Note: This patch backports commits 10cd2818 and 1755ea4b from 10.3.

10cd2818:
Problem:- Some binary data is inserted into the table using
Jconnector. When binlog dump of the data is applied using mysql
client it gives syntax error.

Reason:-
After investigating it turns out to be a issue of mysql client not
able to properly handle  \\0 <0 in binary>. In all binary files
where mysql client fails to insert
these 2 bytes are common (0x5c00)

Solution:-
I have changed mysql.cc to include for the possibility that binary
string can have \\0 in it

1755ea4b:
Changes on top of Sachin’s patch. Specifically:
 1) Refined the parsing break condition to only change the parser’s
behavior for parsing strings in binary mode (behavior of \0 outside
of strings is unchanged).
 2) Prefixed binary_zero_insert.test with ‘mysql_’ to more clearly
associate the  purpose of the test.
 3) As the input of the test contains binary zeros (0x5c00),
different text editors can visualize this sequence differently, and
Github would not display it at all. Therefore, the input itself was
consolidated into the test and created out of hex sequences to make
it easier to understand what is happening.
 4) Extended test to validate that the rows which correspond to the
INSERTS with 0x5c00 have the correct binary zero data.

Reviewed By:
============
Andrei Elkin <andrei.elkin@mariadb.com>

If a table has no unique indexes, write set key information will be collected on all columns in the table.
The write set key information has space only for max 3500 bytes for individual column, and if a varchar colummn of such non-primary key table is longer than
 this limit, currently a crash follows.
The fix in this commit, is to truncate key values extracted from such long varhar columns to max 3500 bytes.
This may potentially lead to false positive certification failures for transactions, which operate on separate cluster nodes, and update/insert/delete table rows, which differ only in the part of such long columns after 3500 bytes border.
Reviewed-by: Jan Lindström <jan.lindstrom@mariadb.com>

Let us mask the actual values of the defragmentation-related fields,
because they may vary. Also, remove the dependency on purge,
and instead delete records by a ROLLBACK of INSERT.

Use in_sum_func (and so nest_level) only in LEX to which SELECT lex belong to

Reduce usage of current_select (because it does not always point on the correct
 SELECT_LEX, for example with prepare.

Change context for all classes inherited from Item_ident (was only for Item_field) in case of pushing down it to HAVING.

Now name resolution context have to have SELECT_LEX reference if the context is present.

Fixed feedback plugin stack usage.

Revert 88a4be75 and
9d97f92f, which had been
prematurely pushed by accident.

Fixed flaws with overly strict or, conversely,
overly soft verification of certificates in some
scenarios:

1. Removed the check that the 'commonname' (CN) in the
   certificate matches the 'localhost' value on the side
   of the joiner node, which was performed earlier, even
   if the address was received by the script only as an
   argument (out of the exchange via the Galera protocol) -
   since for the joining node this argument always contains
   its own local address, not the address of the remote host,
   so it is always treated as 'localhost', which is not
   necessarily true (outside of mtr testing);
2. Removed checking the domain name or IP-address of the
   peer node in the encrypt=2 mode;
3. Fixed checking of compliance of certificates when
   rsync SST is used;
4. Added the ability to specify CA not only as a file,
   but also as a path to the directory where the certificates
   are stored. To do this, the user just needs to specify the
   path to this directory as the value ssl-ca or tca parameter,
   ending with the '/' character.

RedHat systems have both files for lsb and init functions.
Old code was written as if/else, so second file (RedHat-specific) was not processed.
So, systemd redirect didn't work, because its logic is described in
RedHat-specific functions file

This reverts commit 30dea459.

This patch is the plan D variant for fixing potetial mutex locking
order exercised by BF aborting and KILL command execution.

In this approach, KILL command is replicated as TOI operation.
This guarantees total isolation for the KILL command execution
in the first node: there is no concurrent replication applying
and no concurrent DDL executing. Therefore there is no risk of
BF aborting to happen in parallel with KILL command execution
either. Potential mutex deadlocks between the different mutex
access paths with KILL command execution and BF aborting cannot
therefore happen.

