MDEV-34529  Shrink the system tablespace when system tablespace contains MDEV-30671 leaked undo pages

- InnoDB fails to shrink the system tablespace when it contains
the leaked undo log pages caused by MDEV-30671.

- InnoDB does free the unused segment in system tablespace
before shrinking the tablespace.

inode_info: Structure to store the inode page and offsets.

fil_space_t::garbage_collect(): Frees the system tablespace
unused segment

fsp_free_unused_seg(): Frees the unused segment

fsp_get_sys_used_segment(): Iterates through all default
file segment and index segment present in system tablespace.

fseg_inode_free(): Frees the extents, fragment pages for the
given index node and ignores any error similar to
trx_purge_free_segment()

trx_sys_t::reset_page(): Retain the TRX_SYS_FSEG_HEADER value
in trx_sys page while resetting the page.

MDEV-30822: Adjust wsrep_sst_mariabackup.sh to understand both pre-MDEV-18931 and post-MDEV-18931 file naming

This commit adds support for legacy names for files such
as mariadb_backup_galera_info, mariadb_backup_checkpoints
and mariabackup_binlog_info to allow upgrading from old
to new server versions without stopping the galera cluster.

The loose regex for the MDEV-34539 test ended up
matching the opensuse in the path in buildbot.

Adjust to more complete regex including space,
backtick and \n, which becomes much less common
as a path name.

btr_cur_t::search_leaf(): Remove a redundant condition.
This fixes up the merge commit cfa9784e

The lsof utility is prone to blocking on system calls that
it uses to obtain information about sockets (or files, devices,
etc.). This behavior is described in its own documentation.
It has a '-b' option (in combination with warnings suppression
via '-w') that reduces the probability of blocking, introducing
new problems (luckily probably not relevant for our use case).
However, there is no guarantee that it will not hang on some
distributions, with some TCP/IP stack implementations, or with
some filesystems, etc. Also, of the three utilities that are
suitable for our purposes, lsof is the slowest. So if there
are other utilities that we use during SST, such as 'ss' or
'sockstat', it is reasonable to use them instead of lsof.
This commit changes the prioritization of utilities, it does
not need additional tests (besides the numerous SST tests
already available in the galera suites). If the system still
need to use lsof, this commit adds the '-b' and '-w' options
to it command line - to reduce the likelihood of blocking.

Removed handling of the long-unsupported xtrabackup_pid file,
as it is not even created by modern versions of mariabackup.
Instead, added stopping of the asynchronous process that
mariabackup runs (if it is still active) to the exception
handler.

This commit makes the SST script for mariabackup more
resilient to unexpected terminations or hangs while
mariabackup or when SST scripts in a previous session
are still running (in reality they were hung while
waiting for something).

GCC 12.2.0 could issue -Wnonnull for an unreachable call to
strlen(new_path).  Let us prevent that by replacing the condition
(type == FILE_RENAME) with the equivalent (new_path).
This should also optimize the generated code, because the life time
of the parameter "type" will be reduced.

log_t::resize_write_buf(): If d<0 and d>-length, d will fit in ssize_t,
which is a signed 32-bit or 64-bit integer. Cast from int64_t to ssize_t
to make this clear and to silence a compiler warning.

my_b_encr_write(): Initialize also block_length, and at the same time
last_block_length, so that all 128 bits can be initialized with fewer
writes. This fixes an error that was caught in the test
encryption.tempfiles_encrypted.

test_my_safe_print_str(): Skip a test that would attempt to
display uninitialized data in the test unit.stacktrace.
Previously, our CI did not build unit tests with MemorySanitizer.

handle_delayed_insert(): Remove a redundant call to pthread_exit(0),
which would for some reason cause MemorySanitizer in clang-19 to
report a stack overflow in a RelWithDebInfo build. This fixes a
failure of several tests.

Reviewed by: Vladislav Vaintroub

Emit a warning in the event that we finished processing input files
before reaching the boundary indicated by --stop-datetime.

Emit a warning in the event that we finished processing input files
before reaching the boundary indicated by --stop-position.

buf_page_t::read_complete(): Fix an incorrect condition that had been
added in commit aaef2e1d (MDEV-27058).
Also for compressed-only pages we must remember that buffered changes
may exist.

buf_read_page(): Correct the function comment; this is for a synchronous
and not asynchronous read. Pass the parameter unzip=true to
buf_read_page_low(), because each of our callers will be interested in
the uncompressed page frame. This will cause the test
encryption.innodb-compressed-blob to emit more errors when the
correct keys for decrypting the clustered index root page are unavailable.

Reviewed by: Debarun Banerjee

buf_pool_t::page_fix(): If a change buffer merge may be needed on a
ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED page that exists in compressed-only format in
the buffer pool, go ahead to decompress the block. This fixes an
infinite loop.

Reviewed by: Debarun Banerjee

Add support for removing the Content-Type header to the S3 engine. This
is required for compatibility with some S3 providers.

This also adds a provider option to the S3 engine which will turn on
relevant compatibility options for specific providers.

This was required for getting MariaDB S3 engine to work with "Huawei
Cloud S3".
To get Huawei S3 storage to work on has set one of the following
S3 options:
s3_provider=Huawei
s3_ssl_no_verify=1

Author: Andrew Hutchings <andrew@mariadb.org>