blkg (blkcg_gq) currently is created by blkcg policies invoking
blkg_lookup_create() which ends up repeating about the same code in
different policies.  Theoretically, this can avoid the overhead of
looking and/or creating blkg's if blkcg is enabled but no policy is in
use; however, the cost of blkg lookup / creation is very low
especially if only the root blkcg is in use which is highly likely if
no blkcg policy is in active use - it boils down to a single very
predictable conditional and surrounding RCU protection.

This patch consolidates blkg creation to a new function
blkcg_bio_issue_check() which is called during bio issue from
generic_make_request_checks().  blkcg_bio_issue_check() is now the
only function which tries to create missing blkg's.  The subsequent
policy and request_list operations just perform blkg_lookup() and if
missing falls back to the root.

* blk_get_rl() no longer tries to create blkg.  It uses blkg_lookup()
  instead of blkg_lookup_create().

* blk_throtl_bio() is now called from blkcg_bio_issue_check() with rcu
  read locked and blkg already looked up.  Both throtl_lookup_tg() and
  throtl_lookup_create_tg() are dropped.

* cfq is similarly updated.  cfq_lookup_create_cfqg() is replaced with
  cfq_lookup_cfqg()which uses blkg_lookup().

This consolidates blkg handling and avoids unnecessary blkg creation
retries under memory pressure.  In addition, this provides a common
bio entry point into blkcg where things like common accounting can be
performed.

v2: Build fixes for !CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED and
    !CONFIG_BLK_DEV_THROTTLING.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

If a queue is bypassing, all blkcg policies should become noops but
blk-throttle wasn't.  It only became noop if the queue was dying.
While this wouldn't lead to an oops as falling back to the root blkg
is safe in this case, this can be a bit surprising - a bypassing queue
could still be applying throttle limits.

Fix it by removing blk_queue_dying() test in throtl_lookup_create_tg()
and testing blk_queue_bypass() in blk_throtl_bio() and bypassing
before doing anything else.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Currently, both throttle and cfq policies implement their own root
blkg (blkcg_gq) lookup fast path.  This patch moves root blkg
optimization from throtl_lookup_tg() to __blkg_lookup().  cfq-iosched
currently doesn't use blkg_lookup() but will be converted and drop the
optimization too.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

blkg_lookup() checks whether the target queue is bypassing and, if
not, calls __blkg_lookup() which first checks the lookup hint and then
performs radix tree walk.  The operations upto hint checking are
trivial and there are many users of this function.  This patch inlines
blkg_lookup() and the fast path part of __blkg_lookup().  The radix
tree lookup and hint update are now in blkg_lookup_slowpath().

This will help consolidating blkg handling by easing moving root blkcg
short-circuit to inlined lookup fast path.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Each active policy has a cpd (blkcg_policy_data) on each blkcg.  The
cpd's were allocated by blkcg core and each policy could request to
allocate extra space at the end by setting blkcg_policy->cpd_size
larger than the size of cpd.

This is a bit unusual but blkg (blkcg_gq) policy data used to be
handled this way too so it made sense to be consistent; however, blkg
policy data switched to alloc/free callbacks.

This patch makes similar changes to cpd handling.
blkcg_policy->cpd_alloc/free_fn() are added to replace ->cpd_size.  As
cpd allocation is now done from policy side, it can simply allocate a
larger area which embeds cpd at the beginning.

As ->cpd_alloc_fn() may be able to perform all necessary
initializations, this patch makes ->cpd_init_fn() optional.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

* Rename blkcg->pd[] to blkcg->cpd[] so that cpd is consistently used
  for blkcg_policy_data.

* Make blkcg_policy->cpd_init_fn() take blkcg_policy_data instead of
  blkcg.  This makes it consistent with blkg_policy_data methods and
  to-be-added cpd alloc/free methods.

* blkcg_policy_data->blkcg and cpd_to_blkcg() added so that
  cpd_init_fn() can determine the associated blkcg from
  blkcg_policy_data.

v2: blkcg_policy_data->blkcg initializations were missing.  Added.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

The newly added ->pd_alloc_fn() and ->pd_free_fn() deal with pd
(blkg_policy_data) while the older ones use blkg (blkcg_gq).  As using
blkg doesn't make sense for ->pd_alloc_fn() and after allocation pd
can always be mapped to blkg and given that these are policy-specific
methods, it makes sense to converge on pd.

