The test innodb.row_size_error_log_warnings_3 that was added in
commit 372b0e63 (MDEV-20194)
failed to take into account the earlier adjustment in
commit cf574cf5 (MDEV-27634)
that is specific to many GNU/Linux distributions for the s390x.

In commit 03ca6495 and
commit ff5d306e
we forgot to remove some Google copyright notices related to
a contribution of using atomic memory access in the old InnoDB
mutex_t and rw_lock_t implementation.

The copyright notices had been mostly added in
commit c6232c06
due to commit a1bb700f.

The following Google contributions remain:
* some logic related to the parameter innodb_io_capacity
* innodb_encrypt_tables, added in MariaDB Server 10.1

Let us move some #include directives from buf0buf.inl to
the compilation units where they are really used.

buf_LRU_block_remove_hashed(): Remove a comment that had been added
in mysql/mysql-server@aad1c7d0dd8a152ef6bb685356c68ad9978d686a
and apparently referring to buf_LRU_invalidate_tablespace(),
which was later replaced with buf_LRU_flush_or_remove_pages() and
ultimately with buf_flush_remove_pages() and buf_flush_list_space().
All that code is covered by buf_pool.mutex. The note about releasing
the hash_lock for the buf_pool.page_hash slice would actually apply to
the last reference to hash_lock in buf_LRU_free_page(), for the
case zip=false (retaining a ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED page while
discarding the uncompressed one).

MDEV-29693 ANALYZE TABLE still flushes table definition cache when engine-independent statistics is used

This commits enables reloading of engine-independent statistics
without flushing the table from table definition cache.

This is achieved by allowing multiple version of the
TABLE_STATISTICS_CB object and having independent pointers to it in
TABLE and TABLE_SHARE.  The TABLE_STATISTICS_CB object have reference
pointers and are freed when no one is pointing to it anymore.

TABLE's TABLE_STATISTICS_CB pointer is updated to use the
TABLE_SHARE's pointer when read_statistics_for_tables() is called at
the beginning of a query.

Main changes:
- read_statistics_for_table() will allocate an new TABLE_STATISTICS_CB
  object.
- All get_stat_values() functions has a new parameter that tells
  where collected data should be stored. get_stat_values() are not
  using the table_field object anymore to store data.
- All get_stat_values() functions returns 1 if they found any
  data in the statistics tables.

Other things:
- Fixed INSERT DELAYED to not read statistics tables.
- Removed Statistics_state from TABLE_STATISTICS_CB as this is not
  needed anymore as wer are not changing TABLE_SHARE->stats_cb while
  calculating or loading statistics.
- Store values used with store_from_statistical_minmax_field() in
  TABLE_STATISTICS_CB::mem_root. This allowed me to remove the function
  delete_stat_values_for_table_share().
  - Field_blob::store_from_statistical_minmax_field() is implemented
    but is not normally used as we do not yet support EIS statistics
    for blobs. For example Field_blob::update_min() and
    Field_blob::update_max() are not implemented.
    Note that the function can be called if there is an concurrent
    "ALTER TABLE MODIFY field BLOB" running because of a bug in
    ALTER TABLE where it deletes entries from column_stats
    before it has an exclusive lock on the table.
- Use result of field->val_str(&val) as a pointer to the result
  instead of val (safetly fix).
- Allocate memory for collected statistics in THD::mem_root, not in
  in TABLE::mem_root. This could cause the TABLE object to grow if a
  ANALYZE TABLE was run many times on the same table.
  This was done in allocate_statistics_for_table(),
  create_min_max_statistical_fields_for_table() and
  create_min_max_statistical_fields_for_table_share().
- Store in TABLE_STATISTICS_CB::stats_available which statistics was
  found in the statistics tables.
- Removed index_table from class Index_prefix_calc as it was not used.
- Added TABLE_SHARE::LOCK_statistics to ensure we don't load EITS
  in parallel. First thread will load it, others will reuse the
  loaded data.
- Eliminate read_histograms_for_table(). The loading happens within
  read_statistics_for_tables() if histograms are needed.
  One downside is that if we have read statistics without histograms
  before and someone requires histograms, we have to read all statistics
  again (once) from the statistics tables.
  A smaller downside is the need to call alloc_root() for each
  individual histogram. Before we could allocate all the space for
  histograms with a single alloc_root.
- Fixed bug in MyISAM and Aria where they did not properly notice
  that table had changed after analyze table. This was not a problem
  before this patch as then the MyISAM and Aria tables where flushed
  as part of ANALYZE table which did hide this issue.
- Fixed a bug in ANALYZE table where table->records could be seen as 0
  in collect_statistics_for_table(). The effect of this unlikely bug
  was that a full table scan could be done even if
  analyze_sample_percentage was not set to 1.
- Changed multiple mallocs in a row to use multi_alloc_root().
- Added a mutex protection in update_statistics_for_table() to ensure
  that several tables are not updating the statistics at the same time.

