InnoDB does not allow FOREIGN KEY constraints to exist for TEMPORARY TABLE.
InnoDB introduced a dedicated tablespace for temporary tables, and actually
stopped creating persistent metadata and data for temporary tables.

row_table_add_foreign_constraints(): Do not create a persistent
transaction.

dict_create_foreign_constraints_low(): Add the persistent transaction to
the update the foreign key relation in dictionary.

dict_create_foreign_constraints_low(): Remove a duplicated check for
partitioned tables.