- 01 Aug, 2012 40 commits
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Mel Gorman authored
The skb->pfmemalloc flag gets set to true iff during the slab allocation of data in __alloc_skb that the the PFMEMALLOC reserves were used. If the packet is fragmented, it is possible that pages will be allocated from the PFMEMALLOC reserve without propagating this information to the skb. This patch propagates page->pfmemalloc from pages allocated for fragments to the skb. Signed-off-by:
Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Mel Gorman authored
Change the skb allocation API to indicate RX usage and use this to fall back to the PFMEMALLOC reserve when needed. SKBs allocated from the reserve are tagged in skb->pfmemalloc. If an SKB is allocated from the reserve and the socket is later found to be unrelated to page reclaim, the packet is dropped so that the memory remains available for page reclaim. Network protocols are expected to recover from this packet loss. [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Ideas taken from various patches] [davem@davemloft.net: Use static branches, coding style corrections] [sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Avoid unnecessary cast, fix !CONFIG_NET build] Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Allow specific sockets to be tagged SOCK_MEMALLOC and use __GFP_MEMALLOC for their allocations. These sockets will be able to go below watermarks and allocate from the emergency reserve. Such sockets are to be used to service the VM (iow. to swap over). They must be handled kernel side, exposing such a socket to user-space is a bug. There is a risk that the reserves be depleted so for now, the administrator is responsible for increasing min_free_kbytes as necessary to prevent deadlock for their workloads. [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original patches] Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Introduce sk_gfp_atomic(), this function allows to inject sock specific flags to each sock related allocation. It is only used on allocation paths that may be required for writing pages back to network storage. [davem@davemloft.net: Use sk_gfp_atomic only when necessary] Signed-off-by:
Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
The reserve is proportionally distributed over all !highmem zones in the system. So we need to allow an emergency allocation access to all zones. In order to do that we need to break out of any mempolicy boundaries we might have. In my opinion that does not break mempolicies as those are user oriented and not system oriented. That is, system allocations are not guaranteed to be within mempolicy boundaries. For instance IRQs do not even have a mempolicy. So breaking out of mempolicy boundaries for 'rare' emergency allocations, which are always system allocations (as opposed to user) is ok. Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
__alloc_pages_slowpath() is called when the number of free pages is below the low watermark. If the caller is entitled to use ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS then the page will be marked page->pfmemalloc. This protects more pages than are strictly necessary as we only need to protect pages allocated below the min watermark (the pfmemalloc reserves). This patch only sets page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was required to allocate the page. [rientjes@google.com: David noticed the problem during review] Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
This is needed to allow network softirq packet processing to make use of PF_MEMALLOC. Currently softirq context cannot use PF_MEMALLOC due to it not being associated with a task, and therefore not having task flags to fiddle with - thus the gfp to alloc flag mapping ignores the task flags when in interrupts (hard or soft) context. Allowing softirqs to make use of PF_MEMALLOC therefore requires some trickery. This patch borrows the task flags from whatever process happens to be preempted by the softirq. It then modifies the gfp to alloc flags mapping to not exclude task flags in softirq context, and modify the softirq code to save, clear and restore the PF_MEMALLOC flag. The save and clear, ensures the preempted task's PF_MEMALLOC flag doesn't leak into the softirq. The restore ensures a softirq's PF_MEMALLOC flag cannot leak back into the preempted process. This should be safe due to the following reasons Softirqs can run on multiple CPUs sure but the same task should not be executing the same softirq code. Neither should the softirq handler be preempted by any other softirq handler so the flags should not leak to an unrelated softirq. Softirqs re-enable hardware interrupts in __do_softirq() so can be preempted by hardware interrupts so PF_MEMALLOC is inherited by the hard IRQ. However, this is similar to a process in reclaim being preempted by a hardirq. While PF_MEMALLOC is set, gfp_to_alloc_flags() distinguishes between hard and soft irqs and avoids giving a hardirq the ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS flag. If the softirq is deferred to ksoftirq then its flags may be used instead of a normal tasks but as the softirq cannot be preempted, the PF_MEMALLOC flag does not leak to other code by accident. [davem@davemloft.net: Document why PF_MEMALLOC is safe] Signed-off-by: -
Mel Gorman authored