TOI replication is used, in this approach,  purely as means
to provide isolated KILL command execution in the first node.
KILL command should not (and must not) be applied in secondary
nodes. In this patch, we make this sure by skipping KILL
execution in secondary nodes, in applying phase, where we
bail out if applier thread is trying to execute KILL command.
This is effective, but skipping the applying of KILL command
could happen much earlier as well.

This patch also fixes mutex locking order and unprotected
THD member accesses on bf aborting case. We try to hold
THD::LOCK_thd_data during bf aborting. Only case where it
is not possible is at wsrep_abort_transaction before
call wsrep_innobase_kill_one_trx where we take InnoDB
mutexes first and then THD::LOCK_thd_data.

This will also fix possible race condition during
close_connection and while wsrep is disconnecting
connections.

Added wsrep_bf_kill_debug test case
Reviewed-by: Jan Lindström <jan.lindstrom@mariadb.com>

Revert "MDEV-24873 galera.galera_as_slave_ctas MTR failed:..."

This reverts commit 29bbcac0 and
later commit 5ecaf52d.

At least since commit 055a3334
(MDEV-13564) the undo log truncation in InnoDB did not work correctly.

The main issue is that during the execution of
trx_purge_truncate_history() some pages of the newly truncated
undo tablespace could be discarded.

fsp_try_extend_data_file(): Apply the peculiar rounding of
fil_space_t::size_in_header only to the system tablespace,
whose size can be expressed in megabytes in a configuration parameter.
Other files may freely grow by a number of pages.

fseg_alloc_free_page_low(): Do allow the extension of undo tablespaces,
and mention the file name in the error message.

mtr_t::commit_shrink(): Implement crash-safe shrinking of a tablespace
file. First, durably write the log, then shrink the file, and finally
release the page latches of the rebuilt tablespace. Refactored from
trx_purge_truncate_history().

log_write_and_flush_prepare(), log_write_and_flush(): New functions
to durably write log during mtr_t::commit_shrink().

- Handle stored function conditions correctly, with the same logic as with UDFs.
- When running queries on Spider SE, by default, we do not push down WHERE conditions containing usage of UDFs/stored functions to remote data nodes, unless the user demands (by setting spider_use_pushdown_udf).

SST scripts currently use Linux-specific construction
to create a temporary directory if the path prefix for
that directory is specified by the user. This does not
work with FreeBSD. This commit adds support for FreeBSD.

No separate test required.

btr_defragment_save_defrag_stats_if_needed(): Do not save
defragmentation statistics for temporary tables.
They are exempt of defragmentation anyway
(ha_innobase::optimize() never invokes defragmentation for them),
and the user-visible names are not available inside InnoDB.

Furthermore, InnoDB assumes that temporary tables are never accessed
by other threads than the one that handles the session with which
the temporary table is associated with.

Furthermore, we simplify the test innodb.innodb_defrag_stats
and include a test case that demonstrates that defragmentation
statistics are no longer being saved for temporary tables.

Test case fail to include undo tablespace while waiting for the
encryption thread to encrypt all existing tablespace

Thanks Karl Levik

release lock in all as cases n xbstream_open, also fix the case where malloc would return NULL.

This file had not been compiled for long time.
Remove this from the tree.

InnoDB could evict the fts auxiliary table in
row_fts_merge_insert(). So bulk insert could be
dealing with garbage FTS auxiliary table.Patch
should delay closing the table in row_fts_merge_insert().

A conversion warning 4267 that we want to disable(prior to 10.3),
was suppressed with  cmake VS generator for C++ and C, despite being set
only for CXX flags.

The fix is to disable the warning in C flags, too. In 10.2, this warning
is noisy, in 10.3 it is fixed.

The st_blksize returned by fstat(2) is not documented to be
a power of 2, like we assumed in
commit 58252fff (MDEV-26040).
While on Linux, the st_blksize appears to report the file system
block size (which hopefully is not smaller than the sector size
of the underlying block device), on FreeBSD we observed
st_blksize values that might have been something similar to st_size.

