Tests for MDEV-15881 Assertion `is_valid_value_slow()' failed in Datetime::Datetime or corrupt data after ALTER with indexed persistent column

The patch for "MDEV-18486 Database crash on a table with indexed virtual column"
fixed MDEV-15881 as well. So adding tests only.

The field roll_node_t::partial holds if and only if
savept has been set. Make savept a pointer.

trx_rollback_start(): Use the semantic type undo_no_t for roll_limit.

PROBLEM
-------
Function innodb_base_col_setup_for_stored() was skipping to store
the base column information for a generated column if the base column
was a "STORED" generated column. This later causes a crash in function
innoabse_col_check_fk() where it says that a generated columns depends
upon two base columns ,but there is information on only one of them.
There was a explicit check barring the stored columns being stored,
which is wrong because the documentation says that a generated stored
column can be a part of a generated column.

FIX
----
Store the information of base column if it is a stored generated column.

#RB21247
Reviewed by: Debarun Banerjee <debarun.banerjee@oracle.com>

Adapt the test case from
mysql/mysql-server@2bbbcddd903626c84c610dd2ed82cc22ee4d6cde
(MySQL 5.7.26).

Problem:
io_getevents() - read asynchronous I/O events from the completion
queue. For each IO event, the res field in io_event tells whether IO
event is succeeded or not. To see if the IO actually succeeded we
always need to check event.res (negative=error,
positive=bytesread/written).
LinuxAIOHandler::collect() doesn't check event.res value for each event.
which leads to incorrect value in n_bytes for IO context (or IO Slot).

Fix:
Added a check for event.res negative value.

RB: 20871
Reviewed by : annamalai.gurusami@oracle.com

MDEV-16518 MYSQL57_GENERATED_FIELD: The code in TABLE_SHARE::init_from_binary_frm_image() is not safe

Problem:
========
The mysqlbinlog tool is leaking memory, causing failures in various tests when
compiling and testing with AddressSanitizer or LeakSanitizer like this:

cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DWITH_ASAN:BOOL=ON /path/to/source
make -j$(nproc)
cd mysql-test
ASAN_OPTIONS=abort_on_error=1 ./mtr --parallel=auto

Analysis:
=========
Two types of leaks were observed during above execution.

1) Leak in Log_event::read_log_event(char const*, unsigned int, char const**,
   Format_description_log_event const*, char)
   File: sql/log_event.cc:2150

For all row based replication events the memory which is allocated during
read_log_event is not freed after the event is processed. The event specific
memory has to be retained only when flashback option is enabled with
mysqlbinlog tool. In this case all the events are retained till the end
statement is received and they are processed in reverse order and they are
destroyed. But in the existing code all events are retained irrespective of
flashback mode. Hence the memory leaks are observed.

2) read_remote_annotate_event(unsigned char*, unsigned long, char const**)
   File: client/mysqlbinlog.cc:194

In general the Annotate event is not printed immediately because all
subsequent rbr-events can be filtered away. Instead it will be printed
together with the first not filtered away Table map or the last rbr will be
processed. While reading remote annotate events memory is allocated for event
buffer and event's temp_buf is made to point to the allocated buffer as shown
below.  The TRUE flag is used for doing proper cleanup using free_temp_buf().
i.e at the time of deletion of annotate event its destructor takes care of
clearing the temp_buf.

/*
  Ensure the event->temp_buf is pointing to the allocated buffer.
  (TRUE = free temp_buf on the event deletion)
*/
 event->register_temp_buf((char*)event_buf, TRUE);

But existing code does the following when it receives a remote annotate_event.

if (remote_opt)
  ev->temp_buf= 0;

That is code immediately sets temp_buf=0, because of which free_temp_buf()
call will return empty handed as it has lost the reference to the allocated
temporary buffer. This results in memory leak

Fix:
====
1) If not in flashback mode, destroy the memory for events once they are
processed.

2) Remove the ev->temp_buf=0 code for remote option. Let the proper cleanup to
be done as part of free_temp_buf().

Set table in row ID position mode before using this function.

INSERT and REPLACE served by the same function, so flags (and processing) should be the same.

Normally, the InnoDB master thread executes InnoDB log checkpoints
so frequently that bugs in crash recovery or redo logging can be
hard to reproduce. This is because crash recovery would start replaying
the log only from the latest checkpoint. Because the InnoDB redo log
format only allows saving information for at most 2 latest checkpoints,
and because the log files are written in a circular fashion, it would
be challenging to implement a debug option that would start the redo
log apply from the very start of the redo log file.

It's a micro optimization. On most platforms CPUs has instructions to
compare with 0 fast. DB_SUCCESS is the most popular outcome of functions
and this patch optimized code like (err == DB_SUCCESS)

BtrBulk::finish(): bogus assertion fixed

fil_node_t::read_page0(): corrected usage of os_file_read()

que_eval_sql(): bugus assertion removed. Apparently it checked that
the field was assigned after having been zero-initialized at
object creation.