__GFP_MEMALLOC will allow the allocation to disregard the watermarks, much like PF_MEMALLOC. It allows one to pass along the memalloc state in object related allocation flags as opposed to task related flags, such as sk->sk_allocation. This removes the need for ALLOC_PFMEMALLOC as callers using __GFP_MEMALLOC can get the ALLOC_NO_WATERMARK flag which is now enough to identify allocations related to page reclaim. Signed-off-by:
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Christoph Lameter authored
This patch removes the check for pfmemalloc from the alloc hotpath and puts the logic after the election of a new per cpu slab. For a pfmemalloc page we do not use the fast path but force the use of the slow path which is also used for the debug case. This has the side-effect of weakening pfmemalloc processing in the following way; 1. A process that is allocating for network swap calls __slab_alloc. pfmemalloc_match is true so the freelist is loaded and c->freelist is now pointing to a pfmemalloc page. 2. A process that is attempting normal allocations calls slab_alloc, finds the pfmemalloc page on the freelist and uses it because it did not check pfmemalloc_match() The patch allows non-pfmemalloc allocations to use pfmemalloc pages with the kmalloc slabs being the most vunerable caches on the grounds they are most likely to have a mix of pfmemalloc and !pfmemalloc requests. A later patch will still protect the system as processes will get throttled if the pfmemalloc reserves get depleted but performance will not degrade as smoothly. [mgorman@suse.de: Expanded changelog] Signed-off-by:
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
When a user or administrator requires swap for their application, they create a swap partition and file, format it with mkswap and activate it with swapon. Swap over the network is considered as an option in diskless systems. The two likely scenarios are when blade servers are used as part of a cluster where the form factor or maintenance costs do not allow the use of disks and thin clients. The Linux Terminal Server Project recommends the use of the Network Block Device (NBD) for swap according to the manual at https://sourceforge.net/projects/ltsp/files/Docs-Admin-Guide/LTSPManual.pdf/download There is also documentation and tutorials on how to setup swap over NBD at places like https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/EnableNBDSWAP The nbd-client also documents the use of NBD as swap. Despite this, the fact is that a machine using NBD for swap can deadlock within minutes if swap is used intensively. This patch series addresses the problem. The core issue is that network block devices do not use mempools like normal block devices do. As the host cannot control where they receive packets from, they cannot reliably work out in advance how much memory they might need. Some years ago, Peter Zijlstra developed a series of patches that supported swap over an NFS that at least one distribution is carrying within their kernels. This patch series borrows very heavily from Peter's work to support swapping over NBD as a pre-requisite to supporting swap-over-NFS. The bulk of the complexity is concerned with preserving memory that is allocated from the PFMEMALLOC reserves for use by the network layer which is needed for both NBD and NFS. Patch 1 adds knowledge of the PFMEMALLOC reserves to SLAB and SLUB to preserve access to pages allocated under low memory situations to callers that are freeing memory. Patch 2 optimises the SLUB fast path to avoid pfmemalloc checks Patch 3 introduces __GFP_MEMALLOC to allow access to the PFMEMALLOC reserves without setting PFMEMALLOC. Patch 4 opens the possibility for softirqs to use PFMEMALLOC reserves for later use by network packet processing. Patch 5 only sets page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was required Patch 6 ignores memory policies when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS is set. Patches 7-12 allows network processing to use PFMEMALLOC reserves when the socket has been marked as being used by the VM to clean pages. If packets are received and stored in pages that were allocated under low-memory situations and are unrelated to the VM, the packets are dropped. Patch 11 reintroduces __skb_alloc_page which the networking folk may object to but is needed in some cases to propogate pfmemalloc from a newly allocated page to an skb. If there is a strong objection, this patch can be dropped with the impact being that swap-over-network will be slower in some cases but it should not fail. Patch 13 is a micro-optimisation to avoid a function call in the common case. Patch 14 tags NBD sockets as being SOCK_MEMALLOC so they can use PFMEMALLOC if necessary. Patch 15 notes that it is still possible for the PFMEMALLOC reserve to be depleted. To prevent this, direct reclaimers get throttled on a waitqueue if 50% of the PFMEMALLOC reserves are depleted. It is expected that kswapd and the direct reclaimers already running will clean enough pages for the low watermark to be reached and the throttled processes are woken up. Patch 16 adds a statistic to track how often processes get throttled Some basic performance testing was run using kernel builds, netperf on loopback for UDP and TCP, hackbench (pipes and sockets), iozone and sysbench. Each of them were expected to use the sl*b allocators reasonably heavily but there did not appear to be significant performance variances. For testing swap-over-NBD, a machine was booted with 2G of RAM with a swapfile backed by NBD. 8*NUM_CPU processes were started that create anonymous memory mappings and read them linearly in a loop. The total size of the mappings were 4*PHYSICAL_MEMORY to use swap heavily under memory