This patch makes all methods deal with pd instead of blkg.  Most
conversions are trivial.  In blk-cgroup.c, a couple method invocation
sites now test whether pd exists instead of policy state for
consistency.  This shouldn't cause any behavioral differences.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

With the recent addition of alloc and free methods, things became
messier.  This patch reorganizes them according to the followings.

* ->pd_alloc_fn()

  Responsible for allocation and static initializations - the ones
  which can be done independent of where the pd might be attached.

* ->pd_init_fn()

  Initializations which require the knowledge of where the pd is
  attached.

* ->pd_free_fn()

  The counter part of pd_alloc_fn().  Static de-init and freeing.

This leaves ->pd_exit_fn() without any users.  Removed.

While at it, collapse an one liner function throtl_pd_exit(), which
has only one user, into its user.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Because percpu allocator couldn't do non-blocking allocations,
blk-throttle was forced to implement an ad-hoc asynchronous allocation
mechanism for its percpu stats for cases where blkg's (blkcg_gq's) are
allocated from an IO path without sleepable context.

Now that percpu allocator can handle gfp_mask and blkg_policy_data
alloc / free are handled by policy methods, the ad-hoc asynchronous
allocation mechanism can be replaced with direct allocation from
tg_stats_alloc_fn().  Rit it out.

This ensures that an active throtl_grp always has valid non-NULL
->stats_cpu.  Remove checks on it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

A blkg (blkcg_gq) represents the relationship between a cgroup and
request_queue.  Each active policy has a pd (blkg_policy_data) on each
blkg.  The pd's were allocated by blkcg core and each policy could
request to allocate extra space at the end by setting
blkcg_policy->pd_size larger than the size of pd.

This is a bit unusual but was done this way mostly to simplify error
handling and all the existing use cases could be handled this way;
however, this is becoming too restrictive now that percpu memory can
be allocated without blocking.

This introduces two new mandatory blkcg_policy methods - pd_alloc_fn()
and pd_free_fn() - which are used to allocate and release pd for a
given policy.  As pd allocation is now done from policy side, it can
simply allocate a larger area which embeds pd at the beginning.  This
change makes ->pd_size pointless.  Removed.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

blkg_create() allows NULL ->pd_init_fn() but blkcg_activate_policy()
doesn't.  As both in-kernel policies implement ->pd_init_fn, it
currently doesn't break anything.  Update blkcg_activate_policy() so
that its behavior is consistent with blkg_create().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

When a policy gets activated, it needs to allocate and install its
policy data on all existing blkg's (blkcg_gq's).  Because blkg
iteration is protected by a spinlock, it currently counts the total
number of blkg's in the system, allocates the matching number of
policy data on a list and installs them during a single iteration.

This can be simplified by using speculative GFP_NOWAIT allocations
while iterating and falling back to a preallocated policy data on
failure.  If the preallocated one has already been consumed, it
releases the lock, preallocate with GFP_KERNEL and then restarts the
iteration.  This can be a bit more expensive than before but policy
activation is a very cold path and shouldn't matter.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

blkcg_css_alloc() bypasses policy data allocation and blkcg_css_free()
bypasses policy data and blkcg freeing for blkcg_root.  There's no
reason to to treat policy data any differently for blkcg_root.  If the
root css gets allocated after policies are registered, policy
registration path will add policy data; otherwise, the alloc path
will.  The free path isn't never invoked for root csses.

This patch removes the unnecessary special handling of blkcg_root from
css_alloc/free paths.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

When blkcg_init_queue() fails midway after creating a new blkg, it
performs kfree() directly; however, this doesn't free the policy data
areas.  Make it use blkg_free() instead.  In turn, blkg_free() is
updated to handle root request_list special case.

