MDEV-30289: Implement small_vector for mtr_t::m_memo

To avoid heap memory allocation overhead for mtr_t::m_memo,
we will allocate a small number of elements statically in
mtr_t::m_memo::small. Only if that preallocated data is
insufficient, we will invoke my_alloc() or my_realloc() for
more storage. The implementation of the data structure is
inspired by llvm::SmallVector.

storage/innobase/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -344,12 +344,14 @@ SET(INNOBASE_SOURCES
 	include/row0upd.inl
 	include/row0vers.h
 	include/rw_lock.h
+	include/small_vector.h
 	include/srv0mon.h
 	include/srv0mon.inl
 	include/srv0srv.h
 	include/srv0start.h
 	include/srw_lock.h
 	include/sux_lock.h
+	include/transactional_lock_guard.h
 	include/trx0i_s.h
 	include/trx0purge.h
 	include/trx0rec.h

storage/innobase/include/mtr0mtr.h

 /*****************************************************************************
 
 Copyright (c) 1995, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
-Copyright (c) 2013, 2022, MariaDB Corporation.
+Copyright (c) 2013, 2023, MariaDB Corporation.
 
 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Created 11/26/1995 Heikki Tuuri
 #include "fil0fil.h"
 #include "dyn0buf.h"
 #include "buf0buf.h"
-#include <vector>
+#include "small_vector.h"
 
 /** Start a mini-transaction. */
 #define mtr_start(m)		(m)->start()
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ struct mtr_t {
 #endif /* UNIV_DEBUG */
 
   /** acquired dict_index_t::lock, fil_space_t::latch, buf_block_t */
-  std::vector<mtr_memo_slot_t> m_memo;
+  small_vector<mtr_memo_slot_t, 16> m_memo;
 
   /** mini-transaction log */
   mtr_buf_t m_log;

storage/innobase/include/small_vector.h

+/*****************************************************************************
+
+Copyright (c) 2023, MariaDB Corporation.
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1335 USA
+
+*****************************************************************************/
+
+#pragma once
+/* A normally small vector, inspired by llvm::SmallVector */
+#include "my_global.h"
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+
+class small_vector_base
+{
+protected:
+  typedef uint32_t Size_T;
+  void *BeginX;
+  Size_T Size= 0, Capacity;
+  small_vector_base()= delete;
+  small_vector_base(void *small, size_t small_size)
+    : BeginX(small), Capacity(Size_T(small_size)) {}
+  ATTRIBUTE_COLD void grow_by_1(void *small, size_t element_size);
+public:
+  size_t size() const { return Size; }
+  size_t capacity() const { return Capacity; }
+  bool empty() const { return !Size; }
+  void clear() { Size= 0; }
+protected:
+  void set_size(size_t N) { Size= Size_T(N); }
+};
+
+template <typename T, unsigned N>
+class small_vector : public small_vector_base
+{
+  /** The fixed storage allocation */
+  T small[N];
+
+  using small_vector_base::set_size;
+
+  void grow_if_needed()
+  {
+    if (unlikely(size() >= capacity()))
+      grow_by_1(small, sizeof *small);
+  }
+
+public:
+  small_vector() : small_vector_base(small, N)
+  {
+    TRASH_ALLOC(small, sizeof small);
+  }
+  ~small_vector()
+  {
+    if (small != begin())
+      my_free(begin());
+    MEM_MAKE_ADDRESSABLE(small, sizeof small);
+  }
+
+  using iterator= T *;
+  using const_iterator= const T *;
+  using reverse_iterator= std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
+  using reference= T &;
+
+  iterator begin() { return static_cast<iterator>(BeginX); }
+  const_iterator begin() const { return static_cast<const_iterator>(BeginX); }
+  iterator end() { return begin() + size(); }
+  const_iterator end() const { return begin() + size(); }
+
+  reverse_iterator rbegin() { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
+  reverse_iterator rend() { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
+
+  reference operator[](size_t i) { assert(i < size()); return begin()[i]; }
+
+  void erase(const_iterator S, const_iterator E)
+  {
+    set_size(std::move(const_cast<iterator>(E), end(),
+                       const_cast<iterator>(S)) - begin());
+  }
+
+  void emplace_back(T &&arg)
+  {
+    grow_if_needed();
+    ::new (end()) T(arg);
+    set_size(size() + 1);
+  }
+};

storage/innobase/mtr/mtr0mtr.cc

 /*****************************************************************************
 
 Copyright (c) 1995, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
-Copyright (c) 2017, 2022, MariaDB Corporation.
+Copyright (c) 2017, 2023, MariaDB Corporation.
 
 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ void mtr_t::release(const void *object)
   ut_ad(it != m_memo.end());
   ut_ad(!(it->type & MTR_MEMO_MODIFY));
   it->release();
-  m_memo.erase(it);
+  m_memo.erase(it, it + 1);
   ut_ad(std::find_if(m_memo.begin(), m_memo.end(),
                      [object](const mtr_memo_slot_t& slot)
                      { return slot.object == &object; }) == m_memo.end());
@@ -1235,3 +1235,19 @@ void mtr_t::free(const fil_space_t &space, uint32_t offset)
     m_log.close(log_write<FREE_PAGE>(id, nullptr));
   }
 }
+
+void small_vector_base::grow_by_1(void *small, size_t element_size)
+{
+  const size_t cap= Capacity*= 2, s= cap * element_size;
+  void *new_begin;
+  if (BeginX == small)
+  {
+    new_begin= my_malloc(PSI_NOT_INSTRUMENTED, s, MYF(0));
+    memcpy(new_begin, BeginX, size() * element_size);
+    TRASH_FREE(small, size() * element_size);
+  }
+  else
+    new_begin= my_realloc(PSI_NOT_INSTRUMENTED, BeginX, s, MYF(0));
+
+  BeginX= new_begin;
+}