pressure. Without the patches and using SLUB, the machine locks up within minutes and runs to completion with them applied. With SLAB, the story is different as an unpatched kernel run to completion. However, the patched kernel completed the test 45% faster. MICRO 3.5.0-rc2 3.5.0-rc2 vanilla swapnbd Unrecognised test vmscan-anon-mmap-write MMTests Statistics: duration Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 197.80 173.07 User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 206.96 182.03 Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 3240.70 1762.09 This patch: mm: sl[au]b: add knowledge of PFMEMALLOC reserve pages Allocations of pages below the min watermark run a risk of the machine hanging due to a lack of memory. To prevent this, only callers who have PF_MEMALLOC or TIF_MEMDIE set and are not processing an interrupt are allowed to allocate with ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS. Once they are allocated to a slab though, nothing prevents other callers consuming free objects within those slabs. This patch limits access to slab pages that were alloced from the PFMEMALLOC reserves. When this patch is applied, pages allocated from below the low watermark are returned with page->pfmemalloc set and it is up to the caller to determine how the page should be protected. SLAB restricts access to any page with page->pfmemalloc set to callers which are known to able to access the PFMEMALLOC reserve. If one is not available, an attempt is made to allocate a new page rather than use a reserve. SLUB is a bit more relaxed in that it only records if the current per-CPU page was allocated from PFMEMALLOC reserve and uses another partial slab if the caller does not have the necessary GFP or process flags. This was found to be sufficient in tests to avoid hangs due to SLUB generally maintaining smaller lists than SLAB. In low-memory conditions it does mean that !PFMEMALLOC allocators can fail a slab allocation even though free objects are available because they are being preserved for callers that are freeing pages. [a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original implementation] [sebastian@breakpoint.cc: Correct order of page flag clearing] Signed-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
When hotplug offlining happens on zone A, it starts to mark freed page as MIGRATE_ISOLATE type in buddy for preventing further allocation. (MIGRATE_ISOLATE is very irony type because it's apparently on buddy but we can't allocate them). When the memory shortage happens during hotplug offlining, current task starts to reclaim, then wake up kswapd. Kswapd checks watermark, then go sleep because current zone_watermark_ok_safe doesn't consider MIGRATE_ISOLATE freed page count. Current task continue to reclaim in direct reclaim path without kswapd's helping. The problem is that zone->all_unreclaimable is set by only kswapd so that current task would be looping forever like below. __alloc_pages_slowpath restart: wake_all_kswapd rebalance: __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim do_try_to_free_pages if global_reclaim && !all_unreclaimable return 1; /* It means we did did_some_progress */ skip __alloc_pages_may_oom should_alloc_retry goto rebalance; If we apply KOSAKI's patch[1] which doesn't depends on kswapd about setting zone->all_unreclaimable, we can solve this problem by killing some task in direct reclaim path. But it doesn't wake up kswapd, still. It could be a problem still if other subsystem needs GFP_ATOMIC request. So kswapd should consider MIGRATE_ISOLATE when it calculate free pages BEFORE going sleep. This patch counts the number of MIGRATE_ISOLATE page block and zone_watermark_ok_safe will consider it if the system has such blocks (fortunately, it's very rare so no problem in POV overhead and kswapd is never hotpath). Copy/modify from Mel's quote " Ideal solution would be "allocating" the pageblock. It would keep the free space accounting as it is but historically, memory hotplug didn't allocate pages because it would be difficult to detect if a pageblock was isolated or if part of some balloon. Allocating just full pageblocks would work around this, However, it would play very badly with CMA. " [1] http://lkml.org/lkml/2012/6/14/74 [akpm@linux-foundation.org: simplify nr_zone_isolate_freepages(), rework zone_watermark_ok_safe() comment, simplify set_pageblock_isolate() and restore_pageblock_isolate()] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION=n build] Signed-off-by:
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Suggested-by:
KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Tested-by:
Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar.30@gmail.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
__zone_watermark_ok currently compares free_pages which is a signed type with z->lowmem_reserve[classzone_idx] which is unsigned which might lead to sign overflow if free_pages doesn't satisfy the given order (or it came as negative already) and then we rely on the following order loop to fix it (which doesn't work for order-0). Let's fix the type conversion and do not rely on the given value of free_pages or follow up fixups. This patch fixes it because "memory-hotplug: fix kswapd looping forever problem" depends on this. As benefit of this patch, it doesn't rely on the loop to exit __zone_watermark_ok in case of high order check and make the first test effective.(ie, if (free_pages <= min + lowmem_reserve)) Aaditya reported this problem when he test my hotplug patch. Reported-off-by:
Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar@ap.sony.com> Tested-by:
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
mm/page_alloc.c has some memory isolation functions but they are used only when we enable CONFIG_{CMA|MEMORY_HOTPLUG|MEMORY_FAILURE}. So let's make it configurable by new CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION so that it can reduce binary size and we can check it simple by CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION, not if defined CONFIG_{CMA|MEMORY_HOTPLUG|MEMORY_FAILURE}. Signed-off-by:KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
By globally defining check_panic_on_oom(), the memcg oom handler can be moved entirely to mm/memcontrol.c. This removes the ugly #ifdef in the oom killer and cleans up the code. Signed-off-by:
David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by:
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David Rientjes authored
Since exiting tasks require write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock) several times, try to reduce the amount of time the readside is held for oom kills. This makes the interface with the memcg oom handler more consistent since it now never needs to take tasklist_lock unnecessarily. The only time the oom killer now takes tasklist_lock is when iterating the children of the selected task, everything else is protected by rcu_read_lock(). This requires that a reference to the selected process, p, is grabbed before calling oom_kill_process(). It may release it and grab a reference on another one of p's threads if !p->mm, but it also guarantees that it will release the reference before returning. [hughd@google.com: fix duplicate put_task_struct()] Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
The global oom killer is serialized by the per-zonelist try_set_zonelist_oom() which is used in the page allocator. Concurrent oom kills are thus a rare event and only occur in systems using mempolicies and with a large number of nodes. Memory controller oom kills, however, can frequently be concurrent since there is no serialization once the oom killer is called for oom conditions in several different memcgs in parallel. This creates a massive contention on tasklist_lock since the oom killer requires the readside for the tasklist iteration. If several memcgs are calling the oom killer, this lock can be held for a substantial amount of time, especially if threads continue to enter it as other threads are exiting. Since the exit path grabs the writeside of the lock with irqs disabled in a few different places, this can cause a soft lockup on cpus as a result of tasklist_lock starvation. The kernel lacks unfair writelocks, and successful calls to the oom killer usually result in at least one thread entering the exit path, so an alternative solution is needed. This patch introduces a seperate oom handler for memcgs so that they do not require tasklist_lock for as much time. Instead, it iterates only over the threads attached to the oom memcg and grabs a reference to the selected thread before calling oom_kill_process() to ensure it doesn't prematurely exit. This still requires tasklist_lock for the tasklist dump, iterating children of the selected process, and killing all other threads on the system sharing the same memory as the selected victim. So while this isn't a complete solution to tasklist_lock starvation, it significantly reduces the amount of time that it is held. Acked-by:
Sha Zhengju <handai.szj@taobao.com> Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
This patch introduces a helper function to process each thread during the iteration over the tasklist. A new return type, enum oom_scan_t, is defined to determine the future behavior of the iteration: - OOM_SCAN_OK: continue scanning the thread and find its badness, - OOM_SCAN_CONTINUE: do not consider this thread for oom kill, it's ineligible, - OOM_SCAN_ABORT: abort the iteration and return, or - OOM_SCAN_SELECT: always select this thread with the highest badness possible. There is no functional change with this patch. This new helper function will be used in the next patch in the memory controller. Reviewed-by:
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David Rientjes authored
mem_cgroup_out_of_memory() is defined in mm/oom_kill.c, so declare it in linux/oom.h rather than linux/memcontrol.h. Acked-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Mark functions used by both boot and memory hotplug as __meminit to reduce memory footprint when memory hotplug is disabled. Alos guard zone_pcp_update() with CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG because it's only used by memory hotplug code. Signed-off-by:
Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com> Cc: Wei Wang <Bessel.Wang@huawei.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com> Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
When a zone becomes empty after memory offlining, free zone->pageset. Otherwise it will cause memory leak when adding memory to the empty zone again because build_all_zonelists() will allocate zone->pageset for an empty zone. Signed-off-by:
Wei Wang <Bessel.Wang@huawei.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com> Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