While this fixes a possible memory leak, it's on an unlikely failure
path of an already cold path and the size leaked per occurrence is
miniscule too.  I don't think it needs to be tagged for -stable.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Since ec13b1d6 ("blkcg: always create the blkcg_gq for the root
blkcg"), a request_list always has its blkg associated.  Drop
unnecessary rl->blkg NULL test from blk_put_rl().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Up until now, all async IOs were queued to async queues which are
shared across the whole request_queue, which means that blkcg resource
control is completely void on async IOs including all writeback IOs.
It was done this way because writeback didn't support writeback and
there was no way of telling which writeback IO belonged to which
cgroup; however, writeback recently became cgroup aware and writeback
bio's are sent down properly tagged with the blkcg's to charge them
against.

This patch makes async cfq_queues per-cfq_cgroup instead of
per-cfq_data so that each async IO is charged to the blkcg that it was
tagged for instead of unconditionally attributing it to root.

* cfq_data->async_cfqq and ->async_idle_cfqq are moved to cfq_group
  and alloc / destroy paths are updated accordingly.

* cfq_link_cfqq_cfqg() no longer overrides @cfqg to root for async
  queues.

* check_blkcg_changed() now also invalidates async queues as they no
  longer stay the same across cgroups.

After this patch, cfq's proportional IO control through blkio.weight
works correctly when cgroup writeback is in use.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

cfq_find_alloc_queue() checks whether a queue actually needs to be
allocated, which is unnecessary as its sole caller, cfq_get_queue(),
only calls it if so.  Also, the oom queue fallback logic is scattered
between cfq_get_queue() and cfq_find_alloc_queue().  There really
isn't much going on in the latter and things can be made simpler by
folding it into cfq_get_queue().

This patch collapses cfq_find_alloc_queue() into cfq_get_queue().  The
change is fairly straight-forward with one exception - async_cfqq is
now initialized to NULL and the "!is_sync" test in the last if
conditional is replaced with "async_cfqq" test.  This is because gcc
(5.1.1) gets confused for some reason and warns that async_cfqq may be
used uninitialized otherwise.  Oh well, the code isn't necessarily
worse this way.

This patch doesn't cause any functional difference.

v2: Updated to reflect GFP_ATOMIC -> GPF_NOWAIT.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

This is necessary for making async cfq_cgroups per-cfq_group instead
of per-cfq_data.  While this change makes cfq_get_queue() perform RCU
locking and look up cfq_group even when it reuses async queue, the
extra overhead is extremely unlikely to be noticeable given that this
is already sitting behind cic->cfqq[] cache and the overall cost of
cfq operation.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Even when allocations fail, cfq_find_alloc_queue() always returns a
valid cfq_queue by falling back to the oom cfq_queue.  As such, there
isn't much point in taking @gfp_mask and trying "harder" if __GFP_WAIT
is set.  GFP_NOWAIT allocations don't fail often and even when they do
the degraded behavior is acceptable and temporary.

After all, the only reason get_request(), which ultimately determines
the gfp_mask, cares about __GFP_WAIT is to guarantee request
allocation, assuming IO forward progress, for callers which are
willing to wait.  There's no reason for cfq_find_alloc_queue() to
behave differently on __GFP_WAIT when it already has a fallback
mechanism.

Remove @gfp_mask from cfq_find_alloc_queue() and propagate the changes
to its callers.  This simplifies the function quite a bit and will
help making async queues per-cfq_group.

v2: Updated to reflect GFP_ATOMIC -> GPF_NOWAIT.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

blkcg performs several allocations to track IOs per cgroup and enforce
resource control.  Most of these allocations are performed lazily on
demand in the IO path and thus can't involve reclaim path.  Currently,
these allocations use GFP_ATOMIC; however, blkcg can gracefully deal
with occassional failures of these allocations by punting IOs to the
root cgroup and there's no reason to reach into the emergency reserve.

This patch replaces GFP_ATOMIC with GFP_NOWAIT for the following
allocations.

* bdi_writeback_congested and blkcg_gq allocations in blkg_create().

* radix tree node allocations for blkcg->blkg_tree.

* cfq_queue allocation on ioprio changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Suggested-and-Reviewed-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

* Some were accessing cic->cfqq[] directly.  Always use cic_to_cfqq()
  and cic_set_cfqq().

* check_ioprio_changed() doesn't need to verify cfq_get_queue()'s
  return for NULL.  It's always non-NULL.  Simplify accordingly.