It turns out that the return type of os_file_read_func() was changed
in mysql/mysql-server@98909cefbc37e54efc6452c7e95bccbf64ac9213 (MySQL 5.7)
from ibool to dberr_t. The reviewer (if there was any) failed to
point out that because of future merges, it could be a bad idea to
change the return type of a function without changing the function name.

This change was applied to MariaDB 10.2.2 in
commit 2e814d47 but the
MariaDB-specific code was not fully adjusted accordingly,
e.g. in fil_node_open_file(). Essentially, code like
!os_file_read(...) became dead code in MariaDB and later
in Mariabackup 10.2, and we could be dealing with an uninitialized
buffer after a failed page read.

InnoDB could return the same list again and again if the buffer
passed to trx_recover_for_mysql() is smaller than the number of
transactions that InnoDB recovered in XA PREPARE state.

We introduce the transaction state TRX_PREPARED_RECOVERED, which
is like TRX_PREPARED, but will be set during trx_recover_for_mysql()
so that each transaction will only be returned once.

Because init_server_components() is invoking ha_recover() twice,
we must reset the state of the transactions back to TRX_PREPARED
after returning the complete list, so that repeated traversals
will see the complete list again, instead of seeing an empty list.
Without this tweak, the test main.tc_heuristic_recover would hang
in MariaDB 10.1.

            failed in compare_order_elements function

The issue here is the function compare_order_lists() is called for the order by list of the window functions
so that those window function that can be computed together are adjacent.
So in the function compare_order_list we iterate over all the elements in the order list of the two functions and
compare the items in their order by clause.
The function compare_order_elements() is called for each item in the
order by clause. This function assumes that all the items that are in the order by list would be of the type
Item::FIELD_ITEM.

The case we have is that we have constants in the order by clause. We should ignore the constant and only compare
items of the type Item::FIELD_ITEM in compare_order_elements()

Problem:
========
The mysqlbinlog tool is leaking memory, causing failures in various tests when
compiling and testing with AddressSanitizer or LeakSanitizer like this:

cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DWITH_ASAN:BOOL=ON /path/to/source
make -j$(nproc)
cd mysql-test
ASAN_OPTIONS=abort_on_error=1 ./mtr --parallel=auto rpl.rpl_row_mysqlbinlog

CURRENT_TEST: rpl.rpl_row_mysqlbinlog

Direct leak of 112 byte(s) in 1 object(s) allocated from:
#0 0x4eff87 in __interceptor_malloc (/dev/shm/5.5/client/mysqlbinlog+0x4eff87)
#1 0x60eaab in my_malloc /mariadb/5.5/mysys/my_malloc.c:41:10
#2 0x5300dd in Log_event::read_log_event(char const*, unsigned int, char const**,
   Format_description_log_event const*, char) /mariadb/5.5/sql/log_event.cc:1568:
#3 0x564a9c in dump_remote_log_entries(st_print_event_info*, char const*)
/mariadb/5.5/client/mysqlbinlog.cc:1978:17

Analysis:
========
'mysqlbinlog' tool is being used to read binary log events from a remote server.
While reading binary log, if a fake rotate event is found following actions are
taken.

If 'to-last-log' option is specified, then fake rotate event is processed.
In the absence of 'to-last-log' skip the fake rotate event.

In this skipped case the fake rotate event object is not getting cleaned up
resulting in memory leak.

Fix:
===
Cleanup the fake rotate event.

This issues is already fixed in MariaDB 10.0.23 and higher versions as part of
commit c3018b0f

           with GROUP BY + ORDER BY

The method JOIN::create_postjoin_aggr_table() should not call
call JOIN::add_sorting_to_table() unless the first non-constant join
table is passed as the first parameter to the method.

dict_create_foreign_constraints_low(): Tolerate the keywords
IGNORE and ONLINE between the keywords ALTER and TABLE.

We should really remove the hacky FOREIGN KEY constraint parser
from InnoDB.

Otherwise, it is possible for "prepare" to exit with error code 0,
even if it did not work at all.

MDEV-9465 The constructor StringBuffer(const char *str, size_t length, const CHARSET_INFO *cs) looks suspicious

Removing the suspicious constructor, it's not used in the code anyway.

The command SHOW INDEXES ignored setting of the system variable
use_stat_tables to the value of 'preferably' and and showed statistical
data received from the engine. Similarly queries over the table
STATISTICS from INFORMATION_SCHEMA ignored this setting. It happened
because the function fill_schema_table_by_open() did not read any data
from statistical tables.

In the case of error when object shapes are half-collected we need
to set the NULL at the vertice's list.

The compile-time option IBUF_COUNT_DEBUG has not been used for years.
It would only work with up to 3 created .ibd files, with no buffered
changes existing while InnoDB is started up.