When online_pages() is called to add new memory to an empty zone, it rebuilds all zone lists by calling build_all_zonelists(). But there's a bug which prevents the new zone to be added to other nodes' zone lists. online_pages() { build_all_zonelists() ..... node_set_state(zone_to_nid(zone), N_HIGH_MEMORY) } Here the node of the zone is put into N_HIGH_MEMORY state after calling build_all_zonelists(), but build_all_zonelists() only adds zones from nodes in N_HIGH_MEMORY state to the fallback zone lists. build_all_zonelists() ->__build_all_zonelists() ->build_zonelists() ->find_next_best_node() ->for_each_node_state(n, N_HIGH_MEMORY) So memory in the new zone will never be used by other nodes, and it may cause strange behavor when system is under memory pressure. So put node into N_HIGH_MEMORY state before calling build_all_zonelists(). Signed-off-by:Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com> Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
When hotadd_new_pgdat() is called to create new pgdat for a new node, a fallback zonelist should be created for the new node. There's code to try to achieve that in hotadd_new_pgdat() as below: /* * The node we allocated has no zone fallback lists. For avoiding * to access not-initialized zonelist, build here. */ mutex_lock(&zonelists_mutex); build_all_zonelists(pgdat, NULL); mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex); But it doesn't work as expected. When hotadd_new_pgdat() is called, the new node is still in offline state because node_set_online(nid) hasn't been called yet. And build_all_zonelists() only builds zonelists for online nodes as: for_each_online_node(nid) { pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid); build_zonelists(pgdat); build_zonelist_cache(pgdat); } Though we hope to create zonelist for the new pgdat, but it doesn't. So add a new parameter "pgdat" the build_all_zonelists() to build pgdat for the new pgdat too. Signed-off-by:Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Keping Chen <chenkeping@huawei.com> Signed-off-by:
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Wanpeng Li authored
Signed-off-by:
Wanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com> Acked-by:
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Wanpeng Li authored
Signed-off-by:
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Wanpeng Li authored
Signed-off-by:
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Xishi Qiu authored
On architectures with CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE set, such as Itanium, pageblock_order is a variable with default value of 0. It's set to the right value by set_pageblock_order() in function free_area_init_core(). But pageblock_order may be used by sparse_init() before free_area_init_core() is called along path: sparse_init() ->sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node() ->usemap_size() ->SECTION_BLOCKFLAGS_BITS ->((1UL << (PFN_SECTION_SHIFT - pageblock_order)) * NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS) The uninitialized pageblock_size will cause memory wasting because usemap_size() returns a much bigger value then it's really needed. For example, on an Itanium platform, sparse_init() pageblock_order=0 usemap_size=24576 free_area_init_core() before pageblock_order=0, usemap_size=24576 free_area_init_core() after pageblock_order=12, usemap_size=8 That means 24K memory has been wasted for each section, so fix it by calling set_pageblock_order() from sparse_init(). Signed-off-by: -
Jeff Liu authored
Call up_read(&mm->mmap_sem) directly since we have already got mm via current->mm at the beginning of print_vma_addr(). Signed-off-by:
Jie Liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com> Signed-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
09f363c7 ("vmscan: fix shrinker callback bug in fs/super.c") fixed a shrinker callback which was returning -1 when nr_to_scan is zero, which caused excessive slab scanning. But 635697c6 ("vmscan: fix initial shrinker size handling") fixed the problem, again so we can freely return -1 although nr_to_scan is zero. So let's revert 09f363c7 because the comment added in 09f363c7 made an unnecessary rule. Signed-off-by:
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Rabin Vincent authored
0ee332c1 ("memblock: Kill early_node_map[]") wanted to replace CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP with CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP but ended up replacing one occurence with a reference to the non-existent symbol CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE. The resulting omission of code would probably have been causing problems to 32-bit machines with memory hotplug. Signed-off-by:
Rabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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Rik van Riel authored
Order > 0 compaction stops when enough free pages of the correct page order have been coalesced. When doing subsequent higher order allocations, it is possible for compaction to be invoked many times. However, the compaction code always starts out looking for things to compact at the start of the zone, and for free pages to compact things to at the end of the zone. This can cause quadratic behaviour, with isolate_freepages starting at the end of the zone each time, even though previous invocations of the compaction code already filled up all free memory on that end of the zone. This can cause isolate_freepages to take enormous amounts of CPU with certain workloads on larger memory systems. The obvious solution is to have isolate_freepages remember where it left off last time, and continue at that point the next time it gets invoked for an order > 0 compaction. This could cause compaction to fail if cc->free_pfn and cc->migrate_pfn are close together initially, in that case we restart from the end of the zone and try once more. Forced full (order == -1) compactions are left alone. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/laste/last/, use 80 cols] Signed-off-by:
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reported-by:
Jim Schutt <jaschut@sandia.gov> Tested-by:
Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by:
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Wanpeng Li authored
Replace memory_cgroup_xxx() with memcg_xxx() Signed-off-by:
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by:
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Glauber Costa authored
I have an application that does the following: * copy the state of all controllers attached to a hierarchy * replicate it as a child of the current level. I would expect writes to the files to mostly succeed, since they are inheriting sane values from parents. But that is not the case for use_hierarchy. If it is set to 0, we succeed ok. If we're set to 1, the value of the file is automatically set to 1 in the children, but if userspace tries to write the very same 1, it will fail. That same situation happens if we set use_hierarchy, create a child, and then try to write 1 again. Now, there is no reason whatsoever for failing to write a value that is already there. It doesn't even match the comments, that states: /* If parent's use_hierarchy is set, we can't make any modifications * in the child subtrees... since we are not changing anything. So test the new value against the one we're storing, and automatically return 0 if we're not proposing a change. Signed-off-by:
Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Cc: Dhaval Giani <dhaval.giani@gmail.com> Acked-by:
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Wanpeng Li authored
Signed-off-by:
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Andrew Morton authored
Sanity: CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR -> CONFIG_MEMCG CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP -> CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP_ENABLED -> CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_KMEM -> CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM [mhocko@suse.cz: fix missed bits] Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Acked-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
The __count_immobile_pages() naming is rather awkward. Choose a more clear name and add a comment. Signed-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
d179e84b ("mm: vmscan: do not use page_count without a page pin") fixed this problem in vmscan.c but same problem is in __count_immobile_pages(). I copy and paste d179e84b's contents for description. "It is unsafe to run page_count during the physical pfn scan because compound_head could trip on a dangling pointer when reading page->first_page if the compound page is being freed by another CPU." Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
The number of ptes and swap entries are used in the oom killer's badness heuristic, so they should be shown in the tasklist dump. This patch adds those fields and replaces cpu and oom_adj values that are currently emitted. Cpu isn't interesting and oom_adj is deprecated and will be removed later this year, the same information is already displayed as oom_score_adj which is used internally. At the same time, make the documentation a little more clear to state this information is helpful to determine why the oom killer chose the task it did to kill. Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
/proc/sys/vm/oom_kill_allocating_task will immediately kill current when the oom killer is called to avoid a potentially expensive tasklist scan for large systems. Currently, however, it is not checking current's oom_score_adj value which may be OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN, meaning that it has been disabled from oom killing. This patch avoids killing current in such a condition and simply falls back to the tasklist scan since memory still needs to be freed. Signed-off-by:
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KOSAKI Motohiro authored
commit 2ff754fa ("mm: clear pages_scanned only if draining a pcp adds pages to the buddy allocator again") fixed one free_pcppages_bulk() misuse. But two another miuse still exist. This patch fixes it. Signed-off-by:
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KOSAKI Motohiro authored
Eric Wong reported his test suite failex when /tmp is tmpfs. https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/2/24/479 Currentlt the input check of POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED has two problems. - requires a_ops->readpage. But in fact, force_page_cache_readahead() requires that the target filesystem has either ->readpage or ->readpages. - returns -EINVAL when the filesystem doesn't have ->readpage. But posix says that fadvise is merely a hint. Thus fadvise() should return 0 if filesystem has no means of implementing fadvise(). The userland application should not know nor care whcih type of filesystem backs the TMPDIR directory, as Eric pointed out. There is nothing which userspace can do to solve this error. So change the return value to 0 when filesytem doesn't support readahead. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes] Signed-off-by:
Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net> Tested-by:
Wanlong Gao <gaowanlong@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by:
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