This patch doesn't cause any functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

If the cfq_queue cached in cfq_io_cq is the oom one, cfq_set_request()
replaces it by invoking cfq_get_queue() again without putting the oom
queue leaking the reference it was holding.  While oom queues are not
released through reference counting, they're still reference counted
and this can theoretically lead to the reference count overflowing and
incorrectly invoke the usual release path on it.

Fix it by making cfq_set_request() put the ref it was holding.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Async cfqq's (cfq_queue's) are shared across cfq_data.  When
cfq_get_queue() obtains a new queue from cfq_find_alloc_queue(), it
stashes the pointer in cfq_data and reuses it from then on; however,
the function doesn't consider that cfq_find_alloc_queue() may return
the oom_cfqq under memory pressure and installs the returned queue
unconditionally.

If the oom_cfqq is installed as an async cfqq, cfq_set_request() will
continue calling cfq_get_queue() hoping to replace it with a proper
queue; however, cfq_get_queue() will keep returning the cached queue
for the slot - the oom_cfqq.

Fix it by skipping caching if the queue is the oom one.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

cfq_get_queue()'s control flow looks like the following.

	async_cfqq = NULL;
	cfqq = NULL;

	if (!is_sync) {
		...
		async_cfqq = ...;
		cfqq = *async_cfqq;
	}

	if (!cfqq)
		cfqq = ...;

	if (!is_sync && !(*async_cfqq))
		...;

The only thing the local variable init, the second if, and the
async_cfqq test in the third if achieves is to skip cfqq creation and
installation if *async_cfqq was already non-NULL.  This is needlessly
complicated with different tests examining the same condition.
Simplify it to the following.

	if (!is_sync) {
		...
		async_cfqq = ...;
		cfqq = *async_cfqq;
		if (cfqq)
			goto out;
	}

	cfqq = ...;

	if (!is_sync)
		...;
 out:
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

The following tracepoints are updated to report the cgroup used during
cgroup writeback.

* writeback_write_inode[_start]
* writeback_queue
* writeback_exec
* writeback_start
* writeback_written
* writeback_wait
* writeback_nowork
* writeback_wake_background
* wbc_writepage
* writeback_queue_io
* bdi_dirty_ratelimit
* balance_dirty_pages
* writeback_sb_inodes_requeue
* writeback_single_inode[_start]

Note that writeback_bdi_register is separated out from writeback_class
as reporting cgroup doesn't make sense to it.  Tracepoints which take
bdi are updated to take bdi_writeback instead.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Add a function to determine the path length of a kernfs node.  This
for now will be used by writeback tracepoint updates.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

wb_writeback_work->single_wait/done are used for the wait mechanism
for synchronous wb_work (wb_writeback_work) items which are issued
when bdi_split_work_to_wbs() fails to allocate memory for asynchronous
wb_work items; however, there's no reason to use a separate wait
mechanism for this.  bdi_split_work_to_wbs() can simply use on-stack
fallback wb_work item and separate wb_completion to wait for it.

This patch removes wb_work->single_wait/done and the related code and
make bdi_split_work_to_wbs() use on-stack fallback wb_work and
wb_completion instead.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

wb's (bdi_writeback's) are currently keyed by memcg ID; however, in an
earlier implementation, wb's were keyed by blkcg ID.
bdi_for_each_wb() walks bdi->cgwb_tree in the ascending ID order and
allows iterations to start from an arbitrary ID which is used to
interrupt and resume iterations.

Unfortunately, while changing wb to be keyed by memcg ID instead of
blkcg, bdi_for_each_wb() was missed and is still assuming that wb's
are keyed by blkcg ID.  This doesn't affect iterations which don't get
interrupted but bdi_split_work_to_wbs() makes use of iteration
resuming on allocation failures and thus may incorrectly skip or
repeat wb's.

Fix it by changing bdi_for_each_wb() to take memcg IDs instead of
blkcg IDs and updating bdi_split_work_to_wbs() accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Merge branch 'for-4.3-unified-base' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup into for-4.3/blkcg

This allows cgroup subsystems to use a different name on the unified
hierarchy.  cgroup_subsys->name is used on the unified hierarchy,
->legacy_name elsewhere.  If ->legacy_name is not explicitly set, it's
automatically set to ->name and the userland visible behavior remains
unchanged.

v2: Make parse_cgroupfs_options() only consider ->legacy_name as mount
    options are used only on legacy hierarchies.  Suggested by Li
    Zefan.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: cgroups@vger.kernel.org

It doesn't make sense to print subsystems on mount option or
/proc/PID/cgroup for the default hierarchy.