MDEV-17297: stats.records=0 for a table of Archive engine when it has rows, when we run ANALYZE command

Archive storage engine assumed that any query that attempts to read from
the table will call ha_archive::info() beforehand. ha_archive would flush
un-written data in that call (this would make it visible for the reads).

Break this assumption. Flush the data when the table is opened for reading.

This way, one can do multiple write statements without causing a flush, but
as soon as we might need the data, we flush it.

InnoDB crash recovery used to read every data page for which
redo log exists. This is unnecessary for those pages that are
initialized by the redo log. If a newly created page is corrupted,
recovery could unnecessarily fail. It would suffice to reinitialize
the page based on the redo log records.

To add insult to injury, InnoDB crash recovery could hang if it
encountered a corrupted page. We will fix also that problem.
InnoDB would normally refuse to start up if it encounters a
corrupted page on recovery, but that can be overridden by
setting innodb_force_recovery=1.

Data pages are completely initialized by the records
MLOG_INIT_FILE_PAGE2 and MLOG_ZIP_PAGE_COMPRESS.
MariaDB 10.4 additionally recognizes MLOG_INIT_FREE_PAGE,
which notifies that a page has been freed and its contents
can be discarded (filled with zeroes).

The record MLOG_INDEX_LOAD notifies that redo logging has
been re-enabled after being disabled. We can avoid loading
the page if all buffered redo log records predate the
MLOG_INDEX_LOAD record.

For the internal tables of FULLTEXT INDEX, no MLOG_INDEX_LOAD
records were written before commit aa3f7a10.
Hence, we will skip these optimizations for tables whose
name starts with FTS_.

This is joint work with Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani.

fil_space_t::enable_lsn, file_name_t::enable_lsn: The LSN of the
latest recovered MLOG_INDEX_LOAD record for a tablespace.

mlog_init: Page initialization operations discovered during
redo log scanning. FIXME: This really belongs in recv_sys->addr_hash,
and should be removed in MDEV-19176.

recv_addr_state: Add the new state RECV_WILL_NOT_READ to
indicate that according to mlog_init, the page will be
initialized based on redo log record contents.

recv_add_to_hash_table(): Set the RECV_WILL_NOT_READ state
if appropriate. For now, we do not treat MLOG_ZIP_PAGE_COMPRESS
as page initialization. This works around bugs in the crash
recovery of ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED tables.

recv_mark_log_index_load(): Process a MLOG_INDEX_LOAD record
by resetting the state to RECV_NOT_PROCESSED and by updating
the fil_name_t::enable_lsn.

recv_init_crash_recovery_spaces(): Copy fil_name_t::enable_lsn
to fil_space_t::enable_lsn.

recv_recover_page(): Add the parameter init_lsn, to ignore
any log records that precede the page initialization.
Add DBUG output about skipped operations.

buf_page_create(): Initialize FIL_PAGE_LSN, so that
recv_recover_page() will not wrongly skip applying
the page-initialization record due to the field containing
some newer LSN as a leftover from a different page.
Do not invoke ibuf_merge_or_delete_for_page() during
crash recovery.

recv_apply_hashed_log_recs(): Remove some unnecessary lookups.
Note if a corrupted page was found during recovery.
After invoking buf_page_create(), do invoke
ibuf_merge_or_delete_for_page() via mlog_init.ibuf_merge()
in the last recovery batch.

ibuf_merge_or_delete_for_page(): Relax a debug assertion.

innobase_start_or_create_for_mysql(): Abort startup if
a corrupted page was found during recovery. Corrupted pages
will not be flagged if innodb_force_recovery is set.
However, the recv_sys->found_corrupt_fs flag can be set
regardless of innodb_force_recovery if file names are found
to be incorrect (for example, multiple files with the same
tablespace ID).

Similar to what was done in commit aa3f7a10
for FULLTEXT INDEX, we must ensure that MLOG_INDEX_LOAD records will always
be written if redo logging was disabled.

row_merge_build_indexes(): Invoke row_merge_write_redo() also when
online operation is not being executed or an error occurs.
In case of an error, invoke flush_observer->interrupted() so that
the pages will not be flushed but merely evicted from the buffer pool.
Before resuming redo logging, it is crucial for the correctness of
mariabackup and InnoDB crash recovery to flush or evict all affected pages
and to write MLOG_INDEX_LOAD records.

innobase_init(): Add a missing space to a warning message.
Apparently, this message was corrupted in MariaDB 10.2.2 in
commit fec844ac related to a
conflict resolution when applying a change from MySQL 5.7.12.

For single table updates and multi-table updates , engine independent statistics were not being
read even if the statistics were collected.
Fixed it, so when the optimizer_use_condition_selectivity > 2 then we would read the available
statistics for update queries.

and don't pass BUILD_CONFIG twice, once is enough.