivers"
      
      * 'fixes' of git://git.infradead.org/users/vkoul/slave-dma:
        dmaengine: pl08x: Define capabilities for generic capabilities reporting
        dmaengine: dw: append MODULE_ALIAS for platform driver
        dmaengine: imx-sdma: switch to dynamic context mode after script loaded
        dmaengine: at_hdmac: Fix calculation of the residual bytes
      f8975224
    • Linus Torvalds's avatar
      Merge tag 'pm+acpi-4.0-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm · 3d7a6db5
      Linus Torvalds authored
      Pull power management and ACPI fixes from Rafael Wysocki:
       "These are fixes for recent regressions (PCI/ACPI resources and at91
        RTC locking), a stable-candidate powercap RAPL driver fix and two ARM
        cpuidle fixes (one stable-candidate too).
      
        Specifics:
      
         - Revert a recent PCI commit related to IRQ resources management that
           introduced a regression for drivers attempting to bind to devices
           whose previous drivers did not balance pci_enable_device() and
           pci_disable_device() as expected (Rafael J Wysocki).
      
         - Fix a deadlock in at91_rtc_interrupt() introduced by a typo in a
           recent commit related to wakeup interrupt handling (Dan Carpenter).
      
         - Allow the power capping RAPL (Running-Average Power Limit) driver
           to use different energy units for domains within one CPU package
           which is necessary to handle Intel Haswell EP processors correctly
           (Jacob Pan).
      
         - Improve the cpuidle mvebu driver's handling of Armada XP SoCs by
           updating the target residency and exit latency numbers for those
           chips (Sebastien Rannou).
      
         - Prevent the cpuidle mvebu driver from calling cpu_pm_enter() twice
           in a row before cpu_pm_exit() is called on the same CPU which
           breaks the core's assumptions regarding the usage of those
           functions (Gregory Clement)"
      
      * tag 'pm+acpi-4.0-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm:
        Revert "x86/PCI: Refine the way to release PCI IRQ resources"
        rtc: at91rm9200: double locking bug in at91_rtc_interrupt()
        powercap / RAPL: handle domains with different energy units
        cpuidle: mvebu: Update cpuidle thresholds for Armada XP SOCs
        cpuidle: mvebu: Fix the CPU PM notifier usage
      3d7a6db5