* cgroup.controllers file at the root of the default hierarchy lists
  the currently attached controllers.

* The default hierarchy is catch-all for unmounted subsystems.

* The default hierarchy doesn't accept any mount options.

Suppress subsystem printing on mount options and /proc/PID/cgroup for
the default hierarchy.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: cgroups@vger.kernel.org

It's pretty unusual to have an int as a private data field and it
makes it impossible to carray a pointer value through it.  Let's make
it an unsigned long.  AFAICS, this shouldn't break anything.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>

While cgroup subsystems can't be modules, blkcg supports dynamically
loadable policies which interact with cgroup core.  Export
cgrp_dfl_root so that cgroup_on_dfl() can be used in those modules.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>

Traditionally, each cgroup controller implemented whatever interface
it wanted leading to interfaces which are widely inconsistent.
Examining the requirements of the controllers readily yield that there
are only a few control schemes shared among all.

Two major controllers already had to implement new interface for the
unified hierarchy due to significant structural changes.  Let's take
the chance to establish common conventions throughout all controllers.

This patch defines CGROUP_WEIGHT_MIN/DFL/MAX to be used on all weight
based control knobs and documents the conventions that controllers
should follow on the unified hierarchy.  Except for io.weight knob,
all existing unified hierarchy knobs are already compliant.  A
follow-up patch will update io.weight.

v2: Added descriptions of min, low and high knobs.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>

Merge branch 'stable/for-jens-4.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/konrad/xen into for-linus

Konrad writes:

"There are three bugs that have been found in the xen-blkfront (and
backend). Two of them have the stable tree CC-ed. They have been found
where an guest is migrating to a host that is missing
'feature-persistent' support (from one that has it enabled). We end up
hitting an BUG() in the driver code."

Pull perf fix from Thomas Gleixner:
 "A single fix for the intel cqm perf facility to prevent IPIs from
  interrupt context"

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  perf/x86/intel/cqm: Return cached counter value from IRQ context

Pull x86 fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "This update contains:

   - the manual revert of the SYSCALL32 changes which caused a
     regression

   - a fix for the MPX vma handling

   - three fixes for the ioremap 'is ram' checks.

   - PAT warning fixes

   - a trivial fix for the size calculation of TLB tracepoints

   - handle old EFI structures gracefully

  This also contains a PAT fix from Jan plus a revert thereof.  Toshi
  explained why the code is correct"

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/mm/pat: Revert 'Adjust default caching mode translation tables'
  x86/asm/entry/32: Revert 'Do not use R9 in SYSCALL32' commit
  x86/mm: Fix newly introduced printk format warnings
  mm: Fix bugs in region_is_ram()
  x86/mm: Remove region_is_ram() call from ioremap
  x86/mm: Move warning from __ioremap_check_ram() to the call site
  x86/mm/pat, drivers/media/ivtv: Move the PAT warning and replace WARN() with pr_warn()
  x86/mm/pat, drivers/infiniband/ipath: Replace WARN() with pr_warn()
  x86/mm/pat: Adjust default caching mode translation tables
  x86/fpu: Disable dependent CPU features on "noxsave"
  x86/mpx: Do not set ->vm_ops on MPX VMAs
  x86/mm: Add parenthesis for TLB tracepoint size calculation
  efi: Handle memory error structures produced based on old versions of standard

Toshi explains:

"No, the default values need to be set to the fallback types,
 i.e. minimal supported mode.  For WC and WT, UC is the fallback type.

 When PAT is disabled, pat_init() does update the tables below to
 enable WT per the default BIOS setup.  However, when PAT is enabled,
 but CPU has PAT -errata, WT falls back to UC per the default values."

Revert: ca1fec58 'x86/mm/pat: Adjust default caching mode translation tables'
Requested-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1437577776.3214.252.camel@hp.comSigned-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>