Some of the changes in sql_statistics.cc are based on a patch from
Oleg Smirnov <olernov@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Oleg Smirnov <olernov@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Vicentiu Ciorbaru <cvicentiu@gmail.com>
Reviewer: Sergei Petrunia <sergey@mariadb.com>

trx_undo_write_xid(): Correct an off-by-one error in a debug assertion.

buf_read_page_low(): Remove an error message that could be triggered
by buf_read_ahead_linear() or buf_read_ahead_random().

This is a backport of commit c9eff1a1
from MariaDB Server 10.5.

buf_read_ahead_random(), buf_read_ahead_linear(): Avoid read-ahead
of the last page(s) of ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED tablespaces that use
a page size of 1024 or 2048 bytes. We invoke os_file_set_size() on
integer multiples of 4096 bytes in order to be compatible with
the requirements of innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT regardless of the
physical block size of the underlying storage.

This change must be null-merged to MariaDB Server 10.5 and later.
There, out-of-bounds read-ahead should be handled gracefully
by simply discarding the buffer page that had been allocated.

Tested by: Matthias Leich

When the SQL driver thread goes to wait for room in the parallel slave
worker queue, there was a race where a kill at the right moment could
be ignored and the wait proceed uninterrupted by the kill.

Fix by moving the THD::check_killed() to occur _after_ doing ENTER_COND().

This bug was seen as sporadic failure of the testcase rpl.rpl_parallel
(rpl.rpl_parallel_gco_wait_kill since 10.5), with "Slave stopped with
wrong error code".
Signed-off-by: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>

Something went wrong during a merge (from 10.5 to 10.6)
of 68403eed
(fixing bugs MDEV-27207 and MDEV-31719).

Originally (in 10.5) the fix was done in_inet6::set() in
plugin/type_inet/sql_type_inet.cc.
In 10.6 this code resides in a different place:
in the method in_fbt::set() of a template class
in sql/sql_type_fixedbin.h.

During the merge:
- the fix did not properly migrate to in_fbt::set()
- the related MTR tests disappeared

This patch fixes in_fbt::set() properly and restores MTR tests.

The problem is that the first execution of the prepared statement makes
a permanent optimization of converting the LEFT JOIN to an INNER JOIN.

This is based on the assumption that all the user parameters (?) are
always constants and that parameters to Item_cond() will not change value
from true and false between different executions.

(The example was using IS NULL, which will change value if parameter
depending on if the parameter is NULL or not).

The fix is to change Item_cond::fix_fields() and
Item_cond::eval_not_null_tables() to not threat user parameters as
constants. This will ensure that we don't do the LEFT_JOIN -> INNER
JOIN conversion that causes problems.

There is also some things that needs to be improved regarding
calculations of not_null_tables_cache as we get a different value for
WHERE 1 or t1.a=1
compared to
WHERE t1.a= or 1

Changes done:
- Mark Item_param with the PARAM flag to be able to quickly check
  in Item_cond::eval_not_null_tables() if an item contains a
  prepared statement parameter (just like we check for stored procedure
  parameters).
- Fixed that Item_cond::not_null_tables_cache is not depending on
  order of arguments.
- Don't call item->eval_const_cond() for items that are NOT on the top
  level of the WHERE clause. This removed a lot of unnecessary
  warnings in the test suite!
- Do not reset not_null_tables_cache for not top level items.
- Simplified Item_cond::fix_fields by calling eval_not_null_tables()
  instead of having duplication of all the code in
  eval_not_null_tables().
- Return an error if Item_cond::fix_field() generates an error
  The old code did generate an error in some cases, but not in all
   cases.
  - Fixed all handling of the above error in make_cond_for_tables().
    The error handling by the callers did not exists before which
    could lead to asserts in many different places in the old code).
  - All changes in sql_select.cc are just checking the return value of
    fix_fields() and make_cond_for_tables() and returning an error
    value if fix_fields() returns true or make_cond_for_tables()
    returns NULL and is_error() is set.
- Mark Item_cond as const_item if all arguments returns true for
  can_eval_in_optimize().

Reviewer: Sergei Petrunia <sergey@mariadb.com>

Signed-off-by: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>

Signed-off-by: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>

Remove the exception that InnoDB does not report auto-increment locks waits
to the parallel replication.

There was an assumption that these waits could not cause conflicts with
in-order parallel replication and thus need not be reported. However, this
assumption is wrong and it is possible to get conflicts that lead to hangs
for the duration of --innodb-lock-wait-timeout. This can be seen with three
transactions:

1. T1 is waiting for T3 on an autoinc lock
2. T2 is waiting for T1 to commit
3. T3 is waiting on a normal row lock held by T2

Here, T3 needs to be deadlock killed on the wait by T1.
Signed-off-by: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>

Restore code to make InnoDB choose the second transaction as a deadlock
victim if two transactions deadlock that need to commit in-order for
parallel replication. This code was erroneously removed when VATS was
implemented in InnoDB.

Also add a test case for InnoDB choosing the right deadlock victim.
Also fixes this bug, with testcase that reliably reproduces:

MDEV-28776: rpl.rpl_mark_optimize_tbl_ddl fails with timeout on sync_with_master
Reviewed-by: Marko Mäkelä <marko.makela@mariadb.com>
Signed-off-by: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>

Restore code to make InnoDB choose the second transaction as a deadlock
victim if two transactions deadlock that need to commit in-order for
parallel replication. This code was erroneously removed when VATS was
implemented in InnoDB.

Also add a test case for InnoDB choosing the right deadlock victim.
Also fixes this bug, with testcase that reliably reproduces:

MDEV-28776: rpl.rpl_mark_optimize_tbl_ddl fails with timeout on sync_with_master

Note: This should be null-merged to 10.6, as a different fix is needed
there due to InnoDB locking code changes.
Signed-off-by: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>

Remove the exception that InnoDB does not report auto-increment locks waits
to the parallel replication.

There was an assumption that these waits could not cause conflicts with
in-order parallel replication and thus need not be reported. However, this
assumption is wrong and it is possible to get conflicts that lead to hangs
for the duration of --innodb-lock-wait-timeout. This can be seen with three
transactions:

1. T1 is waiting for T3 on an autoinc lock
2. T2 is waiting for T1 to commit
3. T3 is waiting on a normal row lock held by T2

Here, T3 needs to be deadlock killed on the wait by T1.

Note: This should be null-merged to 10.6, as a different fix is needed
there due to InnoDB lock code changes.
Signed-off-by: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>

The test innodb.alter_rename_files rather frequently hangs in
checkpoint_set_now. The test was removed in MariaDB Server 10.5
commit 37e7bde1 when the code that
it aimed to cover was simplified. Starting with MariaDB Server 10.5
the page flushing and log checkpointing is much simpler, handled
by the single buf_flush_page_cleaner() thread.

Let us remove the test to avoid occasional failures. We are not going
to fix the cause of the failure in MariaDB Server 10.4.

Fix issue was earlier fixed by MDEV-31724. Only adding MTR tests.

Field_varstring::get_copy_func() did not take into account
that functions do_varstring1[_mb], do_varstring2[_mb] do not support
compressed data.

Changing the return value of Field_varstring::get_copy_func()
to `do_field_string` if there is a compresion and truncation
at the same time. This fixes the problem, so now it works as follows:
- val_str() uncompresses the data
- The prefix is then calculated on the uncompressed data

Additionally, introducing two new copying functions
- do_varstring1_no_truncation()
- do_varstring2_no_truncation()

Using new copying functions in cases when:
- a Field_varstring with length_bytes==1 is changing to a longer
    Field_varstring with length_bytes==1
- a Field_varstring with length_bytes==2 is changing to a longer
    Field_varstring with length_bytes==2

In these cases we don't care neither of compression nor
of multi-byte prefixes: the entire data gets fully copied
from the source column to the target column as is.

This is a kind of new optimization, but this also was needed
to preserve existing MTR test results.

MYSQL_SYSVAR_ENUM(checksum_algorithm): Correct the documentation string.
Fixes up commit 7a4fbb55 (MDEV-25105).

This is also related to
MDEV-31348 Assertion `last_key_entry >= end_pos' failed in virtual bool
           JOIN_CACHE_HASHED::put_record()

Valgrind exposed a problem with the join_cache for hash joins:
=25636== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==25636== at 0xA8FF4E: JOIN_CACHE_HASHED::init_hash_table()
          (sql_join_cache.cc:2901)

The reason for this was that avg_record_length contained a random value
if one had used SET optimizer_switch='optimize_join_buffer_size=off'.

This causes either 'random size' memory to be allocated (up to
join_buffer_size) which can increase memory usage or, if avg_record_length
is less than the row size, memory overwrites in thd->mem_root, which is
bad.

Fixed by setting avg_record_length in JOIN_CACHE_HASHED::init()
before it's used.

There is no test case for MDEV-31893 as valgrind of join_cache_notasan
checks that.
I added a test case for MDEV-31348.

The test case accessed slave-relay-bin.000003 without waiting for the IO
thread to write it first. If the IO thread was slow, this could fail.
Signed-off-by: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>

Revert the old work-around for buggy fdatasync() on Linux ext3. This bug was
fixed in Linux > 10 years ago back to kernel version at least 3.0.
Reviewed-by: Marko Mäkelä <marko.makela@mariadb.com>
Signed-off-by: Kristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>