Also IBM AIX was affected by this. A simple test case would
lead to a crash when using the minimum innodb_buffer_pool_size=5m
on both FreeBSD and AIX:

seq -f 'create table t%g engine=innodb select * from seq_1_to_200000;' \
1 100|mysql test&
seq -f 'create table u%g engine=innodb select * from seq_1_to_200000;' \
1 100|mysql test&

We will fix this by not trusting st_blksize at all, and assuming that
the smallest allowed write size (for O_DIRECT) is 4096 bytes. We hope
that no storage systems with larger block size exist. Anything larger
than 4096 bytes should be unlikely, given that it is the minimum
virtual memory page size of many contemporary processors.

MariaDB Server on Microsoft Windows was not affected by this.

While the 512-byte sector size of the venerable Seagate ST-225 is still
in widespread use, the minimum innodb_page_size is 4096 bytes, and
innodb_log_file_size can be set in integer multiples of 65536 bytes.

The only occasion where InnoDB uses smaller data file block sizes than
4096 bytes is with ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED tables with KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=1
or KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=2 (or innodb_page_size=4096). For such tables,
we will from now on preallocate space in integer multiples of 4096 bytes
and let regular writes extend the file by 1024, 2048, or 3072 bytes.

The view INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES.FS_BLOCK_SIZE
should report the raw st_blksize.

For page_compressed tables, the function fil_space_get_block_size()
will map to 512 any st_blksize value that is larger than 4096.

os_file_set_size(): Assume that the file system block size is 4096 bytes,
and only support extending files to integer multiples of 4096 bytes.

fil_space_extend_must_retry(): Round down the preallocation size to
an integer multiple of 4096 bytes.

Reviewed by: serg@mariadb.com
             daniel@mariadb.org

Improve documentation of performance_schema tables by appending COLUMN
comments to tables. Additionally improve test coverage and update corresponding
tests.

failed upon killed TRUNCATE

Note: This is a backport of 1cb4caa6 from
10.3
Analysis: Assertion failure happens because less session memory is set and so
table can't be reopened. So the statement can't be used. This error goes
unreported.
Fix: Return the error state.

because the summary is incorrect after the first run anyway

As highlighted in https://bugs.gentoo.org/807995,
people occasionaly run tests in the 20:00->23:59:59 time range.

Fixes 265e3253

binlog.binlog_stm_ctype_ucs 'mix'        w1 [ fail ]
        Test ended at 2021-08-11 22:55:35

CURRENT_TEST: binlog.binlog_stm_ctype_ucs
--- /var/tmp/portage/dev-db/mariadb-10.5.11/work/mysql/mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_stm_ctype_ucs.result    2021-06-18 18:19:11.000000000 +0800
+++ /var/tmp/portage/dev-db/mariadb-10.5.11/work/mysql/mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_stm_ctype_ucs.reject    2021-08-11 22:55:34.993447479 +0800
@@ -76,21 +76,21 @@
 /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
 DELIMITER /*!*/;
 # at #
-#YYMMDD HH:MM:SS server id #  end_log_pos # CRC32 XXX  Start: binlog v 4, server v #.##.## created YYMMDD HH:MM:SS
+#210811 22:55:34 server id #  end_log_pos # CRC32 XXX  Start: binlog v 4, server v #.##.## created 210811 22:55:34

Per https://bugs.gentoo.org/807995

The test failed with:

CURRENT_TEST: binlog.binlog_flush_binlogs_delete_domain
— /tmp/mariadb-10.5.11/mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_flush_binlogs_delete_domain.result 2021-06-18 18:19:11.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/mariadb-10.5.11/mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_flush_binlogs_delete_domain.reject 2021-09-01 22:55:29.406655479 +0800
@@ -85,6 +85,6 @@
ERROR HY000: The value of gtid domain being deleted ('4294967296') exceeds its maximum size of 32 bit unsigned integer
FLUSH BINARY LOGS DELETE_DOMAIN_ID = (4294967295);
Warnings:
-Warning 1076 The gtid domain being deleted ('4294967295') is not in the current binlog state
+Warning 1076 The gtid domain being deleted ('18446744073709551615') is not in the current binlog state
DROP TABLE t;
RESET MASTER;

mysqltest: Result length mismatch

ptr_domain_id is a uint32* so explicitly cast this when printing it out.

Thanks Marek Szuba for the bug report and testing the patch.