Bug#38941: fast mutexes in MySQL 5.1 have mutex contention when calling random()

The problem is that MySQL's 'fast' mutex implementation uses the
random() routine to determine the spin delay. Unfortunately, the
routine interface is not thead-safe and some implementations (eg:
glibc) might use a internal lock to protect the RNG state, causing
excessive locking contention if lots of threads are spinning on
a MySQL's 'fast' mutex. The code was also misusing the value
of the RAND_MAX macro, this macro represents the largest value
that can be returned from the rand() function, not random().

The solution is to use the quite simple Park-Miller random number
generator. The initial seed is set to 1 because the previously used
generator wasn't being seeded -- the initial seed is 1 if srandom()
is not called.

Futhermore, the 'fast' mutex implementation has several shortcomings
and provides no measurable performance benefit. Therefore, its use is
not recommended unless it provides directly measurable results.


include/my_pthread.h:
  Add field to keep the RNG state.
mysys/thr_mutex.c:
  Use a palliative per-mutex rng state to determine the spin delay.
  The RNG is not thread-safe but jumping a few sequences in the RNG
  is harmless.

include/my_pthread.h

@@ -519,6 +519,7 @@ typedef struct st_my_pthread_fastmutex_t
 {
   pthread_mutex_t mutex;
   uint spins;
+  uint rng_state;
 } my_pthread_fastmutex_t;
 void fastmutex_global_init(void);
 

mysys/thr_mutex.c

@@ -438,9 +438,33 @@ int my_pthread_fastmutex_init(my_pthread_fastmutex_t *mp,
     mp->spins= MY_PTHREAD_FASTMUTEX_SPINS; 
   else
     mp->spins= 0;
+  mp->rng_state= 1;
   return pthread_mutex_init(&mp->mutex, attr); 
 }
 
+/**
+  Park-Miller random number generator. A simple linear congruential
+  generator that operates in multiplicative group of integers modulo n.
+
+  x_{k+1} = (x_k g) mod n
+
+  Popular pair of parameters: n = 2^32 − 5 = 4294967291 and g = 279470273.
+  The period of the generator is about 2^31.
+  Largest value that can be returned: 2147483646 (RAND_MAX)
+
+  Reference:
+
+  S. K. Park and K. W. Miller
+  "Random number generators: good ones are hard to find"
+  Commun. ACM, October 1988, Volume 31, No 10, pages 1192-1201.
+*/
+
+static double park_rng(my_pthread_fastmutex_t *mp)
+{
+  mp->rng_state= ((my_ulonglong)mp->rng_state * 279470273U) % 4294967291U;
+  return (mp->rng_state / 2147483647.0);
+}
+
 int my_pthread_fastmutex_lock(my_pthread_fastmutex_t *mp)
 {
   int   res;
@@ -458,8 +482,7 @@ int my_pthread_fastmutex_lock(my_pthread_fastmutex_t *mp)
       return res;
 
     mutex_delay(maxdelay);
-    maxdelay += ((double) random() / (double) RAND_MAX) * 
-	        MY_PTHREAD_FASTMUTEX_DELAY + 1;
+    maxdelay += park_rng(mp) * MY_PTHREAD_FASTMUTEX_DELAY + 1;
   }
   return pthread_mutex_lock(&mp->mutex);
 }