This is a race condition where a table on which a 10.3-style
instant ADD COLUMN is emptied during the execution of
ALTER TABLE ... DROP COLUMN ..., DROP INDEX ..., ALGORITHM=NOCOPY.

In commit 2c4844c9 the
function instant_metadata_lock() would prevent this race condition.
But, it would also hold a page latch on the leftmost leaf page of
clustered index for the duration of a possible DROP INDEX operation.

The race could be fixed by restoring the function
instant_metadata_lock() that was removed in
commit ea37b144
but it would be more future-proof to prevent the
dict_index_t::clear_instant_add() call from being issued at all.

We at some point support DROP COLUMN ..., ADD INDEX ..., ALGORITHM=NOCOPY
and that would spend a non-trivial amount of
execution time in ha_innobase::inplace_alter(),
making a server hang possible. Currently this is not supported
and our added test case will notice when the support is introduced.

dict_index_t::must_avoid_clear_instant_add(): Determine if
a call to clear_instant_add() must be avoided.

btr_discard_only_page_on_level(): Preserve the metadata record
if must_avoid_clear_instant_add() holds.

btr_cur_optimistic_delete_func(), btr_cur_pessimistic_delete():
Do not remove the metadata record even if the table becomes empty
but must_avoid_clear_instant_add() holds.

btr_pcur_store_position(): Relax a debug assertion.

This is joint work with Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani.